（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 考前沖刺卷（一）牛津譯林版

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1、考前沖刺卷(一) 第一部分　聽力(略) 第二部分　英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分) 第一節(jié)　單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分) 請認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 1.Wehopethatcleanenergycanbepromotedacrossthecountryenvironmentalpollutioncanbegreatlyreduced. A.incaseB.nowthat　C.sothatD.asif 答案　C 解析　句意為：我們希望清潔能源能夠在全國范圍內(nèi)得到推廣，以便環(huán)境污染可以大幅減少。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空

2、處在此引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，表示“為了，以便”，應(yīng)用sothat。incase“假如，如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，從句多位于主句之前；incase“以防，以免”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句多位于主句之后，可用虛擬語氣，也可用陳述語氣；nowthat“既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；asif“好像”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。 2.ChinaRailwaysaidtennewrailwayswouldbeputintoservicebytheendof2018to______thecapabilityofChina’shigh-speedrail. A.heighten B.innovate C.inspect

3、D.interpret 答案　A 解析　句意為：中國鐵路總公司稱，到2018年年底，十條新鐵路將投入使用，以提升中國高速鐵路的(運(yùn)載)能力。heighten提升，提高，符合語境。innovate創(chuàng)新，改革；inspect檢查，審視；interpret詮釋，說明。 3.Afterknowinghisfailingtheexam，Albertsatquietlyforawhilebytheriverbank，thinkingofwhatitmighthavebeenifhehard. A.couldstudy B.hadstudied C.studied D.studies 答案　B

4、 解析　句意為：得知自己考試沒通過后，艾伯特在河岸邊靜靜地坐了一會兒，尋思著如果當(dāng)初自己努力學(xué)習(xí)的話結(jié)果會如何。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，此處考查虛擬語氣，且表示對與過去事實(shí)相反的情況的虛擬，故從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用“had＋過去分詞”形式。故選B。 4.Overthelastfiveyears，UNICEFhasbeenbuildingtheabilitytodriveresearchanddevelopmentforproductstomeettheneedsofchildrenthatarenotyetreadilyavailable. A.conventional B.foreign

5、 C.essential D.sufficient 答案　C 解析　句意為：在過去五年中，聯(lián)合國兒童基金會一直致力于推動研究和開發(fā)那些兒童還不能方便獲得但卻對滿足其需求至關(guān)重要的產(chǎn)品。essential必不可少的，極其重要的，符合語境。conventional傳統(tǒng)的；foreign非典型的，陌生的；sufficient足夠的。 5.AsalargenumberofglobalcompanieshaveparticipatedinthefirstCIIE，itisaclear_______thatChina’sgoingtofurtheropenitsmarkets，andmanyoppo

6、rtunitiescanbefoundinthecountry. A.scene B.signal C.feature D.image 答案　B 解析　句意為：大量跨國公司參加了首屆中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會，這清楚地表明，中國將進(jìn)一步開放其市場，并且在中國可能找到許多機(jī)會。signal標(biāo)志，預(yù)示，信號，符合語境。scene場面，情景；feature特征；image畫像。 6.Themanagerkeepsherearprettyclosetothegroundandusuallytellyouwhatthemoodofthestaffis. A.must B.will C.shall

7、D.can 答案　D 解析　句意為：經(jīng)理很留心周圍的情況，她總能告訴你員工的情緒如何。根據(jù)句意，這里表示“能夠”，應(yīng)用can。 7.Whenreadingthemostinterestingpartofthestory，Bobburstintolaughter，notknowingthattheothersinthelibraryhim. A.stareat B.arestaringat C.werestaringat D.hadstaredat 答案　C 解析　句意為：讀到故事最有趣的部分時(shí)，鮑勃不禁放聲大笑，沒有察覺到圖書館里的其他人都在盯著他看。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示在過去

8、某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。 8.Ifyoupersonallyfeelthatadecisionisunjustandunfair，youshouldyourselfandvoiceyourdisagreement. A.giveupon B.standupfor C.lookupto D.putupwith 答案　B 解析　句意為：如果你個(gè)人覺得某個(gè)決定有失公允，你就應(yīng)該維護(hù)自己(的利益)，說出自己的不同意見。standupfor支持，維護(hù)，符合語境。giveupon對……不再抱希望(或不再相信)；lookupto尊敬；putupwith忍受。 9.Spee

9、chisrelatedtointeractionbetweenamotherandachildthemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’scryingandsmiling，andrespondstohimorher. A.where B.which C.when D.that 答案　A 解析　句意為：言語能力與母親和孩子之間的交流有關(guān)，在這種交流過程中母親可以從孩子的哭和笑中辨別出一些信號，并且給予他/她回應(yīng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是interaction，在從句中表示抽象的地點(diǎn)概念，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用where。故

10、選A。 10.AnoilfieldintheGobiDeserthardlycallsupvisionsofanideallivingenvironment，butwiththeeffortsofdecades，apleasantlifeforitscitizensinthecityofKaramay. A.creates B.iscreating C.hasbeencreated D.willbecreated 答案　C 解析　句意為：戈壁沙漠中的一個(gè)油田幾乎喚不起(人們)對理想生活環(huán)境的憧憬，但經(jīng)過幾十年的努力，克拉瑪依市已經(jīng)為其居民創(chuàng)造了一種愉快的生活。根據(jù)句中的“withth

11、eeffortsofdecades”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成的動作給現(xiàn)在造成的影響；又create與life之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故選C。 11.SKGlobalannouncedithasnotyetdecidedChinaRichGirlfriendwouldbeaformalco-productionbetweenChinaandtheUS，althoughitwascertainthefilmwouldbefilmedinShanghai. A.whether B.what C.how D.that 答案　A 解析　句意為：SKGlobal宣布

12、，盡管可以肯定《中國富豪女友》這部影片將在上海拍攝，但是影片是否會成為中美之間的正式聯(lián)合制作還尚未決定。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句中的“ithasnotyetdecided”可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且表示“是否”，應(yīng)用whether。 12.RunningtotheSpring，afilmthe40thanniversaryofChina’sreformandopening-up，wasshownincinemasnationwidefromDec.14，2018. A.inresponseto B.inhonorof C.inreturnfor D.incelebrationof 答案

13、　D 解析　句意為：慶祝中國改革開放四十周年的電影《春天的馬拉松》自2018年12月14日起在全國各影院上映。incelebrationof為慶?！?，符合語境。inresponseto作為對……的回應(yīng)；inhonorof紀(jì)念，為向……表示敬意；inreturnfor作為對……的回報(bào)。 13.Johnisanorganicchemist，andthisishisfirstexposuretoacommunityofworld-famousbiologists，onethatincludedinthefield. A.aJekyllandHyde B.agoodSamaritan C.a

14、toughnut D.aleadinglight 答案　D 解析　句意為：約翰是一名有機(jī)化學(xué)家，這是他第一次接觸世界著名的生物學(xué)家團(tuán)體，其中的一名生物學(xué)家是該領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)軍人物。aleadinglight(某活動范圍內(nèi))重要的活躍人物，受敬重的人物，符合語境。aJekyllandHyde雙重人格者；agoodSamaritan樂善好施者；atoughnut難對付的人。 14.Wehaveadvertisedournewproductandwe’dliketoseeitaroundtheworld. A.promoting B.promoted C.promote D.beingpromo

15、ted 答案　B 解析　句意為：我們已經(jīng)給我們的新產(chǎn)品做了廣告，我們想看到的是它在全球范圍內(nèi)得到推廣。句中的it代指ournewproduct，promote和it是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故選B。 15.—Youseemedtobeimpressedbythechildactor’sskills. —.Iwasimpressedmorebyhiscourage. A.Youhavegotmethere B.Youcansaythatagain C.Notexactly D.Notlikely 答案　C 解析　句意為：——你似乎對那個(gè)兒童演員的演技印象深刻?！?/p>

16、—不完全是。他的勇氣更打動我。notexactly“不完全如此”，用于糾正對方剛說過的話，符合語境。youhavegotmethere你把我難倒了，你把我問住了；youcansaythatagain你說得真對，表示完全同意某人的意見；notlikely不可能。 第二節(jié)　完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分) 請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Ididmyfirstwing-walktwoyearsago，onmy86birthday.ThenlastJune，aged88，Ididitagainand16myownrecordasth

17、eworld’soldest17wing-walker. Therewassomethingaboutbeingstrapped(捆扎) tothe18ofabright-yellow1944Boeing—Stearmanthat19myimagination.It’sveryexciting.Thefirstexperiencewasnothingbuttame.Thisyear，Isaidtothe20，“Canyoumakeitabitmoreadventuresome？”Hesaid，“Icoulddoaloop-the-loop (翻筋斗) ifyoulike？” Thistim

18、e，he21doinghalfaloopwhichwasveryeffective.Yougodownabit，thenstraightup.AllIfeltwasabit22，becauseitwaswindy.Butyouare23strapped.Thepilotmakessureeverythingis24.Ihadgloveson，earplugsandlotsoflayers，whichprotectedme. Bothtimes，we25fromGloucestershireAirportandwereintheairfor15minutes.Youdon’tsitonthew

19、ing—yousiton26lookslikeachair.Iwasn’tnervous.Butwhenyoulookatthepropellers(螺旋槳)，youdofeelalittlestrange.You’re27atthebeginningthatit’sa28dangerousactivityandthingscouldgowrong.However，Isaid，“Well，at88whatdoesit29？You’vegottogosometimeandyoumightaswellgoinaflameof30.” Atmyage，alotofpeopleare31inthei

20、rways.Idon’tthinkanyofmy32frommyretirementhomewantsto33me.IimaginemostofthemthinkI’m34asawoman.ButIdothinkpeopleofmyageshouldbedoingmore35things.Youshouldn’tsitbackandfeelsorryforyourself. 語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。本文作者是一位88歲的老太太，她勇于挑戰(zhàn)極限運(yùn)動——機(jī)翼行走。而且，她還呼吁更多的老年人不要服老，要勇于挑戰(zhàn)自我。 16.A.kept B.broke C.saved D.protect

21、ed 答案　B 解析　上一句提到作者在86歲時(shí)開始了第一次機(jī)翼行走，這里是說作者88歲時(shí)“打破(break)”了自己的紀(jì)錄。breakone’srecord打破某人的紀(jì)錄。故選B。 17.A.doctor B.repair C.male D.female 答案　D 解析　根據(jù)最后一段中的“asawoman”可知，作者是世界上年齡最大的“女性(female)”機(jī)翼行走者。故選D。 18.A.wing B.head C.tail D.bottom 答案　A 解析　根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“myfirstwing-walk”可知，作者參與的探險(xiǎn)活動是在飛機(jī)的“機(jī)翼(wing)”上行走

22、。故選A。 19.A.practised B.displayed C.inspired D.broadened 答案　C 解析　inspireone’simagination激發(fā)了某人的想象力。故選C。 20.A.driver B.pilot C.guide D.director 答案　B 解析　根據(jù)上文作者要進(jìn)行機(jī)翼行走可知，此處指作者在跟“飛行員(pilot)”說話，故選B。 21.A.turnedup B.gaveup C.tookup D.endedup 答案　D 解析　聯(lián)系上一段最后一句可知，作者對飛行員提出冒險(xiǎn)性的要求后，飛行員說自己可以做到讓飛機(jī)在空中翻筋

23、斗。所以此處是說飛行員最終采用了半循環(huán)的飛行方式“結(jié)束”。endupdoingsth.以做某事結(jié)束。故選D。 22.A.shaky B.dizzy C.shiny D.clumsy 答案　A 解析　根據(jù)該空后的“itwaswindy”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)有風(fēng)，所以飛行過程中飛機(jī)稍微有點(diǎn)“搖晃(shaky)”。故選A。 23.A.tightly B.largely C.safely D.correctly 答案　C 解析　上文提到風(fēng)很大飛機(jī)會搖晃，但是你是被“安全地(safely)”固定著的。故選C。 24.A.special B.secure C.cautious D.accessi

24、ble 答案　B 解析　根據(jù)下一句可知，飛行員在飛行的過程中要確保一切是“安全的(secure)”，故選B。 25.A.letout B.gotthrough C.brokeup D.tookoff 答案　D 解析　根據(jù)該空后的內(nèi)容可知，飛機(jī)在機(jī)場“起飛(takeoff)”，15分鐘后到達(dá)空中，故選D。letout發(fā)出(叫聲等)；getthrough順利通過，接通；breakup粉碎，解散。 26.A.what B.how C.where D.that 答案　A 解析　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為賓語從句。主句缺賓語，從句缺主語，表示具體事物，用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，故選A。

25、 27.A.charged B.allowed C.warned D.cheated 答案　C 解析　根據(jù)下文的“dangerousactivity”可知，這是一項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)的活動，所以參加者起初一定會被“提醒，警告(warn)”，故選C。 28.A.actually B.potentially C.doubtfully D.certainly 答案　B 解析　這項(xiàng)活動在進(jìn)行之前已經(jīng)基本保證了行走者的安全性，但也有潛在的危險(xiǎn)性。potentially潛在地，可能地。故選B。 29.A.mean B.live C.dream D.matter 答案　D 解析　在作者看來，她已經(jīng)8

26、8歲了，即使出意外，那又有什么“關(guān)系”呢？故選D。matter有關(guān)系；要緊，有影響。 30.A.glory B.silence C.memory D.ash 答案　A 解析　在作者看來，自己已經(jīng)活到88了，即使出了意外，也是以一種“光榮(glory)”的方式結(jié)束自己的生命。故選A。 31.A.criticized B.beaten C.stuck D.washed 答案　C 解析　作者認(rèn)為在步入老年階段后，很多人都會“受困于”自己的生活方式。bestuckin卡?。幌萑?；困于；被纏住。 32.A.leaders B.friends C.opponents D.relativ

27、es 答案　B 解析　作者不認(rèn)為周圍已經(jīng)退休的“朋友們(friends)”中會有人想和自己一樣勇于挑戰(zhàn)，故選B。 33.A.persuade B.praise C.join D.win 答案　C 解析　作者認(rèn)為周圍的朋友們受困于各自的生活方式而不會“加入(join)”到作者的冒險(xiǎn)活動中來，故選C。 34.A.crazy B.brave C.calm D.steady 答案　A 解析　作者認(rèn)為那些安于現(xiàn)狀的人不僅不會加入，還會認(rèn)為作者是“瘋狂的(crazy)”，故選A。 35.A.academic B.difficult C.adventurous D.ridiculou

28、s 答案　C 解析　根據(jù)第二段中的“abitmoreadventuresome”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己這個(gè)年齡段的人應(yīng)該去做更多“冒險(xiǎn)的(adventurous)”事情。故選C。academic學(xué)術(shù)的；difficult困難的；ridiculous荒謬的。 第三部分　閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) 請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A You’veprobablyheardpeopleexpressingalarmaboutthespreadof“fakenews”—storiesthatlooklikenewsarticl

29、esbutdescribethingsthatneverhappened.Spreadingfakenewsembarrassesyouandharmsothers，sofollowthesestepstomakesureyouonlysharerealnews. Checktheirgrammar Legal news sites check their grammar carefully，so articles with many errors are usually fake.Also watch out for sentences all written in capital le

30、tters and the use of multiple exclamation points(感嘆號) at the ends of sentences. These are designed to bring about an emotional reaction，but they aren’t considered professional，so trustworthy publications don’t use them. Readthewholearticle Eveninrealnewsarticles，headlinessometimesoverstateorsimpli

31、fythepointsofthearticles.Beforereacting，readthearticlecarefullytomakesureyouunderstandthewholecontext.Sometimestheclaimsoffakenewsarticlesbecomemoreridiculousasthearticlesgoon. Considerthesource Ifyou’veneverheardofapublication，checkthe“About”sectiononitswebsite.Fakenewssitesoftenlacksuchapage，pro

32、videlittleinformationorevenadmitthattheyarefake.Alsocheckanonlinearticle’sURL；ifitendswith“.com.co”，it’sprobablyafakenewssite. 36.Whatdoweknowaboutlegalnewssites? A.Theymakegrammaticalmistakes. B.Theyapplyoverstatedheadlines. C.Theycapitalizeeveryletterinasentence. D.Theyusesomeexclamationmar

33、ksatoneplace. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Checktheirgrammar部分的內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹了如何從語法層面來區(qū)別真實(shí)新聞和假新聞，A、C和D項(xiàng)都屬于假新聞的特點(diǎn)；再根據(jù)Readthewholearticle部分的第一句可知，選B。 37.Whichofthefollowingsourcesisprobablyreal? A.ABCNewswhoseURL.co. B.WTOE5NewswhosearticleshaveaURL. C.PolitiFactwhose“About”pageisindetail. D.BostonTribunewhose“C

34、ontactUs”onlyhasanaddress. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“checkthe‘About’sectiononitswebsite.Fakenewssitesoftenlacksuchapage，providelittleinformation”可知，新聞出版方的網(wǎng)站如果有“About”欄目頁，且內(nèi)容詳細(xì)，那么該新聞的來源就可能是真實(shí)的，選C。 B (2019·江蘇高三第二次百校聯(lián)考) Thekeytogettingpeopletoworktogethereffectivelycouldbegivingthemthefreedomtochoose

35、theircollaborators(合作者) andthecomfortofworkingwithestablishedcontacts，newresearchsuggests. Inthestudy，DavidMelamed，anassistantprofessorofsociologyattheOhioStateUniversityandleadauthorofthestudy，andhisco-authorsfoundparticipantsthroughtheAmazonMechanicalTurkwebsite—aservicethatallowsresearcherstohir

36、epeoplefromaroundtheworldforavarietyofpurposes.Forthisstudy，allparticipantswerefromtheUnitedStates. Thosewhoagreedtoparticipateplayedonlinegamesinwhicheachplayerstartedoutwith1,000monetaryunitsthattranslatedto$1inrealmoneytheycouldpocket.Ifoneplayeragreedtopayanotherplayer50monetaryunits，thatsecond

37、personwouldactuallyacquire100units.Eachofthe16-roundgamesincludedabout25participants，someofwhomparticipatedinmultiplegames.Inall，810peopleparticipatedintheresearch. Someofthegamesincludedrandomnetworks，wherecertainpeoplecouldinteract.Othersincludedclustered(群集的) networks，inwhichasmallgrouphadmultip

38、leconnections—anarrangementthatwasdesignedtomimic(模擬) reallife，wherehumansoftenruntheirlivesinpacks.Andthenetworkswereeitherstatic(靜態(tài)的) ordynamic(動態(tài)的).Instaticnetworks，aplayercouldinteractonlywiththeappointedpartners.Indynamicnetworks，participantscouldcuttheirtieswithanotherplayerandformnewconnectio

39、ns.Furthermore，someofthegamesincludedreputationinformation.Participantswerelabeledbasedontheirhistoryofwillingnesstosharemoney.Theideawastotestwhetherthoseknowntocollaboratewerefavoredbyotherplayersbasedonreputation—afactorshowninpreviousresearchtoplayasignificantroleinwhetherapersonislikelytopartne

40、rwithanother. Melamedandhisresearchpartnersweresurprisedtofindthatwhetherpeoplearelikelytopartnerwithothershadnothingtodowithreputationinthisstudy.Thefindingsmighthavedepartedfrompreviousstudiesbecauseofthedifferenceinsizeandstudydesign，hesaid，explainingthatmuchofthepreviousworkinthisareawasconduct

41、edingroupsof100orfewerandmostlyinvolvedstudentsubjects.TheTurknetworkusedforthenewstudyhasbeenshowntoberepresentativeoftheU.S.populationintermsofage，raceandotherfactorsandtheintroducedplayershadnopreviousconnections. Cooperationratesoverallwerehigh—andhighestwhentheparticipantswerecooperatinginclus

42、tersandhadtheabilitytodropapartnerinfavorofanother.“Whatreallyseemstomatteristheabilitytochangethestructureofanetwork，”Melamedsaid.“Andthepatternsofrelationshipsalsomadeadifference.Thoseinaknownclusterwithmultipleconnectionscooperatedmore.” 語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，讓人們有效合作的關(guān)鍵在于讓他們有選擇合作者的自由，以及與已建立聯(lián)系的人

43、一起工作的舒適感。David Melamed領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究的目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么導(dǎo)致人們最愿意合作。 38.WhatdidDavidMelamedandhispartnersdofortheirstudy? A.Theyhired810peopleglobally. B.Theygaveeachparticipant$1,000. C.Theydesigned16-roundonlinegames. D.Theyaskedeachparticipanttotakepartinonlyonegame. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Eachofthe16-roundga

44、mesincludedabout25participants，someofwhomparticipatedinmultiplegames.Inall，810peopleparticipatedintheresearch.”可知，DavidMelamed和他的伙伴們在他們的研究中設(shè)計(jì)了16輪在線游戲。故選C。 39.Comparedwithpreviousresearch，thenewstudyfoundthat. A.reputationplayednoroleincooperation B.studentsubjectsweremorelikelytopartnerwithothers

45、 C.playershavingconnectionsbeforetheyweremorecooperative D.cooperationrateswereinfluencedbyage，raceandotherfactors 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Melamedandhisresearchpartnersweresurprisedtofindthatwhetherpeoplearelikelytopartnerwithothershadnothingtodowithreputationinthisstudy.Thefindingsmighthavedepart

46、edfrompreviousstudiesbecauseofthedifferenceinsizeandstudydesign”可知，與之前的研究相比，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)聲譽(yù)在合作中沒有作用。故選A。 40.ItcanbeinferredthatthepurposeofthestudyledbyDavidMelamedistodiscover. A.howtochangethepatternsofrelationships B.whatleadspeopletocollaboratemostwillingly C.whatkindofpersonisthemostpopularinateam

47、 D.whetherit’spropertodropapartnerinfavorofanother 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，DavidMelamed領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究的目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么導(dǎo)致人們最愿意合作。故選B。 C PeoplewithDown’ssyndrome(唐氏綜合征) whotakegreenteasupplementsfrominfancyarelesslikelytodevelopthefacialfeaturesofthecondition.Butresearchershavewarnedthatparentsshouldn’tgivethese

48、supplementstotheirchildrenuntilasafedose(劑量) hasbeendetermined. Down’ssyndromearisesfromhavingallorpartofanextrachromosome(染色體)，whichcanleadtoarangeofcharacteristics，includingintellectualdisabilityandfacialdifferences.SomeofthesecharacteristicsseemtobepartlyduetohavingtoomuchofasubstancecalledDYRK1

49、A. MaraDierssenattheCentreforGenomicRegulationinSpainandhercolleagueshavebeeninvestigatingtheeffectsofacompoundingreenteacalledepigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)，whichisknowntopreventDYRK1Afromdeveloping. EGCGisn’tanapprovedtreatmentyet，butsomeparentshavealreadystartedgivingitasasupplementtochildren

50、withDown’ssyndrome，prompted(鼓勵(lì)) bystudiesthatsuggestitmaybringsomebenefits.Theresearcherslookedat13suchchildren，andcomparedtheirfaceswithchildrenwithDown’ssyndromewhoweren’ttakingEGCG，aswellaschildrenwithoutthecondition.EGCGappearedtohavelittleeffectwhenchildrenstartedtakingitaftertheageof3.Butsixof

51、thesevenchildrenwhobegantakingitbeforetheyturned3hadfacesthatmatchedorcloselyresembledthoseofchildrenwithoutthecondition. TheteamhadpreviouslyfoundthatyoungadultswithDown’ssyndromewhotookEGCGforayearperformedslightlybetterintestsofmemoryandreasoning.TheEGCGdosewasequivalenttodrinkingeightcupsofgree

52、nteaperday.ExperimentswithmicehaveshownthatearlyEGCGtreatmentdoesseemtochangeface，skullandlimbbonedevelopment. MinimizingfacialvariationmayreducetheshamefulfeelingofpeoplewhosufferfromDown’ssyndrome，saysLindaGilmoreattheQueenslandUniversityofTechnologyinAustralia.Butthereareethicalquestionsaboutwhe

53、therweshouldtryto“normalize”peoplewholookdifferent，shesays.FamilieshavedifferentattitudestoraisingchildrenwithDown’ssyndrome，saysGilmore.“Somearekeentotryanythingthatmightmakethingseasier，eventreatmentsthathavenotbeenestablishedscientifically，”shesays.“Othersdon’twanttochangetheperson.” Thestudywas

54、small，andcan’tprovideclearconclusionsasthechildrentooksupplementsfordifferentamountsoftime.ButJeanMauriceDelabarattheBrainandSpineInstituteinParissaysthefindingswarrant(使……有必要) larger-scalestudiesinyoungchildren.However，itisimportanttodeterminethecorrectdose，hesays，becausemousestudiessuggestthatvery

55、highamountsofEGCGcancauseseverefacialandskeletalabnormalities. DelabaradvisesparentsnottogiveEGCGtotheirchildrenuntilmoreresearchhasbeendone.“Non-prescribeduseofthiscompoundisriskyatthisstage，”HelenLeonardattheTelethonKidsInstituteinAustraliaagrees，butsaysitcanbehardforfamiliestowaitfortheoutcomeso

56、flong-runningclinicaltrials.“Thatmeanstheearlierthisresearchcanbedone，thebetter，”shesays. 語篇解讀　文章講述了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)綠茶中的一種成分可能會使唐氏綜合征患兒的面部有較小的改變，但是這種療法還沒有確定用量，需要進(jìn)一步的研究。 41.Accordingtothepassage，EGCG. A.seemstobeeffectiveintreatingpatientsofacertainage B.isasubstancecontributingtothegrowthofgreentea C.h

57、asbeenapprovedforuseintreatingDown’ssyndrome D.isoftenusedtoimprovepeople’smemoryandreasoning 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后三句可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，EGCG只對特定年齡段(3歲以下)的唐氏綜合征患者有效。 42.WhichofthefollowingmightLindaGilmoreagreewith? A.Parentsshouldforcechildrentogetpropertreatment. B.Patientsmayfeellessshamefulwithlessfac

58、ialvariation. C.Familiesshouldwaitfortheoutcomesoftheclinicaltrials. D.LargeamountsofEGCGmaybeharmfultoyoungpatients. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“MinimizingfacialvariationmayreducetheshamefulfeelingofpeoplewhosufferfromDown’ssyndrome”可知，LindaGilmore認(rèn)為減少面部變化會減少患者的羞恥感。故選B項(xiàng)。 43.WhatisJeanMauriceDelabar

59、’sattitudetowardsgivingchildrenEGCGtreatment? A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Unfavourable. D.Cautious. 答案　D 解析　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“DelabaradvisesparentsnottogiveEGCGtotheirchildrenuntilmoreresearchhasbeendone.”可知，JeanMauriceDelabar建議父母們不要在進(jìn)一步的研究結(jié)果出來之前給他們的孩子服用EGCG，因此她的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。 44.Whatcouldbethebesttit

60、leofthepassage? A.WhyDoChildrenDevelopDown’sSyndrome? B.TheChallengesforTreatingDown’sSyndrome C.CanGreenTeaAffectDown’sFacialFeatures? D.NewWaystoCureDown’sSyndrome 答案　C 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。整篇文章講述了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)綠茶中的一種成分可能會使唐氏綜合征患兒的面部有較小的改變，但是這種療法還沒有確定用量，需要進(jìn)一步的研究。故C項(xiàng)作為文章的標(biāo)題最合適。 D (2019·江蘇七市高三二調(diào)) UNscholarshav

61、ecalculatedthatwithinthenext10yearsthedegradation(退化) offarmandgrasslandcouldturn50millionpeopleintomigrants.AnotherUNagencycalculatedthatinthelast25years，another3%oftheplanet’sforestshadbeenburnedorcutdown. OnceyouhavereadGaiaVince’sbook，youstarttoregisterthescaleofchangeinafast-changingworld.Adve

62、nturesintheAnthropoceneholdsamirroruptohumanityandsays：lookwhatyouhavedonetotheworld，theonlyworldyouwilleverhave. TheAnthropocene—theAgeofMan—isaproposednewnameforthequaternary(第四紀(jì)) periodthatwenowlivein，anditincludeswhathascometobecalledtheGreatAcceleration，inwhichduringthelast65years，whateverhuma

63、nsdid，theydiditfasterandmoreeffectively，andonagreaterscale，whileatthesametimereproducingmoreanddyingmuchless. Didittake50,000yearstoreachapopulationofonebillion？Justinthelast10years，anotherbillionpeopleappearedontheplanet，andbytheendofthiscentury，itcouldbehometo9，or10，or11billionsouls，eachofwhichwi

64、llhopefortheminimumtosustainhealthandcontentment.Manyofthemwilldemandalotmore，whichiswheretheproblemsbegin.Tobuildcities，pavehighwaysandestablishfactories，humansdecadesagobecamethegreatestearth-movingforceontheplanet：theyeachyearshiftmorerockandsoilthanthewindandtherain，theriversandtheglaciers(冰川) c

65、ombined. Citiesnowcover2%oftheplanet’sland：by2030，thiswillbe10%.Overthenext80years，thespecieswillbuildacityforonemillionpeopleevery10days.Tokeepthesecitiesfunctioning，humanswillconsume18terawattsofenergyandby2020，around5billionofthemwillhavesmartphones，andInternetaccess，andalreadypeoplewhoaremisera

66、blypoorcansee，atafinger’stouch，whattheyaremissing，andwantitforthemselves，andinthecourseoftryingtogetit，consumemoreresourcesandcausedestructiontoecosystem. Anyonewhoreadsthisbookwillhavenoexcusefornotthinkingaboutit.Vincedoesn’tjustcollectthestatisticsofexploitationanddestruction，shegoestoseeforherselfwhattheymean.Likeagoodreporter，shetriestoseebothsides：sheexploresboththehumandestructionandthebeneficialandsometimesamazingsolutionsthathumanwisdomcandeliver.Shedoesthelegworktoo：shecl