2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第16講 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)考查學(xué)案

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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第16講 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)考查學(xué)案語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的考查往往從詞組搭配、詞義辨析、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)等幾個(gè)方面設(shè)題，旨在讓學(xué)生日常學(xué)習(xí)中注重語(yǔ)言用法積累以便能在不同語(yǔ)境中正確地運(yùn)用它們。詞組搭配在語(yǔ)言知識(shí)考查中所占的比重最大。歷年高考完形填空選項(xiàng)中至少會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩道詞組題目。詞組一般以以下幾種形式出現(xiàn)：一、詞組搭配 1以簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞為中心介詞/副詞構(gòu)成的詞組辨析【答案和解析】B根據(jù)上文，此空需要“偏離道路”這一含義，故用go off the road?！纠?】Police reports are full of _35._accidents_ that occur when peop

2、le fall into sleep and go _36_the road.(xx全國(guó)卷) 36. A. up B. off C. along D. down【例2】， so I decided to _47_on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didnt _48._know_ “just yet”. (xx北京卷) 47. A. focus B. act C. rely D. try【答案和解析】A雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可與

3、on構(gòu)成搭配，但根據(jù)下文do my best at each practice session可知作者下定決心學(xué)好籃球，把精力都集中在學(xué)習(xí)籃球上。 focus on 集中精力/注意力于2. 以簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞介詞為中心構(gòu)成的詞組辨析【例3】I watched as you faced the _25._changes_of pleting your studies, starting panies with Dad，while still being a _26._model_ and a Mom of five kids. I was exhausted just watching you _27_

4、.(xx天津卷) 27. A. in danger B. in action C. in trouble D. in charge【答案和解析】B根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境信息，此句意思應(yīng)為：光看著你不停忙碌就讓我很累。in action 在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中；in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中。in trouble 處于麻煩中； in charge負(fù)責(zé)，掌管。3. 由介詞簡(jiǎn)單名詞構(gòu)成的名詞詞組【例4】 Now Maja was ready to keep her _48_. (xx湖北卷) 48. A. appointment B. promise C. record D. habit【答案和解析】B根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，可得

5、知此句含義為：如今，Maja該兌現(xiàn)諾言了。故選keep ones promise這個(gè)詞組。4. 由動(dòng)詞名詞構(gòu)成的詞組二、詞義辨析詞義辨析主要體現(xiàn)于四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為名詞、形容詞或副詞等。它們?cè)谕晷翁羁?0道題中常各占一道或兩道題。【例1】 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the _21_ home from work in the evenings. (

6、xx全國(guó)卷) 21. A. way B. track C. path D. road【答案和解析】A根據(jù)上文可知，在下班回家的路上人們因工作勞累而在公交車(chē)、火車(chē)上睡著，故此處因?yàn)椋簅n the way home from work。 1. 名詞辨析【例2】 We were thrown into the water, and Dad was struggling aimlessly. At that moment, I felt fiercely _52_ of him. I swam to Dad _53._quickly_ and assisted him in climbing onto

7、 the hull(船殼) of the boat. 52. A. ashamed B. protective C. tired D. afraid【答案和解析】B根據(jù)上下文中的“struggling aimlessly”， “assisted him”可知我要保護(hù)他。 2. 形容詞辨析【例3】 I led Tony away _47_， saying that the drum was too expensive. (xx遼寧卷) 47. A. happily B . eagerly C. cautiously D. quickly【答案和解析】D句意：我邊快速地把Tony帶走，邊說(shuō)著禮物很

8、貴這樣的話。quickly可以反映作者的焦慮以及對(duì)即將發(fā)生的事情的一種鋪墊。3. 副詞辨析三、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)近幾年的完形填空題逐漸淡化語(yǔ)法概念，所以語(yǔ)法題所占比重不多。但是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查很常見(jiàn)，偶爾也會(huì)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，其他語(yǔ)法板塊內(nèi)容涉及很少。1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)的考查還是立足于它們?cè)诰渥又谐洚?dāng)?shù)木浞üδ?，如需要填入一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等句子成分，旨在考查學(xué)生的句子分析能力。【例1】 We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train Or he will fall asleep on the s

9、houlder of the stranger _25_ next to himThe worst time to fall asleep is when _34_. (xx全國(guó)卷) 25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting 34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving【答案和解析】25. D上文中的信息on the bus or train說(shuō)明：可能會(huì)靠在坐在旁邊的陌生人的肩膀上睡著。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。 34. D此處強(qiáng)調(diào)最糟的就是開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)打盹。D 為最佳選項(xiàng)。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)

10、動(dòng)詞中連詞現(xiàn)在分詞這一狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。【例2】 There are also styles to remind me of Muma tiny chair which _37_be in her bedroom is set in one room. (xx四川卷) 37. A. ought to B. used to C. might D. could【答案和解析】B根據(jù)句意：一把過(guò)去曾經(jīng)在母親臥室里擺放的小椅子被安放到了其中一個(gè)房間。used to 表過(guò)去常常 2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查常結(jié)合完形填空篇章上下文背景信息。四、邏輯過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)上下文之間表轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、因果等關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)選擇也一般會(huì)占一道題量。這就要求學(xué)生平時(shí)要關(guān)注句與句、段與段之間邏輯銜接?！纠?】_52_，the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldnt always get what he wanted. (xx江蘇卷) 52. A. Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Otherwise【答案及解析】B考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。從下文even if來(lái)判斷，該句的邏輯應(yīng)該是：即使然而