（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 考前沖刺卷（一）牛津譯林版

考前沖刺卷(一)第一部分聽(tīng)力(略)第二部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1.Wehopethatcleanenergycanbepromotedacrossthecountryenvironmentalpollutioncanbegreatlyreduced.A.incaseB.nowthatC.sothatD.asif答案C解析句意為：我們希望清潔能源能夠在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)得到推廣，以便環(huán)境污染可以大幅減少。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“為了，以便”，應(yīng)用sothat。incase“假如，如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句多位于主句之前；incase“以防，以免”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句多位于主句之后，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣；nowthat“既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；asif“好像”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。2.ChinaRailwaysaidtennewrailwayswouldbeputintoservicebytheendof2018to_thecapabilityofChinashigh-speedrail.A.heightenB.innovateC.inspectD.interpret答案A解析句意為：中國(guó)鐵路總公司稱，到2018年年底，十條新鐵路將投入使用，以提升中國(guó)高速鐵路的(運(yùn)載)能力。heighten提升，提高，符合語(yǔ)境。innovate創(chuàng)新，改革；inspect檢查，審視；interpret詮釋，說(shuō)明。3.Afterknowinghisfailingtheexam，Albertsatquietlyforawhilebytheriverbank，thinkingofwhatitmighthavebeenifhehard.A.couldstudyB.hadstudiedC.studiedD.studies答案B解析句意為：得知自己考試沒(méi)通過(guò)后，艾伯特在河岸邊靜靜地坐了一會(huì)兒，尋思著如果當(dāng)初自己努力學(xué)習(xí)的話結(jié)果會(huì)如何。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，此處考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且表示對(duì)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況的虛擬，故從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“had過(guò)去分詞”形式。故選B。4.Overthelastfiveyears，UNICEFhasbeenbuildingtheabilitytodriveresearchanddevelopmentforproductstomeettheneedsofchildrenthatarenotyetreadilyavailable.A.conventionalB.foreignC.essentialD.sufficient答案C解析句意為：在過(guò)去五年中，聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)一直致力于推動(dòng)研究和開(kāi)發(fā)那些兒童還不能方便獲得但卻對(duì)滿足其需求至關(guān)重要的產(chǎn)品。essential必不可少的，極其重要的，符合語(yǔ)境。conventional傳統(tǒng)的；foreign非典型的，陌生的；sufficient足夠的。5.AsalargenumberofglobalcompanieshaveparticipatedinthefirstCIIE，itisaclear_thatChinasgoingtofurtheropenitsmarkets，andmanyopportunitiescanbefoundinthecountry.A.sceneB.signalC.featureD.image答案B解析句意為：大量跨國(guó)公司參加了首屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)，這清楚地表明，中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步開(kāi)放其市場(chǎng)，并且在中國(guó)可能找到許多機(jī)會(huì)。signal標(biāo)志，預(yù)示，信號(hào)，符合語(yǔ)境。scene場(chǎng)面，情景；feature特征；image畫(huà)像。6.Themanagerkeepsherearprettyclosetothegroundandusuallytellyouwhatthemoodofthestaffis.A.mustB.willC.shallD.can答案D解析句意為：經(jīng)理很留心周圍的情況，她總能告訴你員工的情緒如何。根據(jù)句意，這里表示“能夠”，應(yīng)用can。7.Whenreadingthemostinterestingpartofthestory，Bobburstintolaughter，notknowingthattheothersinthelibraryhim.A.stareatB.arestaringatC.werestaringatD.hadstaredat答案C解析句意為：讀到故事最有趣的部分時(shí)，鮑勃不禁放聲大笑，沒(méi)有察覺(jué)到圖書(shū)館里的其他人都在盯著他看。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。8.Ifyoupersonallyfeelthatadecisionisunjustandunfair，youshouldyourselfandvoiceyourdisagreement.A.giveuponB.standupforC.lookuptoD.putupwith答案B解析句意為：如果你個(gè)人覺(jué)得某個(gè)決定有失公允，你就應(yīng)該維護(hù)自己(的利益)，說(shuō)出自己的不同意見(jiàn)。standupfor支持，維護(hù)，符合語(yǔ)境。giveupon對(duì)不再抱希望(或不再相信)；lookupto尊敬；putupwith忍受。9.Speechisrelatedtointeractionbetweenamotherandachildthemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechildscryingandsmiling，andrespondstohimorher.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that答案A解析句意為：言語(yǔ)能力與母親和孩子之間的交流有關(guān)，在這種交流過(guò)程中母親可以從孩子的哭和笑中辨別出一些信號(hào)，并且給予他/她回應(yīng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是interaction，在從句中表示抽象的地點(diǎn)概念，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用where。故選A。10.AnoilfieldintheGobiDeserthardlycallsupvisionsofanideallivingenvironment，butwiththeeffortsofdecades，apleasantlifeforitscitizensinthecityofKaramay.A.createsB.iscreatingC.hasbeencreatedD.willbecreated答案C解析句意為：戈壁沙漠中的一個(gè)油田幾乎喚不起(人們)對(duì)理想生活環(huán)境的憧憬，但經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的努力，克拉瑪依市已經(jīng)為其居民創(chuàng)造了一種愉快的生活。根據(jù)句中的“withtheeffortsofdecades”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作給現(xiàn)在造成的影響；又create與life之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選C。11.SKGlobalannouncedithasnotyetdecidedChinaRichGirlfriendwouldbeaformalco-productionbetweenChinaandtheUS，althoughitwascertainthefilmwouldbefilmedinShanghai.A.whetherB.whatC.howD.that答案A解析句意為：SKGlobal宣布，盡管可以肯定中國(guó)富豪女友這部影片將在上海拍攝，但是影片是否會(huì)成為中美之間的正式聯(lián)合制作還尚未決定。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句中的“ithasnotyetdecided”可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且表示“是否”，應(yīng)用whether。12.RunningtotheSpring，afilmthe40thanniversaryofChinasreformandopening-up，wasshownincinemasnationwidefromDec.14，2018.A.inresponsetoB.inhonorofC.inreturnforD.incelebrationof答案D解析句意為：慶祝中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放四十周年的電影春天的馬拉松自2018年12月14日起在全國(guó)各影院上映。incelebrationof為慶祝，符合語(yǔ)境。inresponseto作為對(duì)的回應(yīng)；inhonorof紀(jì)念，為向表示敬意；inreturnfor作為對(duì)的回報(bào)。13.Johnisanorganicchemist，andthisishisfirstexposuretoacommunityofworld-famousbiologists，onethatincludedinthefield.A.aJekyllandHydeB.agoodSamaritanC.atoughnutD.aleadinglight答案D解析句意為：約翰是一名有機(jī)化學(xué)家，這是他第一次接觸世界著名的生物學(xué)家團(tuán)體，其中的一名生物學(xué)家是該領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)軍人物。aleadinglight(某活動(dòng)范圍內(nèi))重要的活躍人物，受敬重的人物，符合語(yǔ)境。aJekyllandHyde雙重人格者；agoodSamaritan樂(lè)善好施者；atoughnut難對(duì)付的人。14.Wehaveadvertisedournewproductandwedliketoseeitaroundtheworld.A.promotingB.promotedC.promoteD.beingpromoted答案B解析句意為：我們已經(jīng)給我們的新產(chǎn)品做了廣告，我們想看到的是它在全球范圍內(nèi)得到推廣。句中的it代指ournewproduct，promote和it是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故選B。15.Youseemedtobeimpressedbythechildactorsskills.Iwasimpressedmorebyhiscourage.A.YouhavegotmethereB.YoucansaythatagainC.NotexactlyD.Notlikely答案C解析句意為：你似乎對(duì)那個(gè)兒童演員的演技印象深刻。不完全是。他的勇氣更打動(dòng)我。notexactly“不完全如此”，用于糾正對(duì)方剛說(shuō)過(guò)的話，符合語(yǔ)境。youhavegotmethere你把我難倒了，你把我問(wèn)住了；youcansaythatagain你說(shuō)得真對(duì)，表示完全同意某人的意見(jiàn)；notlikely不可能。第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Ididmyfirstwing-walktwoyearsago，onmy86birthday.ThenlastJune，aged88，Ididitagainand16myownrecordastheworldsoldest17wing-walker.Therewassomethingaboutbeingstrapped(捆扎) tothe18ofabright-yellow1944BoeingStearmanthat19myimagination.Itsveryexciting.Thefirstexperiencewasnothingbuttame.Thisyear，Isaidtothe20，“Canyoumakeitabitmoreadventuresome？”Hesaid，“Icoulddoaloop-the-loop (翻筋斗) ifyoulike？”Thistime，he21doinghalfaloopwhichwasveryeffective.Yougodownabit，thenstraightup.AllIfeltwasabit22，becauseitwaswindy.Butyouare23strapped.Thepilotmakessureeverythingis24.Ihadgloveson，earplugsandlotsoflayers，whichprotectedme.Bothtimes，we25fromGloucestershireAirportandwereintheairfor15minutes.Youdontsitonthewingyousiton26lookslikeachair.Iwasntnervous.Butwhenyoulookatthepropellers(螺旋槳)，youdofeelalittlestrange.Youre27atthebeginningthatitsa28dangerousactivityandthingscouldgowrong.However，Isaid，“Well，at88whatdoesit29？Youvegottogosometimeandyoumightaswellgoinaflameof30.”Atmyage，alotofpeopleare31intheirways.Idontthinkanyofmy32frommyretirementhomewantsto33me.IimaginemostofthemthinkIm34asawoman.ButIdothinkpeopleofmyageshouldbedoingmore35things.Youshouldntsitbackandfeelsorryforyourself.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。本文作者是一位88歲的老太太，她勇于挑戰(zhàn)極限運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)翼行走。而且，她還呼吁更多的老年人不要服老，要勇于挑戰(zhàn)自我。16.A.keptB.brokeC.savedD.protected答案B解析上一句提到作者在86歲時(shí)開(kāi)始了第一次機(jī)翼行走，這里是說(shuō)作者88歲時(shí)“打破(break)”了自己的紀(jì)錄。breakonesrecord打破某人的紀(jì)錄。故選B。17.A.doctorB.repairC.maleD.female答案D解析根據(jù)最后一段中的“asawoman”可知，作者是世界上年齡最大的“女性(female)”機(jī)翼行走者。故選D。18.A.wingB.headC.tailD.bottom答案A解析根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“myfirstwing-walk”可知，作者參與的探險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)是在飛機(jī)的“機(jī)翼(wing)”上行走。故選A。19.A.practisedB.displayedC.inspiredD.broadened答案C解析inspireonesimagination激發(fā)了某人的想象力。故選C。20.A.driverB.pilotC.guideD.director答案B解析根據(jù)上文作者要進(jìn)行機(jī)翼行走可知，此處指作者在跟“飛行員(pilot)”說(shuō)話，故選B。21.A.turnedupB.gaveupC.tookupD.endedup答案D解析聯(lián)系上一段最后一句可知，作者對(duì)飛行員提出冒險(xiǎn)性的要求后，飛行員說(shuō)自己可以做到讓飛機(jī)在空中翻筋斗。所以此處是說(shuō)飛行員最終采用了半循環(huán)的飛行方式“結(jié)束”。endupdoingsth.以做某事結(jié)束。故選D。22.A.shakyB.dizzyC.shinyD.clumsy答案A解析根據(jù)該空后的“itwaswindy”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)有風(fēng)，所以飛行過(guò)程中飛機(jī)稍微有點(diǎn)“搖晃(shaky)”。故選A。23.A.tightlyB.largelyC.safelyD.correctly答案C解析上文提到風(fēng)很大飛機(jī)會(huì)搖晃，但是你是被“安全地(safely)”固定著的。故選C。24.A.specialB.secureC.cautiousD.accessible答案B解析根據(jù)下一句可知，飛行員在飛行的過(guò)程中要確保一切是“安全的(secure)”，故選B。25.A.letoutB.gotthroughC.brokeupD.tookoff答案D解析根據(jù)該空后的內(nèi)容可知，飛機(jī)在機(jī)場(chǎng)“起飛(takeoff)”，15分鐘后到達(dá)空中，故選D。letout發(fā)出(叫聲等)；getthrough順利通過(guò)，接通；breakup粉碎，解散。26.A.whatB.howC.whereD.that答案A解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為賓語(yǔ)從句。主句缺賓語(yǔ)，從句缺主語(yǔ)，表示具體事物，用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，故選A。27.A.chargedB.allowedC.warnedD.cheated答案C解析根據(jù)下文的“dangerousactivity”可知，這是一項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)的活動(dòng)，所以參加者起初一定會(huì)被“提醒，警告(warn)”，故選C。28.A.actuallyB.potentiallyC.doubtfullyD.certainly答案B解析這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)在進(jìn)行之前已經(jīng)基本保證了行走者的安全性，但也有潛在的危險(xiǎn)性。potentially潛在地，可能地。故選B。29.A.meanB.liveC.dreamD.matter答案D解析在作者看來(lái)，她已經(jīng)88歲了，即使出意外，那又有什么“關(guān)系”呢？故選D。matter有關(guān)系；要緊，有影響。30.A.gloryB.silenceC.memoryD.ash答案A解析在作者看來(lái)，自己已經(jīng)活到88了，即使出了意外，也是以一種“光榮(glory)”的方式結(jié)束自己的生命。故選A。31.A.criticizedB.beatenC.stuckD.washed答案C解析作者認(rèn)為在步入老年階段后，很多人都會(huì)“受困于”自己的生活方式。bestuckin卡住；陷入；困于；被纏住。32.A.leadersB.friendsC.opponentsD.relatives答案B解析作者不認(rèn)為周圍已經(jīng)退休的“朋友們(friends)”中會(huì)有人想和自己一樣勇于挑戰(zhàn)，故選B。33.A.persuadeB.praiseC.joinD.win答案C解析作者認(rèn)為周圍的朋友們受困于各自的生活方式而不會(huì)“加入(join)”到作者的冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)中來(lái)，故選C。34.A.crazyB.braveC.calmD.steady答案A解析作者認(rèn)為那些安于現(xiàn)狀的人不僅不會(huì)加入，還會(huì)認(rèn)為作者是“瘋狂的(crazy)”，故選A。35.A.academicB.difficultC.adventurousD.ridiculous答案C解析根據(jù)第二段中的“abitmoreadventuresome”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己這個(gè)年齡段的人應(yīng)該去做更多“冒險(xiǎn)的(adventurous)”事情。故選C。academic學(xué)術(shù)的；difficult困難的；ridiculous荒謬的。第三部分閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AYouveprobablyheardpeopleexpressingalarmaboutthespreadof“fakenews”storiesthatlooklikenewsarticlesbutdescribethingsthatneverhappened.Spreadingfakenewsembarrassesyouandharmsothers，sofollowthesestepstomakesureyouonlysharerealnews.ChecktheirgrammarLegal news sites check their grammar carefully，so articles with many errors are usually fake.Also watch out for sentences all written in capital letters and the use of multiple exclamation points(感嘆號(hào)) at the ends of sentences. These are designed to bring about an emotional reaction，but they arent considered professional，so trustworthy publications dont use them.ReadthewholearticleEveninrealnewsarticles，headlinessometimesoverstateorsimplifythepointsofthearticles.Beforereacting，readthearticlecarefullytomakesureyouunderstandthewholecontext.Sometimestheclaimsoffakenewsarticlesbecomemoreridiculousasthearticlesgoon.ConsiderthesourceIfyouveneverheardofapublication，checkthe“About”sectiononitswebsite.Fakenewssitesoftenlacksuchapage，providelittleinformationorevenadmitthattheyarefake.AlsocheckanonlinearticlesURL；ifitendswith“.com.co”，itsprobablyafakenewssite.36.Whatdoweknowaboutlegalnewssites?A.Theymakegrammaticalmistakes.B.Theyapplyoverstatedheadlines.C.Theycapitalizeeveryletterinasentence.D.Theyusesomeexclamationmarksatoneplace.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Checktheirgrammar部分的內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹了如何從語(yǔ)法層面來(lái)區(qū)別真實(shí)新聞和假新聞，A、C和D項(xiàng)都屬于假新聞的特點(diǎn)；再根據(jù)Readthewholearticle部分的第一句可知，選B。37.Whichofthefollowingsourcesisprobablyreal?A.ABCNewswhoseURL.co.B.WTOE5NewswhosearticleshaveaURL.C.PolitiFactwhose“About”pageisindetail.D.BostonTribunewhose“ContactUs”onlyhasanaddress.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“checktheAboutsectiononitswebsite.Fakenewssitesoftenlacksuchapage，providelittleinformation”可知，新聞出版方的網(wǎng)站如果有“About”欄目頁(yè)，且內(nèi)容詳細(xì)，那么該新聞的來(lái)源就可能是真實(shí)的，選C。B(2019·江蘇高三第二次百校聯(lián)考)Thekeytogettingpeopletoworktogethereffectivelycouldbegivingthemthefreedomtochoosetheircollaborators(合作者) andthecomfortofworkingwithestablishedcontacts，newresearchsuggests.Inthestudy，DavidMelamed，anassistantprofessorofsociologyattheOhioStateUniversityandleadauthorofthestudy，andhisco-authorsfoundparticipantsthroughtheAmazonMechanicalTurkwebsiteaservicethatallowsresearcherstohirepeoplefromaroundtheworldforavarietyofpurposes.Forthisstudy，allparticipantswerefromtheUnitedStates.Thosewhoagreedtoparticipateplayedonlinegamesinwhicheachplayerstartedoutwith1,000monetaryunitsthattranslatedto$1inrealmoneytheycouldpocket.Ifoneplayeragreedtopayanotherplayer50monetaryunits，thatsecondpersonwouldactuallyacquire100units.Eachofthe16-roundgamesincludedabout25participants，someofwhomparticipatedinmultiplegames.Inall，810peopleparticipatedintheresearch.Someofthegamesincludedrandomnetworks，wherecertainpeoplecouldinteract.Othersincludedclustered(群集的) networks，inwhichasmallgrouphadmultipleconnectionsanarrangementthatwasdesignedtomimic(模擬) reallife，wherehumansoftenruntheirlivesinpacks.Andthenetworkswereeitherstatic(靜態(tài)的) ordynamic(動(dòng)態(tài)的).Instaticnetworks，aplayercouldinteractonlywiththeappointedpartners.Indynamicnetworks，participantscouldcuttheirtieswithanotherplayerandformnewconnections.Furthermore，someofthegamesincludedreputationinformation.Participantswerelabeledbasedontheirhistoryofwillingnesstosharemoney.Theideawastotestwhetherthoseknowntocollaboratewerefavoredbyotherplayersbasedonreputationafactorshowninpreviousresearchtoplayasignificantroleinwhetherapersonislikelytopartnerwithanother.Melamedandhisresearchpartnersweresurprisedtofindthatwhetherpeoplearelikelytopartnerwithothershadnothingtodowithreputationinthisstudy.Thefindingsmighthavedepartedfrompreviousstudiesbecauseofthedifferenceinsizeandstudydesign，hesaid，explainingthatmuchofthepreviousworkinthisareawasconductedingroupsof100orfewerandmostlyinvolvedstudentsubjects.TheTurknetworkusedforthenewstudyhasbeenshowntoberepresentativeoftheU.S.populationintermsofage，raceandotherfactorsandtheintroducedplayershadnopreviousconnections.Cooperationratesoverallwerehighandhighestwhentheparticipantswerecooperatinginclustersandhadtheabilitytodropapartnerinfavorofanother.“Whatreallyseemstomatteristheabilitytochangethestructureofanetwork，”Melamedsaid.“Andthepatternsofrelationshipsalsomadeadifference.Thoseinaknownclusterwithmultipleconnectionscooperatedmore.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，讓人們有效合作的關(guān)鍵在于讓他們有選擇合作者的自由，以及與已建立聯(lián)系的人一起工作的舒適感。David Melamed領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究的目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么導(dǎo)致人們最愿意合作。38.WhatdidDavidMelamedandhispartnersdofortheirstudy?A.Theyhired810peopleglobally.B.Theygaveeachparticipant$1,000.C.Theydesigned16-roundonlinegames.D.Theyaskedeachparticipanttotakepartinonlyonegame.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Eachofthe16-roundgamesincludedabout25participants，someofwhomparticipatedinmultiplegames.Inall，810peopleparticipatedintheresearch.”可知，DavidMelamed和他的伙伴們?cè)谒麄兊难芯恐性O(shè)計(jì)了16輪在線游戲。故選C。39.Comparedwithpreviousresearch，thenewstudyfoundthat.A.reputationplayednoroleincooperationB.studentsubjectsweremorelikelytopartnerwithothersC.playershavingconnectionsbeforetheyweremorecooperativeD.cooperationrateswereinfluencedbyage，raceandotherfactors答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Melamedandhisresearchpartnersweresurprisedtofindthatwhetherpeoplearelikelytopartnerwithothershadnothingtodowithreputationinthisstudy.Thefindingsmighthavedepartedfrompreviousstudiesbecauseofthedifferenceinsizeandstudydesign”可知，與之前的研究相比，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)聲譽(yù)在合作中沒(méi)有作用。故選A。40.ItcanbeinferredthatthepurposeofthestudyledbyDavidMelamedistodiscover.A.howtochangethepatternsofrelationshipsB.whatleadspeopletocollaboratemostwillinglyC.whatkindofpersonisthemostpopularinateamD.whetheritspropertodropapartnerinfavorofanother答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，DavidMelamed領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究的目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么導(dǎo)致人們最愿意合作。故選B。CPeoplewithDownssyndrome(唐氏綜合征) whotakegreenteasupplementsfrominfancyarelesslikelytodevelopthefacialfeaturesofthecondition.Butresearchershavewarnedthatparentsshouldntgivethesesupplementstotheirchildrenuntilasafedose(劑量) hasbeendetermined.Downssyndromearisesfromhavingallorpartofanextrachromosome(染色體)，whichcanleadtoarangeofcharacteristics，includingintellectualdisabilityandfacialdifferences.SomeofthesecharacteristicsseemtobepartlyduetohavingtoomuchofasubstancecalledDYRK1A.MaraDierssenattheCentreforGenomicRegulationinSpainandhercolleagueshavebeeninvestigatingtheeffectsofacompoundingreenteacalledepigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)，whichisknowntopreventDYRK1Afromdeveloping.EGCGisntanapprovedtreatmentyet，butsomeparentshavealreadystartedgivingitasasupplementtochildrenwithDownssyndrome，prompted(鼓勵(lì)) bystudiesthatsuggestitmaybringsomebenefits.Theresearcherslookedat13suchchildren，andcomparedtheirfaceswithchildrenwithDownssyndromewhowerenttakingEGCG，aswellaschildrenwithoutthecondition.EGCGappearedtohavelittleeffectwhenchildrenstartedtakingitaftertheageof3.Butsixofthesevenchildrenwhobegantakingitbeforetheyturned3hadfacesthatmatchedorcloselyresembledthoseofchildrenwithoutthecondition.TheteamhadpreviouslyfoundthatyoungadultswithDownssyndromewhotookEGCGforayearperformedslightlybetterintestsofmemoryandreasoning.TheEGCGdosewasequivalenttodrinkingeightcupsofgreenteaperday.ExperimentswithmicehaveshownthatearlyEGCGtreatmentdoesseemtochangeface，skullandlimbbonedevelopment.MinimizingfacialvariationmayreducetheshamefulfeelingofpeoplewhosufferfromDownssyndrome，saysLindaGilmoreattheQueenslandUniversityofTechnologyinAustralia.Butthereareethicalquestionsaboutwhetherweshouldtryto“normalize”peoplewholookdifferent，shesays.FamilieshavedifferentattitudestoraisingchildrenwithDownssyndrome，saysGilmore.“Somearekeentotryanythingthatmightmakethingseasier，eventreatmentsthathavenotbeenestablishedscientifically，”shesays.“Othersdontwanttochangetheperson.”Thestudywassmall，andcantprovideclearconclusionsasthechildrentooksupplementsfordifferentamountsoftime.ButJeanMauriceDelabarattheBrainandSpineInstituteinParissaysthefindingswarrant(使有必要) larger-scalestudiesinyoungchildren.However，itisimportanttodeterminethecorrectdose，hesays，becausemousestudiessuggestthatveryhighamountsofEGCGcancauseseverefacialandskeletalabnormalities.DelabaradvisesparentsnottogiveEGCGtotheirchildrenuntilmoreresearchhasbeendone.“Non-prescribeduseofthiscompoundisriskyatthisstage，”HelenLeonardattheTelethonKidsInstituteinAustraliaagrees，butsaysitcanbehardforfamiliestowaitfortheoutcomesoflong-runningclinicaltrials.“Thatmeanstheearlierthisresearchcanbedone，thebetter，”shesays.語(yǔ)篇解讀文章講述了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)綠茶中的一種成分可能會(huì)使唐氏綜合征患兒的面部有較小的改變，但是這種療法還沒(méi)有確定用量，需要進(jìn)一步的研究。41.Accordingtothepassage，EGCG.A.seemstobeeffectiveintreatingpatientsofacertainageB.isasubstancecontributingtothegrowthofgreenteaC.hasbeenapprovedforuseintreatingDownssyndromeD.isoftenusedtoimprovepeoplesmemoryandreasoning答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后三句可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，EGCG只對(duì)特定年齡段(3歲以下)的唐氏綜合征患者有效。42.WhichofthefollowingmightLindaGilmoreagreewith?A.Parentsshouldforcechildrentogetpropertreatment.B.Patientsmayfeellessshamefulwithlessfacialvariation.C.Familiesshouldwaitfortheoutcomesoftheclinicaltrials.D.LargeamountsofEGCGmaybeharmfultoyoungpatients.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“MinimizingfacialvariationmayreducetheshamefulfeelingofpeoplewhosufferfromDownssyndrome”可知，LindaGilmore認(rèn)為減少面部變化會(huì)減少患者的羞恥感。故選B項(xiàng)。43.WhatisJeanMauriceDelabarsattitudetowardsgivingchildrenEGCGtreatment?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Unfavourable.D.Cautious.答案D解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“DelabaradvisesparentsnottogiveEGCGtotheirchildrenuntilmoreresearchhasbeendone.”可知，JeanMauriceDelabar建議父母?jìng)儾灰谶M(jìn)一步的研究結(jié)果出來(lái)之前給他們的孩子服用EGCG，因此她的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。44.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.WhyDoChildrenDevelopDownsSyndrome?B.TheChallengesforTreatingDownsSyndromeC.CanGreenTeaAffectDownsFacialFeatures?D.NewWaystoCureDownsSyndrome答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。整篇文章講述了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)綠茶中的一種成分可能會(huì)使唐氏綜合征患兒的面部有較小的改變，但是這種療法還沒(méi)有確定用量，需要進(jìn)一步的研究。故C項(xiàng)作為文章的標(biāo)題最合適。D(2019·江蘇七市高三二調(diào))UNscholarshavecalculatedthatwithinthenext10yearsthedegradation(退化) offarmandgrasslandcouldturn50millionpeopleintomigrants.AnotherUNagencycalculatedthatinthelast25years，another3%oftheplanetsforestshadbeenburnedorcutdown.OnceyouhavereadGaiaVincesbook，youstarttoregisterthescaleofchangeinafast-changingworld.AdventuresintheAnthropoceneholdsamirroruptohumanityandsays：lookwhatyouhavedonetotheworld，theonlyworldyouwilleverhave.TheAnthropocenetheAgeofManisaproposednewnameforthequaternary(第四紀(jì)) periodthatwenowlivein，anditincludeswhathascometobecalledtheGreatAcceleration，inwhichduringthelast65years，whateverhumansdid，theydiditfasterandmoreeffectively，andonagreaterscale，whileatthesametimereproducingmoreanddyingmuchless.Didittake50,000yearstoreachapopulationofonebillion？Justinthelast10years，anotherbillionpeopleappearedontheplanet，andbytheendofthiscentury，itcouldbehometo9，or10，or11billionsouls，eachofwhichwillhopefortheminimumtosustainhealthandcontentment.Manyofthemwilldemandalotmore，whichiswheretheproblemsbegin.Tobuildcities，pavehighwaysandestablishfactories，humansdecadesagobecamethegreatestearth-movingforceontheplanet：theyeachyearshiftmorerockandsoilthanthewindandtherain，theriversandtheglaciers(冰川) combined.Citiesnowcover2%oftheplanetsland：by2030，thiswillbe10%.Overthenext80years，thespecieswillbuildacityforonemillionpeopleevery10days.Tokeepthesecitiesfunctioning，humanswillconsume18terawattsofenergyandby2020，around5billionofthemwillhavesmartphones，andInternetaccess，andalreadypeoplewhoaremiserablypoorcansee，atafingerstouch，whattheyaremissing，andwantitforthemselves，andinthecourseoftryingtogetit，consumemoreresourcesandcausedestructiontoecosystem.Anyonewhoreadsthisbookwillhavenoexcusefornotthinkingaboutit.Vincedoesntjustcollectthestatisticsofexploitationanddestruction，shegoestoseeforherselfwhattheymean.Likeagoodreporter，shetriestoseebothsides：sheexploresboththehumandestructionandthebeneficialandsometimesamazingsolutionsthathumanwisdomcandeliver.Shedoesthelegworktoo：shecl