2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習 第16講 語言知識考查學案

2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習 第16講 語言知識考查學案語言知識的考查往往從詞組搭配、詞義辨析、語法結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯過渡詞語等幾個方面設(shè)題，旨在讓學生日常學習中注重語言用法積累以便能在不同語境中正確地運用它們。詞組搭配在語言知識考查中所占的比重最大。歷年高考完形填空選項中至少會出現(xiàn)兩道詞組題目。詞組一般以以下幾種形式出現(xiàn)：一、詞組搭配 1以簡單動詞為中心介詞/副詞構(gòu)成的詞組辨析【答案和解析】B根據(jù)上文，此空需要“偏離道路”這一含義，故用go off the road?！纠?】Police reports are full of _35._accidents_ that occur when people fall into sleep and go _36_the road.(xx全國卷) 36. A. up B. off C. along D. down【例2】， so I decided to _47_on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn't _48._know_ “just yet”. (xx北京卷) 47. A. focus B. act C. rely D. try【答案和解析】A雖然四個選項都可與on構(gòu)成搭配，但根據(jù)下文do my best at each practice session可知作者下定決心學好籃球，把精力都集中在學習籃球上。 focus on 集中精力/注意力于2. 以簡單動詞介詞為中心構(gòu)成的詞組辨析【例3】I watched as you faced the _25._changes_of pleting your studies, starting panies with Dad，while still being a _26._model_ and a Mom of five kids. I was exhausted just watching you _27_.(xx天津卷) 27. A. in danger B. in action C. in trouble D. in charge【答案和解析】B根據(jù)上文語境信息，此句意思應(yīng)為：光看著你不停忙碌就讓我很累。in action 在運轉(zhuǎn)中；in danger 處于危險中。in trouble 處于麻煩中； in charge負責，掌管。3. 由介詞簡單名詞構(gòu)成的名詞詞組【例4】 Now Maja was ready to keep her _48_. (xx湖北卷) 48. A. appointment B. promise C. record D. habit【答案和解析】B根據(jù)上下文語境，可得知此句含義為：如今，Maja該兌現(xiàn)諾言了。故選keep one's promise這個詞組。4. 由動詞名詞構(gòu)成的詞組二、詞義辨析詞義辨析主要體現(xiàn)于四個選項均為名詞、形容詞或副詞等。它們在完形填空20道題中常各占一道或兩道題?！纠?】 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the _21_ home from work in the evenings. (xx全國卷) 21. A. way B. track C. path D. road【答案和解析】A根據(jù)上文可知，在下班回家的路上人們因工作勞累而在公交車、火車上睡著，故此處因為：on the way home from work。 1. 名詞辨析【例2】 We were thrown into the water, and Dad was struggling aimlessly. At that moment, I felt fiercely _52_ of him. I swam to Dad _53._quickly_ and assisted him in climbing onto the hull(船殼) of the boat. 52. A. ashamed B. protective C. tired D. afraid【答案和解析】B根據(jù)上下文中的“struggling aimlessly”， “assisted him”可知我要保護他。 2. 形容詞辨析【例3】 I led Tony away _47_， saying that the drum was too expensive. (xx遼寧卷) 47. A. happily B . eagerly C. cautiously D. quickly【答案和解析】D句意：我邊快速地把Tony帶走，邊說著禮物很貴這樣的話。quickly可以反映作者的焦慮以及對即將發(fā)生的事情的一種鋪墊。3. 副詞辨析三、語法結(jié)構(gòu)近幾年的完形填空題逐漸淡化語法概念，所以語法題所占比重不多。但是非謂語動詞的考查很常見，偶爾也會考查情態(tài)動詞的用法，其他語法板塊內(nèi)容涉及很少。1非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的考查還是立足于它們在句子中充當?shù)木浞üδ?，如需要填入一個非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語、狀語、賓語補足語等句子成分，旨在考查學生的句子分析能力?！纠?】 We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger _25_ next to himThe worst time to fall asleep is when _34_. (xx全國卷) 25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting 34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving【答案和解析】25. D上文中的信息on the bus or train說明：可能會靠在坐在旁邊的陌生人的肩膀上睡著。本題考查非謂語動詞中現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。 34. D此處強調(diào)最糟的就是開車時打盹。D 為最佳選項。本題考查非謂語動詞中連詞現(xiàn)在分詞這一狀語結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠?】 There are also styles to remind me of Muma tiny chair which _37_be in her bedroom is set in one room. (xx四川卷) 37. A. ought to B. used to C. might D. could【答案和解析】B根據(jù)句意：一把過去曾經(jīng)在母親臥室里擺放的小椅子被安放到了其中一個房間。used to 表過去常常 2情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞的考查常結(jié)合完形填空篇章上下文背景信息。四、邏輯過渡詞語上下文之間表轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進、因果等關(guān)系的過渡詞語選擇也一般會占一道題量。這就要求學生平時要關(guān)注句與句、段與段之間邏輯銜接。【例1】_52_，the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldn't always get what he wanted. (xx江蘇卷) 52. A. Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Otherwise【答案及解析】B考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。從下文even if來判斷，該句的邏輯應(yīng)該是：即使然而