0附錄 A 外文文獻原文Magnetorheological damper car.1.Research status of magnetorheological damperMagnetorheological fluid refers to the additional magnetic field,under the action of rheological materials performance changes took place in the liq- uid.Will magnetorheological fluid into the magnetic fluid damper,though the control of magnetic field intensitymcan realize continuous magnetorhological damper,adjustable steplessly.Magnetorhelolgical damper usually adopts piston cylinder structure ,the pathway of MPF damper is on the piston or separate bypass,in the path of MRF,according to the structure of magnetic field can be divided into a bar and a single piston cylinder structure of dual pole.Magnetorheological damper can produce bigger,and according to the damping force of the external environment different easy adjustment magnetic field intensity,the change of shock absorber system to reduce vibration damping, achieve the goal.In the development of MFR devices and Lord,the Unites States and Delphi corporation in automobile damping application research holds June In 1995,the Lord of the fifth international electorheological fluids,and r- elated technologies of MRF,demonstrates a large trucks for semi-active sus- pension seat vibration isolation system p.Lord company recently issued a s- uitable automobile suspension of magnetorhological damper and Rheonetie series of current controller RD.3002.American Delphi company has developed magnet- orheological fluid using semi-active suspension system MagneRide team move suspension system applied in Seville Cadillac STS high-grade car,the suspe- nsion system can be changed according to the driving conditions.University ofVirginia utilization of magnetorhological damper Lord company in Volvo truck Fururecar heavy suspension frame for the cars on experiment,made the obvious eggect of vibration reduction.University ofMaryland and development of auto- motive air compensation structure air 1compensation structure of magnetorhe- ological damper.The damper adopts flow mode,simple stucture,the damping force change range is 250-1500N.Bok.CHOi Seung Korean coach suspension system is developed magnetorheological damper,dual cylinder structure,damping cylinder located at work channels in damper was design of PID controller.Laboratory tests show that:the use of magnetorheological damper can greatly improve the traffic safety and comfort.Ford motor company BASF,Germany,etc have invested heavily rd magnetorheological fluid and related componets.In the application of magnetoreohological damper is doing a lot of res- earch.Chongqing university of magnetorheological damper Liao Changrong as the design and control methods are studied,Chenjian of Shanghai jiaotong univer- sity for vehicle damping,the design of nanjing university of aeronautics Guo DALEI of magenorthological damper such vehicles in the semi-active control are studied,jingsu university on the adjustable jd.liu semi-active suspension d- amper control methods are studied,etc,damping design and control research has become hot.2.Semi-active suspension control strategy and research status.Most current semi-active suspension system is to shock absorber real-time control of damping and adjust,its essence is measured by real-time sensor of vehicles running environment and body state,the data to microprocesser control algorithm is calculated according to the optimal damper,and then control re- gulation,shock absorhers damping force to achieve the ideal damping force, imporve the performance of the suspension,one of the key technologies is to control strategy.In the semi-active suspension of 30 years,and veicle engi- neering half-anf-half active suspension control strategy for a lot of resea- rch,the representative of control method can be summarized as follows:(1)The optimal control strategy. The optimal control is simply stated in the given conditions and evaluation function for the performance of the system ,the index optimal control laws.Its theoretical basis is linear optimal control theory,though the establishment of the state equation is proposed control system,target 2and weighting coeff- icients in the application of target set by the control theory of optimal control law to achieve optimal control.(2)Predictive control.Predictive control refers to the road ahead through the sensor will su- spension devices to information in advance,the parameters adjustment and the actual demand synchronization and reflect the real situation in the road3附錄 B 外文文獻翻譯汽車磁流變減振器1.磁流變減振器的研究狀況磁流變液體是指在外加磁場的作用下，磁流變材料性能發(fā)生急劇變化的液體。將磁流變液體裝入磁流變減振器，通過控制磁場強度，可實現(xiàn)磁流變減振器的連續(xù)、無級可調(diào)。磁流變減振器通常采用活塞缸結(jié)構(gòu)，磁流變液的通路由位于活塞上的阻尼孔或單獨的旁通構(gòu)成，在磁流變液的通路上施加磁場，按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為單出桿和雙出桿活塞缸結(jié)構(gòu)。磁流變減振器能夠產(chǎn)生較大的阻尼力，而且根據(jù)外部的環(huán)境不同很容易調(diào)節(jié)磁場強度，改變減振器系統(tǒng)的阻尼，達到主動減振的目的。在磁流變液和器件開發(fā)方面，美國福特公司和 Delphi公司都致力于汽車磁流變減振器的應(yīng)用研究，福特公司早在1995年得第五屆國際電流變液、磁流變液及相關(guān)技術(shù)研討會上，展示可一種用于大型載重汽車座椅半主動懸架減振系統(tǒng)。福特公司最近開發(fā)了適用于汽車懸架的Rheonetie系列磁流變減振器和電流變控制器 RD。3002.美國 Delphi公司已經(jīng)利用磁流變液開發(fā)出半主動懸架系統(tǒng) MagneRide3,被評為 1999年世界一百項重大發(fā)明之一，2002年，MagnenRide 把半主動懸架系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用在 Cadillac高檔車上，此懸架系統(tǒng)能根據(jù)行駛情況自動改變阻尼。維吉尼亞大學(xué)利用福特公司的磁流變減振器分別在 Volvo 重型卡車和轎車的懸架上進行裝車試驗，取得了明顯的減振效果。美國馬里蘭大學(xué)也開發(fā)了充氣補償結(jié)構(gòu)的汽車磁流變減振器。該減振器采用流動模式，結(jié)構(gòu)簡答，阻尼力變化范圍在 250-1500N。韓國 Seung.Bok Choi 開發(fā)了客車懸架系統(tǒng)氣體補償器，雙筒結(jié)構(gòu)，阻尼通道位于工作缸兩端，在阻尼器設(shè)計膜片隔離氣體補償器，并設(shè)計了基于天棚阻尼的 PID控制器。試驗測試證明：利用磁流變減振器可以大幅度提高車輛的安全性和舒適性。福特公司、德國 BASF等也紛紛投入資金研發(fā)磁流變液和想過器件。我國對磁流變減振器的應(yīng)用也做了大量的研究。重慶大學(xué)的廖昌榮等對磁流變減振器的設(shè)計和控制方法進行了研究，上海交通大學(xué)的陳吉安對用于車輛的磁流變減振器進行了設(shè)計，南京航天航空大學(xué)的郭大雷等對磁流變減振器在車輛上的半主動控制進行了研究，江蘇大學(xué)的陳龍等對可調(diào)阻尼不主動懸架的控制方法進行了研究等等，目前磁流變減振器的設(shè)計及控制研究已經(jīng)逐漸成為熱點。2車輛半主動懸架的控制策略及研究現(xiàn)狀4目前大多數(shù)半主動懸架系統(tǒng)勢對減振器的阻尼進行實時控制和調(diào)節(jié)，其本質(zhì)就是通過傳感器實時測量車輛的運行環(huán)境和車聲狀態(tài)，把數(shù)據(jù)傳給微處理器，根據(jù)控制算法計算出當(dāng)前的最佳阻尼力，并根據(jù)此控制調(diào)節(jié)減振器阻尼力，使之達到理想阻尼力，改善懸架性能，其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一是控制策略。在半主動懸架提出 30多年時間里，國內(nèi)外車輛工程界對半主動懸架的控制策略進行了很多研究，具有代表性的控制方法可以歸納如下：（1）最優(yōu)控制策略最優(yōu)控制簡單地說就是在給定的限制條件和評價函數(shù)下，尋找使系統(tǒng)性能指標(biāo)最優(yōu)的控制規(guī)律。其理論基礎(chǔ)是線性最優(yōu)控制理論，通過建立系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)方程提出控制目標(biāo)和加權(quán)系數(shù)，在應(yīng)用控制理論所設(shè)目標(biāo)下的最優(yōu)控制規(guī)律來實現(xiàn)最優(yōu)控制。（2）預(yù)測控制預(yù)測控制是指通過傳感器將車輛前方路面信息預(yù)先傳給懸架裝置，使參數(shù)的調(diào)節(jié)與實際需求同步。這個理論的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)是要獲得具有一定精度、不受干擾和反應(yīng)路面真實情況的信息。