本 科 畢 業(yè) 設 計 外 文 資 料 翻 譯系 別：工程技術系 專 業(yè)：機械設計制造及其自動化 姓 名：學 號：外文資料翻譯譯文包 裝 機 定 義 ：簡單來說，包裝機就是把產品包裝起來機器，起著保護，美觀的作用。 包裝機主要分兩個方面，一是流水線式整體生產包裝，二是產品外圍包裝設備。包 裝 機 的 分 類 ：包裝機的種類繁多，分類方法很多。從不同的觀點出發(fā)可有多種，按產品狀態(tài)分，有液體、塊狀、散粒體包裝機；按包裝作用分，有內包裝、外包包裝機；按包裝行業(yè)分，有食品、日用化工、紡織品等包裝機；按包裝工位分，有單工位、多工位包裝機；按自動化程度分，有半自動、全自動包裝機等。自 動 包 裝 機 的 優(yōu) 勢 ：要想在規(guī)定的時間內，為自己創(chuàng)造出最大的利益，就要確保自己的食品包裝生產線運行良好，在生產過程中不會出現錯誤，這樣在盡量避免錯誤出現和故障的影響，才會為企業(yè)獲得最大的利益。自動化水平在制造工業(yè)中不斷提高，應用范圍正在拓展。包裝機械行業(yè)中自動化操作正在改變著包裝過程的動作方式和包裝容器及材料的加工方法。實現自動控制的包裝系統(tǒng)能夠極大地提高生產效率和產品質量，顯著消除包裝工序及印刷貼標等造成的誤差，有效減輕職工的勞動強度并降低能源和資源的消耗。具有革命意義的自動化改變著包裝機械行業(yè)的制造方法及其產品的傳輸方式。設計、安裝的自動控制包裝系統(tǒng)，無論從提高包裝機械行業(yè)的產品質量和生產效率方面，還是從消除加工誤差和減輕勞動強度方面，都表現出十分明顯的作用。尤其是對食品、飲料、藥品、電子等行業(yè)而言，都是至關重要的。自動裝置和系統(tǒng)工程方面的技術正在進一步深化，并得到更廣泛的應用。研 究 現 狀 ：中國包裝機形成行業(yè)僅 20 年，基礎相對薄弱，技術及科研力量不足，其發(fā)展相對滯后，在某種程度上拖了食品和包裝工業(yè)的后腿。預測到 2010 年，國內行業(yè)總產值可達到 1300 億元(現價) ，而市場需求可能達到 2000 億元。如何能夠盡快的趕上并且抓住這個巨大的市場是我們迫切需要解決的問題。我 國 包 裝 機 行 業(yè) 的 發(fā) 展 現 狀 ：我國包裝機起步于上個世紀 70 年代末，年產值只有七八千萬元，產品品種僅有 100 多種。近 5 年來食品和包裝機行業(yè)每年以 11%～12% 的平均增長速度發(fā)展，高于同期國民經濟增長速度，銷售總額由 1994 年的 150 億元增加到 2000 年的 300 億元，產品品種由 1994 年的 270 種發(fā)展到 2000 年的 3700種。產品水平上了新臺階，開始出現規(guī)?；⒊商谆?、自動化的趨勢，傳動復雜、技術含量高的設備開始出現?？梢哉f我國的機械生產已滿足了國內的基本需求，并開始向東南亞及第三世界國家出口，如我國 2000 年的進出口總額為 27.37 億美元，其中出口額為 12.9 億美元，比 1999 年提高了 22.2%。在出口的機械品種中以食品( 乳品、糕點、肉類、水果) 加工機、烤箱、封裝、貼標簽機、紙塑鋁復合罐生產設備等機械出口較多，食品機械如制糖、 、飲料、包裝機等設備已開始成套出口。近十余年來，國際包裝界十分重視提高包裝機械及整個包裝系統(tǒng)的通用能力和多功能集成能力，為市場開拓日新月異的多樣化商品提供及時靈活應變的生產手段。同時基于合理簡化包裝和優(yōu)勢包裝工藝方法的實際需要，不斷探索，明顯地加快了自身技術革新的步伐。尤其是與現代自動機床同步發(fā)展相呼應，逐步明確。要想建立多樣化、通用化、多功能集成化的包裝機械新體系，首先必須著重解決組合化和機電一體化的大問題，無疑這是今后的重要發(fā)展方向。隨著我國商品經濟的繁榮和人民生活水平的提高，食品包裝機械包裝技術的前景十分樂觀。近年來，國家加大了對食品和藥品質量和安全的監(jiān)督力度，對食品的生產加工包裝技術都提出了新的要求。一批食品生產企業(yè)先后投入資金進行包裝設備的技術改造和生產技術的創(chuàng)新，在一定程度上提升了我國食品行業(yè)的水平和市場競爭力。盡管我國食品包裝機械包裝技術的水平有了提高，但是我國的食品包裝機械包裝技術與發(fā)達國家的相比在競爭中還是明顯處于弱勢。我國包裝機械行業(yè) 30%左右的企業(yè)存在低水平的重復建設。這種狀況不但浪費了有限的資金、人力等重要資源，還造成了包裝機械市場的無序混亂，阻礙了行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展，制約了我國中小食品機械包裝機械的升級換代和包裝技術的創(chuàng)新。我國的食品包裝機械多以單機為主，科技含量和自動化程度低，在新技術、新工藝、新材料方面應用的少，滿足不了我國當前食品企業(yè)發(fā)展的要求。一些食品企業(yè)為了技術改造，不得不花費大量的資金從國外引進一些技術先進的、生產效率高、包裝精度高的成套食品包裝生產線，導致很大一部分國內的市場份額被國外品牌所占領。我國的食品包裝機械發(fā)展空間依然廣闊，食品包裝機械包裝技術的水平有待迫切開發(fā)的需要。外 國 包 裝 機 械 的 發(fā) 展 現 狀 ：德國：德國的包裝機械在計量、制造、技術性能方面均屬世界一流。該國生產的啤酒、飲料灌裝成套設備生產速度快、自動化程度高、可靠性好。主要體現在：工藝流程的自動化、生產效率高，滿足了交貨期短和降低工藝流程成本的要求;設備具有更高的柔性和靈活性。主要體現在生產的靈活性、構造的靈活性和供貨的靈活性，以適應產品更新換代的需要;利用計算機和仿真技術提供成套設備，故障率低，可以進行遠程診斷服務;對環(huán)境污染少，主要包括噪音、粉塵和廢棄物的污染。意大利：意大利生產的包裝機械中，40%是食品包裝機械，如糖果包裝機、茶葉包裝機、灌裝機等。產品的特點是外觀考究、性能優(yōu)良、價格便宜。意大利包裝機械行業(yè)的最大優(yōu)勢就在于可以按照用戶的要求進行設計和生產，并能保證很好地完成設計、生產、試驗，實現監(jiān)督、檢驗、組裝、調整和用戶需求分析等。國 產 食 品 包 裝 機 械 與 國 際 的 主 要 差 距 ：1、生產效率低、能耗高、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性差，產品造型落后，外觀粗糙，基礎件和配套件壽命低，國產的氣動件和電器元件質量差。比如河南星火包裝機械有限公司就在參照國外先進包裝機技術的基礎上，進行改造和創(chuàng)新產品，星火牌系列的灌裝機上的氣動部分均采用德國 FESTO 和臺灣 AirTac 的氣動元件。2、控制技術應用得少。比如遠距離遙控技術、步進電機技術、信息處理技術等。專家指出，世界上德國、意大利、美國和日本的包裝機械水平處于領先地位。其中，在美國成型、充填、封口三種機械設備的技術更新很快。如美國液體灌裝設備公司(EJF)生產的液體灌裝機，一臺設備可以實現重力灌裝、壓力灌裝以及正壓移動泵式灌裝。就是說，任何黏度的液體，只要通過微機控制來改變灌裝方式就可以實現。近幾年來，這種技術在國內出現了，比如江蘇群杰包裝機械廠、廣州澳特包裝機公司等等。包 裝 機 械 產 業(yè) 發(fā) 展 趨 勢 預 測 分 析 ：食品包裝行業(yè)正向打造新型包裝機械，引領包裝機械向集成化、高效化、智能化等方向發(fā)展。邁川伺服驅動器將成為一個核心的部件產品。目前自動化技術在包裝生產線中已占 50%以上，大量使用了電腦設計和機電一體化控制，提高生產率、設備的柔性和靈活性，增加機械手以完成復雜的包裝動作。 總看食品包裝機械的發(fā)展，其在設備規(guī)模上不僅擴大了，而且正加速向光機電一體化、自動化推進。隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展與進步，未來微電子、電腦、工業(yè)機器人、圖像傳感技術和新材料等在包裝機械中將會得到越來越廣泛的應用，各企業(yè)亟須引進新技術，向生產效率高、自動化程度高、可靠性好、靈活性強、技術含量高的包裝設備進軍。目前在灌裝設備、包裝設備、包裝材料生產設備等方面，國內企業(yè)都有了長足的進步。但是，我國包裝機械品種約有 1300 多種，缺少高科技、高精度、高質量配套產品，產品性能低，穩(wěn)定性和可靠性差。仍需借助高端端技術助力包裝機械產品升級。效率化：食品加工的高度效率化，主要是采用機電一體化技術和光、電、液、自動化控制技術等來實現的，由連續(xù)式生產設備代替間歇式生產設備，由專業(yè)化生產設備代替通用化生產設備，由人性化生產設備代替中小型生產設備。使生產線實現連續(xù)化生產、專業(yè)化作業(yè)、自動化調節(jié)、規(guī)模化經營等，可顯著提高生產效率和經濟效益。自動化：未來的包裝機械將配合產業(yè)自動化趨勢，促進包裝設備總體水平提高。如高智能數控系統(tǒng)、編碼器及數字控制組件、動力負載控制等新型智能設備已經普遍應用到包裝機械設備中，使設備使用者在操作過程中更具有獨立性、靈活度、操作正確性、高效率和兼容性。外文原文The packaging machine definition:Simply put, the packaging machine is the product packaging up the machine, plays a protection role of the beautiful. The packaging machine in two main areas, the overall production pipeline packaging products periphery packaging equipment.Classification of packaging machines:A wide range of packaging machines, many of the classification method. Starting from different points of view can have a variety, by sub-state, liquid, massive, granular packaging machine; divided by the role of packaging within the packaging, outsourcing packaging machine; points, by the packaging industry, food, household chemical, textile, and other packaging machines; Packers points, single-station, multi-station packaging machine; divided by the degree of automation, semi-automatic and automatic packaging machines.Advantage of automatic packaging machines:To within the stipulated time for themselves to create the maximum benefit, it is necessary to ensure their own food packaging production line is running well, without error in the production process, so in order to avoid errors and failure of will enterprises to obtain the maximum benefit. Level of automation in the manufacturing industry, continuous improvement, is expanding its range of applications. Automation in the packaging machinery industry is changing the action mode of the packaging process and packaging containers and materials processing methods. Packaging systems for automatic control can greatly improve production efficiency and product quality, significantly eliminate the packaging process and printed labeling error, effectively reducing the labor intensity of workers and reduce energy and resource consumption. The automation of revolutionary change the transmission of the manufacturing method of the packaging machinery industry and its products. Design, install the automatic control of packaging systems, in terms of improving product quality and production efficiency of the packaging machinery industry, or from the elimination of processing errors and reduce labor intensity, have demonstrated a very significant role. Especially for food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, electronics and other industries, are essential. Automatic devices and systems engineering aspects of the technology is further deepened, and a wider range of applications.Research:The packaging machine form the industry's only 20 years, the foundation is relatively weak, and lack of technical and scientific research efforts, its development is lagging behind, dragged the hind legs of the food and packaging industry in a way. The forecast for 2010, the domestic industry output value reached 130 billion yuan (current prices), while the market demand may reach 200 billion yuan. How can catch up and seize this huge market we urgently need to be resolved as soon as possible.Development status of the packaging machine industry in China:Packaging machine in China started in the late 1970s of the last century, only seven or eight million yuan of annual output value, product variety is only 100. Past five years, the food and packaging machine industry an annual average growth rate of 11% to 12% higher than the national growth rate, total sales increased from $ 150 billion in 1994 to 30 billion yuan in 2000, product variety by 270 kinds of development in 1994 to 2000 of 3700 kinds. Product level to a new level, began to scale, complete automation trends, complex transmission equipment of high technical content began to appear. It can be said that China's machinery production to meet the basic needs of the domestic and export to Southeast Asia and Third World countries such as China's 2000 import and export volume of $ 2,737,000,000, of which exports $ 1.29 billion, compared to 1999 to improve 22.2%. Food (dairy products, cakes, meat, fruit) machine, oven, packaging, labeling machines, paper and plastic aluminum composite can production equipment and other machinery exports more varieties of export of machinery, food machinery, such as sugar, beverages packaging machines and other equipment have begun to complete sets of export. The current development of the packaging machineThe past decade, the international packaging industry attaches great importance to improve the general ability of packaging machinery and packaging systems and multi-function integration capabilities to provide timely and flexible response of the means of production for the market to develop the rapid diversification of commodities. Based on reasonable actual need to simplify the method of packaging and advantages of the packaging process, continuing to explore, significantly accelerated the pace of technological innovation. In particular, the simultaneous development of modern automatic machine echoes gradually clear. To build a diverse, universal, multi-function integrated packaging machinery system, we must first focus on solving the big problem of the combination and the mechanical and electrical integration, no doubt, this is an important development in the future direction.With the prosperity of China's commodity economy and people's living standards improve, the prospects of food packaging machinery, packaging technology is very promising. In recent years, the state has increased the quality and safety of food and medicine supervision, the production of food processing and packaging technology have raised new demands. The number of food-producing enterprises have invested packaging equipment for technological transformation and innovation of production technology, to some extent, enhance the level of China's food industry and market competitiveness. Although the level of food packaging machinery in China Packaging Technology has improved, but China's food packaging machinery, packaging technology and compared to developed countries in the competition or significantly disadvantaged. About 30 percent of China's packaging machinery industry enterprises have low-level duplicated construction. This situation is not only a waste of limited financial, human and other important resources, but also resulted in disorderly confusion of the packaging machinery market, hindering the healthy development of the industry, which restricts the upgrading of China's small and medium-sized food machinery and packaging machinery and packaging technology innovation.Food packaging machinery in China more than stand-alone-based, low technology content and degree of automation in the new technologies, new processes, new materials applications, can not meet China's current food enterprise development requirements. For technological innovation, some food companies have to spend a lot of money from abroad to the introduction of technologically advanced, high efficiency, high precision packaging the complete food packaging production line, resulting in a large part of the domestic market share is occupied by foreign brands. Is still vast room for development of China's food packaging machinery, food packaging machinery, packaging technology level to be the urgent needs of the development.The development status of the foreign packaging machinery:Germany:Packaging machinery in Germany are world-class in terms of measurement, manufacturing, technical performance. The equipment of the production of beer, beverage filling production speed, high degree of automation, reliability. Mainly reflected in: the automation of the process, high production efficiency, to meet the requirements of short delivery and reduce process costs; equipment has a higher flexibility and flexibility. Production flexibility, the flexibility of the construct and supply flexibility, to accommodate the need for product replacement; use of computers and simulation technology to provide complete sets of equipment, failure rate, remote diagnostic services; less environmental pollution , including noise, dust, pollution and waste.Italy:Italian production of packaging machinery, 40% of food packaging machinery, such as candy packing machine, tea packaging machine, filling machine. The products are characterized by elegant appearance, excellent performance and cheap price. Italian packaging machinery industry, the biggest advantage is in accordance with the requirements of the user's design and production, and to ensure the complete design, production, testing, implementation supervision and inspection, assembly, adjustment and user needs analysis.Major gaps in the domestic food packaging machinery and international:1, the low production efficiency, high energy consumption, stability and reliability, product design backward, rough appearance, the basic parts and accessories, low life, made pneumatic parts and electrical components are of poor quality. Such as Henan Spark Packaging Machinery Co., Ltd. in the light of advanced packaging machine technology on the basis of transformation and innovation of products, filling machine on the Spark brand pneumatic part adopts the pneumatic components of Germany FESTO and Taiwan AirTac.2, the control technology applied. Such as long distance remote control technology, the stepper motor technology, information processing technology. The experts pointed out that the level of packaging machinery in Germany, Italy, the United States and Japan, the world's leading position. Which, in the United States forming, filling, sealing the three types of machinery and equipment, technology updates soon. Such as the production of liquid filling machine liquid filling equipment company (EJF), a device can realize the gravity filling, pressure filling and positive pressure portable pump filling. Means that any liquid viscosity, as long as the filling by computer control to change the way you can. In recent years, this technology in the country, such as the the Jiangsu Qunjie Packaging Machinery Factory, Guangzhou, Macao special packaging machine companies, and so on.Packaging Machinery Industry Development Trend Forecast of:The food packaging industry to create new packaging machinery, leading packaging machinery to the development of integrated, efficient, intelligent direction. Maichuan servo drives will become a core component of the product. Accounted for 50% of the packaging production line automation technology, extensive use of computer design and mechatronics control, improve productivity, equipment flexibility and flexibility to increase the robot to complete the complex packaging action.Always look at the development of food packaging machinery, its not only expanded the size of equipment, and is accelerating the integration of optical and electrical machinery, automated propulsion. With the continuous development of technology and progress, the future of microelectronics, computers, industrial robots, image sensor technology and new materials in the packaging machinery will be more widely used, and all enterprises urgent need to introduce new technologies to high productivity, high degree of automation, reliability, flexibility, high technological content and packaging equipment to enter.Filling equipment, packaging equipment, packaging materials, production equipment, domestic enterprises have made substantial progress. However, China's packaging machinery about 1300 kinds of lack of high-tech, high-precision, high-quality ancillary products, product performance, stability and reliability. Still with the high-end side technologies help packaging machinery product upgrades.Efficiency: the food processing highly efficient, is mainly mechatronics technology and optical, electrical, hydraulic, automation and control technology to achieve continuous production equipment instead of the intermittent production equipment, specialized production equipment instead of the universal production equipment, production equipment by the humane instead of small and medium-sized production equipment. Production line to achieve continuous production, specialized operations, automatic adjustment, the scale of operations, can significantly improve production efficiency and economic benefits.Automation: the future of packaging machinery will be coordinated with the trend of industrial automation, and promote the overall level of packaging equipment. Such as the new smart intelligent CNC system, the encoder and the digital control components, power load control equipment has been widely applied to the packaging machinery and equipment, the equipment users more independence during the operation, flexibility, operating correctness. high efficiency and compatibility.