牛津譯林模塊三unit Grammar and usagePPT課件

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1、第1頁/共54頁第2頁/共54頁To learn what the noun clauses areTo learn how to tell noun clauses from other clausesTo consolidate the usage of noun clauses by doing exercises第3頁/共54頁Look at the following sentences.1. This means I could get up an hour later than usual,2. He also told us that the best way to earn

2、respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. 第4頁/共54頁3. We thought you could act like an adult, but 4. At first, the young girl thought it was the light of the full moon第5頁/共54頁At lunch, the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.Sorry, Miss, repl

3、ied the man, the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.She wondered if the buses would still be running.The news that the blind man can help Polly was exciting.Sentences from this unit第6頁/共54頁We call these underlined sentences noun clauses.My question is whether Polly can find he

4、r way home.Spot looks like he is starving! (Module 1)What is certain is that the curse of the mummy remains a riddle to this day. (Module 2)There is really no hard evidence that aliens took him. (Module 2)第7頁/共54頁在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫 _ (Noun Clauses）。）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任

5、它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任_等，因此根據(jù)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。位語從句。名詞從句 名詞從句主語、賓語、表語、同位語第8頁/共54頁名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞His job is important.What he does is important.主主語語 This is his job.This is what he does every day.表表語語第9頁/共54頁I dont like his job.I do

6、nt like what he does every day.賓賓語語I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.同同位位語語第10頁/共54頁1. We can use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence. That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy. Whether hell be able to come is not yet known.

7、Why they have not left yet is not clear so far.第11頁/共54頁We can use it as a preparatory subject. It was good news that everyone got back safely.2. We can use a noun clause as the object of a verb/preposition. I wonder if/whether thats a good idea. Im interested in who that tall man is.第12頁/共54頁We can

8、 use it as a preparatory subject.We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.The conductor has made it clear that no buses will be running.第13頁/共54頁3. We can use a noun clause as the predicative of be. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. My question is w

9、hether Polly can find her way home.第14頁/共54頁4. We can use a noun clause in apposition to a noun. She had a feeling that she was being watched. The news that he couldnt come made us upset.第15頁/共54頁5. We use that, if/whether or a question word to begin a noun clause. No one knew if/whether he lost his

10、 sight because of an accident. She couldnt imagine how the blind man had found her.第16頁/共54頁Read the article on Page 9 and describe the main idea in your own words. While reading, underline all the noun clauses you can find in this article.第17頁/共54頁P(yáng)aragraph 1 The possibility that pleasant smells mi

11、ght reduce pain hasParagraph 2 Since it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses, Paragraph 3 Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain.第18頁/共54頁They are also curious about whether it is the same for both sexes. Now, the study has proved that for women, p

12、leasant smells reduce pain.第19頁/共54頁P(yáng)aragraph 4 He says that scientists have already collected data from 40 volunteers. He adds that this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to analyse the results.第20頁/共54頁P(yáng)aragraph 5 One explanation is that womens sense

13、 of smell is better developed than that of men, and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.Scientists used to believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only.第21頁/共54頁Now, they have become convinced that the sense of smell also helps.However, why pleasant smells do not reduce pain

14、in men remains a puzzle for scientists.第22頁/共54頁名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納一、名詞性從句的語序一、名詞性從句的語序(1)名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種a. That + 陳述句陳述句e.g. That he is still alive is a wonder. 他還活著，真是奇跡。他還活著，真是奇跡。b. 疑問詞疑問詞+句子的剩余成分句子的剩余成分e.g. This is what we are looking for. 這就是我們所尋找的。這就是我們所尋找的。第23頁/共54頁(2) 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用疑問詞引

15、導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用 陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句語序。陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句語序。他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。How he was successful is still a puzzle. How was he successful is still a puzzle.FT第24頁/共54頁你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Could you tell me where he lives? Could you tell me where does he live? TF第25頁/共54頁二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用二、名詞性從句連接詞的選

16、用(1) that 和和what 的選用的選用that 和和 what 都可引導(dǎo)所有的都可引導(dǎo)所有的_。但是，。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中_，可作從句的主語、賓語或表語。，可作從句的主語、賓語或表語。而而that在名詞性從句中在名詞性從句中_，只起，只起_作用。作用。名詞從句充當(dāng)成分不充當(dāng)任何成分連接第26頁/共54頁1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. This is _ we wa

17、nt to know.5. Is _ he told us true?WhatThatthatwhatwhat第27頁/共54頁6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.whatthatwhat第28頁/共54頁(2) if 和和whether 的選用的選用whether和和 if 都可以使用的情況：都可以使用的情況： 1) 引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語從句時(shí)；引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語從句時(shí)；2) 在在

18、be + adj.之后時(shí)；之后時(shí)；3) 在主語從句中，在主語從句中，it 用作形式主語時(shí)。用作形式主語時(shí)。第29頁/共54頁只能用只能用whether的情況：的情況：在非正式文體中，在非正式文體中，if . or not 也是正確的。也是正確的。但與但與or not直接連用時(shí)，只能用直接連用時(shí)，只能用whether(即即whether or not)，而不能用，而不能用if (即即if or not)；引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)；引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)；第30頁/共54頁引導(dǎo)主語從句，且位于句首時(shí)；引導(dǎo)主語從句，且位于句首時(shí)；引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時(shí)；引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時(shí)；后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不

19、定式時(shí)；后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)；if引起歧義時(shí)。引起歧義時(shí)。第31頁/共54頁1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.if / whetherWhether第32頁/共54頁3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.whetherwhether/ifwheth

20、er第33頁/共54頁6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.whetherwhetherwhether第34頁/共54頁其它連接代詞和副詞的連用其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義，正確主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義，正確的選擇的選擇who/ which/ when/where/ why/how 等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有等連接詞，這些連接詞既

21、具有_，又起又起_，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)_。疑問含義連接作用各種成分第35頁/共54頁我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒有決定。我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒有決定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.Whenwho第36頁/共54頁我不知道他長(zhǎng)的什么樣子。我不知道他長(zhǎng)的什么樣子。 I have no idea _ he looks like.這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。This is

22、_ I left my glasses.whatwhere第37頁/共54頁引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 that 的省略的省略1. that引導(dǎo)主語從句，并且主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句，并且主語從句_，由，由it 作形式主語時(shí)，作形式主語時(shí)，that _；2. that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，可以省略；但如果有引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，可以省略；但如果有兩個(gè)兩個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，則第二個(gè)賓語從引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，則第二個(gè)賓語從句中的句中的that _；后置不可省略不可省略第38頁/共54頁3. 介詞后的賓語從句中的介詞后的賓語從句中的that_;4. 如果如果that 連接的賓語從句中緊接著一連接的賓語從句中緊接著一 個(gè)由其

23、他連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，個(gè)由其他連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，that _省略；省略；5. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that 在句中在句中 _成分，且成分，且 _省略。省略。不可省略不能不充當(dāng)不可第39頁/共54頁下列名詞性從句中的下列名詞性從句中的that是否可以省略。是否可以省略。1. It was reported that the football team was warmly received by the Queen.2. I dont believe that he has ever read any of Shakespeares works or that he has

24、 ever heard of him.第40頁/共54頁3. His composition is very good except that there are some spelling mistakes.4. The cause of the accident lies in that the driver was careless.5. He said that, if I did not have time, I might choose not to go.6. The news that our team has won the match is true. 只有第只有第2題第一

25、個(gè)題第一個(gè)that可以省略，其他可以省略，其他名詞性從句中，名詞性從句中，that不可以省略。不可以省略。第41頁/共54頁Complete the sentences.1. I dont think _ she is coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reason is _ he is careless.4. The news _ our team won the match inspired us.(that)thatthatthat第42頁/共54頁5. I dont think it necessary

26、 _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.that(that)that第43頁/共54頁賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)1. 如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從 句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任何一種時(shí)句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。態(tài)。a. 他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 He believes _ _ . his dream will come true

27、 some day第44頁/共54頁b. 請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么。請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么。 Please tell me _ _. what you were doing at this time yesterday2. 如果主句謂語是過去時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng) 詞用一般用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，但從句 表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī)律 等時(shí)，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第45頁/共54頁他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。He told me _ .他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。He told me _.老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的。老師告訴我們光是沿直線

28、運(yùn)行的。The teacher tell us _. he was preparing for the examination he had been away from his hometown for ten years light travels in a straight line.第46頁/共54頁Read the article about our senses on page 11 and circle the right words.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _ifthatthatthatwhetherthat第47頁/共54頁Com

29、plete the story on page 11 using that, whether or if.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _thatthatthatif/whetherthatif/whetherthatthat第48頁/共54頁用正確的連接詞填空。用正確的連接詞填空。Holidays are important for all of us. 1. _ we decide to have a city holiday or a holiday by the beach depends upon our personal p

30、references. The main thing is 2. _ we are taking a break from our usual routine (日常事務(wù)).Whether that第49頁/共54頁Of course, the main difference between city holidays and beach holidays is in the kind of activities you are able to do. At the beach, for example, you can swim or surf. While in a city, 3. _

31、you can do varies from going shopping to visiting museums and going to the theatre.what第50頁/共54頁 Another major difference is 4. _ having a holiday by the beach tends to be more relaxing. When you are in a city, you have to organise 5. _ you do carefully, or the fact 6. _ you spend all your time gett

32、ing on buses, walking and visiting may make you get exhausted soon. thatwhatthat第51頁/共54頁On the other hand, the beach is 7. _ time goes by more slowly. If you like, you can swim, lie in the sun or the shade, have a quiet drink and go to sleep. All in all, where you go to spend a holiday largely depends on 8. _ you like and 9. _ hard you have been working.wherewhat how第52頁/共54頁1. Do C1 and C2 on Page 92 of the Workbook.2. Preview the next part.第53頁/共54頁感謝您的觀看！第54頁/共54頁