（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第一節(jié) 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 三 數(shù)字計(jì)算題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版

三、數(shù)字計(jì)算題(2018·江蘇，A)語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了位于美國(guó)紐約舉世聞名的大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館及其分館修道院藝術(shù)博物館的位置、開閉館時(shí)間、入場(chǎng)費(fèi)用等基本信息。本文的主題是“人與社會(huì)”，通過(guò)向公眾介紹大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館及其分館，讓人們走進(jìn)藝術(shù)殿堂，感受藝術(shù)的魅力，接受藝術(shù)的熏陶。56.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A.$12.B.$37.C.$50.D.$62.答案C解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)Admission部分的“$25.00recommendedforadults，$12.00recommendedforstudents.freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.”可知，在入場(chǎng)費(fèi)的收取方面，成年人每人收25美元，12歲以下有成人陪同的孩子是免費(fèi)的。所以11歲的女孩和她的爸爸媽媽要參觀該博物館時(shí)，入場(chǎng)費(fèi)為50美元。故選C項(xiàng)。57.TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat.A.itopensalltheyearroundB.itscollectionsdatefromtheMiddleAgesC.ithasamodernEuropean-stylegardenD.itsellsexcellentEuropeanglasscollections答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheCloistersMuseumandGardens部分的“.devotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.”可知，修道院藝術(shù)博物館作為大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館的一個(gè)分館，專門用來(lái)展出中世紀(jì)歐洲有關(guān)藝術(shù)和建筑的作品，所以修道院藝術(shù)博物館的吸引人之處也就在于此，故選B項(xiàng)(它的藏品始于中世紀(jì))。一、題型解讀1.數(shù)字計(jì)算細(xì)節(jié)題一般會(huì)涉及時(shí)間、年齡、價(jià)錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，從數(shù)學(xué)的角度講，計(jì)算量都比較小，計(jì)算容易。但是英語(yǔ)閱讀中的數(shù)字計(jì)算必須要找出計(jì)算背后所隱含的信息。這些“暗”信息會(huì)涉及對(duì)某個(gè)難句的理解，從這個(gè)角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。2.數(shù)字計(jì)算細(xì)節(jié)題的話題有：(1)廣告類；(2)故事類；(3)科普知識(shí)類；(4)史地自然類；(5)文化教育類。設(shè)問(wèn)方式以when，inwhichyear，howmany/much等疑問(wèn)詞開頭引出問(wèn)題。二、解題技巧“加減乘除”得數(shù)據(jù)1.閱讀題干，查看題干中的關(guān)鍵詞尋讀原文，同時(shí)標(biāo)記數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等相關(guān)信息。2.弄清題干詢問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)與原文數(shù)據(jù)的邏輯關(guān)系，并進(jìn)行加減乘除計(jì)算。3.特殊信息應(yīng)注意：(1)特殊數(shù)字：decade“十年”；fortnight“兩周”；double“兩倍”；couple“兩個(gè)”；score“二十”；dozen“十二”。(2)特殊詞匯：off“削價(jià)；減價(jià)”；discount“折扣”。例如：【真題感悟】中第56題閱讀題干，根據(jù)Admission部分的“$25.00recommendedforadults，$12.00recommendedforstudents.freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.”可知，在入場(chǎng)費(fèi)的收取方面，成年人每人收25美元，12歲以下有成人陪同的孩子是免費(fèi)的。所以11歲的女孩和她的爸爸媽媽要參觀該博物館時(shí)，入場(chǎng)費(fèi)為50美元。故選C項(xiàng)。ATheVisitorOysterCardAVisitorOystercardisthecheapestwaytopayfora1singleadultjourneyinLondon.Itsaplasticsmartcard.Youcanuseitonthebus，tube，tram，DLR，LondonOvergroundandmostNationalRailservices.9Itsmuchcheaperthanbuying2individualtickets，insomecasescosting50%lessthanthepriceofaregularpaperticket.HowtogetaVisitorOystercardYoucanbuyaVisitorOystercardonline.Yourcardwillbe5deliveredbypost.Thecardcosts5andyouchoosehowmuchmoneyyouwanttoaddtothecard.ThismeansyoucanstartusingthecardthemomentyouarriveinCentralLondon.HowdoestheVisitorOystercardwork?TheOystercardworksonapay-as-you-gosystem.Youstartbyaddingmoneytothecard.Thenyoutravel，andthecostofthefarewill3automaticallybedeductedfromyourVisitorOystercard.Forexample，ifyouadd20tothecardandmakeatubejourneyof2.30，youwillhave17.70leftonthecard.Afewmorepoints：·Achildundertheageof11travelsfreewhenaccompaniedbyanadult.·Youllsavemoremoneyifyouusethetubeseveraltimes.TheVisitorOystercardis“capped(給定上限)”at6.80perday.·Youllpaymoreduringpeaktimes.Peakfares6applyfromMondaytoFriday(630am930am；400pm700pm)，exceptforpublicholidays.·ReusetheOystercardbyaddingcreditatatubestation，OysterticketshoporVisitorCentre.·ReceiveadiscountontheThamesClippersRiverBusservices.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了游覽倫敦使用游客牡蠣卡的好處、如何購(gòu)買及如何充值。1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheVisitorOystercard?A.Youcantuseitduringpublicholidays.B.Youcanhaveitmaileddirectlytoyourhome.C.YoucangetafreeOystercardifyouorderonline.D.Youcanreceivea50%discountatanyshopinLondon.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句“Yourcardwillbedeliveredbypost.”可知，游客牡蠣卡可以直接寄到你家。故選B。2.HowmuchmoneywillbedeductedifyoutakethetubefourtimesinadaywithaVisitorOystercard?A.2.30.B.3.40.C.6.80.D.9.20.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Afewmorepoints部分的第二條“Youllsavemoremoneyifyouusethetubeseveraltimes.TheVisitorOystercardiscapped(給定上限)at6.80perday.”可知，游客牡蠣卡的“上限”是每天6.8英鎊。故選C。3.WherecanyouaddcredittoyourVisitorOystercard?A.OntheInternet.B.Atabusstation.C.Atatubestation.D.Inconveniencestores.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Afewmorepoints部分的倒數(shù)第二條“ReusetheOystercardbyaddingcreditatatubestation，OysterticketshoporVisitorCentre.”可知，可以在地鐵站充值。故選C。BBritishMuseumLocatedinGreatRussellStreet，LondonWC1B3DG，theBritishMuseum7housesavastcollectionofworldartandartifactsandisfreetoallvisitors.TheBritishMuseumsremarkablecollectionspansovertwomillionyearsofhumanhistoryandculture，andithasmorethan7million8objects，soitwouldprobablytakeaweektoseeeverything.Over6millionvisitorseveryyearexperiencethecollection，includingworld-famousobjectssuchastheRosettaStoneandEgyptianmummies.4AdmissionandopeningtimesFree，opendaily1000to1730.Openuntil2030onFridays，exceptGoodFriday.Closedon24，25and26Decemberand1January.Largeluggage，suitcasesandcabinbaggageForeveryonessafety，allbags，packagesandpersonalitemsmaybesearchedbeforeentry.WheeledcasesandlargeitemsofluggagearenotallowedintheBritishMuseumforsafetyandsecurityreasons.Storageforluggageisavailableatmajorrailstations，includingEuston，KingsCrossandCharingCross.Membership10Membershipallowsyoutodiscover2millionyearsofhumanhistorywithfreeunlimitedentrytospecialexhibitions，anexclusivediscountofferonmagazinesubscriptionandmanymorebenefits.Individualmembership：74Under26membership：54Youngfriends (aged815)：25ShopsThemuseumhasfourshopswhereyoucanbuybooks，souvenirs，andfamilygifts.4.WhencanyouvisittheBritishMuseum?A.At900onFriday.B.At1200onMonday.C.OnChristmasDay.D.OnGoodFriday.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admissionandopeningtimes部分提到的“Free，opendaily1000to1730.”可知，你可以在星期一中午12點(diǎn)去參觀。故選B。5.Wherecanvisitorsstoretheirlargeluggage?A.Atmajortrainstations.B.Atsomecrossings.C.Inthehallofthemuseum.D.Attheentrancetothemuseum.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Largeluggage，suitcasesandcabinbaggage部分的最后一句“Storageforluggageisavailableatmajorrailstations，includingEuston，KingsCrossandCharingCross.”可知，游客可以在主要的火車站寄存行李。故選A。6.Iftwofriendsaged14and18applyformembershipofthemuseum，howmuchshouldtheypay?A.25.B.79.C.50.D.148.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Membership部分的“Individualmembership：74Under26membership：54Youngfriends (aged815)：25”可知，他們申請(qǐng)會(huì)員證需要255479英鎊。故選B。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫線部分的意思1.Ifyouplantobuyyourticketbackimmediately，asingleticketisacheaperchoice.單程的2.Itscleanertodividethevegetablesamongfourindividualdishes.單獨(dú)的3.Themachineautomaticallydownloadstheinformationwhenitisonline.自動(dòng)地4.TheadmissionoftheartgalleryisfreeonSundays.門票(二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換5.Thegovernmentplanstodelivermorefood，medicineandfreshwatertotheearthquake-hitarea.send(三)一詞多義6.applyv.適用；應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；涂，敷(1)Iamwritingtoapplyforthepositionasastudentvolunteer.v.申請(qǐng)(2)Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal，thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.v.適用(3)Applythecreamevenlytoyourfaceandneck.v.涂，敷(4)Thenewtechnologyisgoingtobeappliedtofarming.v.應(yīng)用7.housev.給提供住宿；收藏(1)TomorrowweareofftoNaplestovisitthemuseumthathousesmanyofthetreasuresfromPompeii (龐貝).v.收藏(2)Shelterswillbebuilttohousethosesurvivorswhosehousesweredestroyed.v.給提供住宿8.objectn.物體；目標(biāo)v.反對(duì)(1)Theobjectofthegameistoimprovechildrenslanguageskills.n.目標(biāo)(2)Weseeacertainobjectbecauseitreflectslightintooureyes.n.物體(3)Whydosomepeopleobjecttohumancloning？v.反對(duì).長(zhǎng)難句理解9.Itsmuchcheaperthanbuyingindividualtickets，insomecasescosting50%lessthanthepriceofaregularpaperticket.句式分析本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主干是Itsmuchcheaper。注意：句中用了兩處比較級(jí)cheaper和less；costing是狀語(yǔ)，和句子的主語(yǔ)it構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用v.-ing形式。精美譯文它比購(gòu)買單張票便宜得多，在某些情況下，價(jià)格比普通紙票便宜50%。10.Membershipallowsyoutodiscover2millionyearsofhumanhistorywithfreeunlimitedentrytospecialexhibitions，anexclusivediscountofferonmagazinesubscriptionandmanymorebenefits.句式分析本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，為簡(jiǎn)單句五種句型中的主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。主語(yǔ)是Membership；謂語(yǔ)是allow；賓語(yǔ)是you；賓補(bǔ)是todiscover2millionyearsofhumanhistory。with短語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng)，作狀語(yǔ)；with后面三個(gè)短語(yǔ)freeunlimitedentrytospecialexhibitions，anexclusivediscountofferonmagazinesubscription和manymorebenefits作賓語(yǔ)。精美譯文會(huì)員資格使你可以更好地發(fā)現(xiàn)人類兩百萬(wàn)年的歷史、無(wú)限制地參加特別展覽，提供給你獨(dú)家雜志訂閱的折扣以及更多優(yōu)惠。強(qiáng)化練(十八).單項(xiàng)填空1.Themixtureofbetterjobs，specialgovernmentpoliciesandhavingsponsorsforstudyingabroadisliesbehindthechangestoChinasbraindrain.(2019·海安縣高三期末)A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.where答案A解析考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意為：更好的就業(yè)、特殊的政府政策以及擁有海外留學(xué)贊助者的結(jié)合是中國(guó)人才流失變化背后的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為表語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故A項(xiàng)正確。2.Weneedacomprehensiveofthegeneticallymodifiedfood，undertheleadershipofthecentralgovernment.(2019·新草橋中學(xué)高三月考)A.accumulationB.assessmentC.assistanceD.accountant答案B解析考查名詞辨析。句意為：我們需要在中央政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品進(jìn)行全面的評(píng)估。文中表示“全面的評(píng)估”。accumulation積累；assessment評(píng)估；assistance幫助；accountant會(huì)計(jì)師。故選B。3.Ifthechildviolatesoneofthecontractsrules，hemaylosea(n) ，suchastalkingtohisfriendonthephone.A.privilegeB.advantageC.honorD.benefit答案A解析privilege特權(quán)；advantage好處；honor榮譽(yù)；benefit好處。句意為：如果孩子違反了合同的規(guī)定之一，他可能會(huì)失去一個(gè)特權(quán)，比如跟朋友在電話里聊天。根據(jù)空后的意思可知選A。4.Insteadofmakingchoicesfortheirchildren，liberalparentsusuallysay，“Gowhereyou.”A.willB.shouldC.canD.must答案A解析句意為：開明的父母通常會(huì)說(shuō)：“去你想去的地方”，而不是為他們的孩子做選擇。will愿意，意志；should應(yīng)該；can能夠；must必須。故選A。5.Throughouthistory，Chinanevercolonizedanynation.thispeacefultradition，itiscommittedtobuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.(2019·南京六校聯(lián)合體高三月考)A.InlinewithB.InregardtoC.InharmonywithD.Inadditionto答案A解析inlinewith與一致；inregardto關(guān)于，至于；inharmonywith與協(xié)調(diào)；inadditionto除之外。句意為：縱觀歷史，中國(guó)從未殖民過(guò)任何國(guó)家。本著這一和平傳統(tǒng)，中國(guó)致力于建設(shè)人類命運(yùn)共同體。故選A。6.AgroupofteenmountaineershaveplannedtoconquerthesecondhighestmountaininEurope.，theymaysucceed.A.FavorableastheconditionbeingB.IftheconditionbefavorableC.TheconditionisfavorableD.Theconditionbeingfavorable答案D解析句意為：一組青少年登山者計(jì)劃征服歐洲的第二高峰。情況夠好的話，他們可能會(huì)成功。A項(xiàng)中as為連詞，其后從句缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。B項(xiàng)中if從句中系動(dòng)詞be錯(cuò)。C項(xiàng)為簡(jiǎn)單句，帶入句中，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)連接的句子必須出現(xiàn)連詞，句中沒(méi)有連詞，故排除。D項(xiàng)為正確的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即“名詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”。7.regulartraininginnursing，shecouldhardlycopewiththeworkatfirst.A.NotreceivedB.SincereceivingC.HavingnotreceivedD.Nothavingreceived答案D解析句意為：由于沒(méi)有接受過(guò)正規(guī)的護(hù)理培訓(xùn)，起初她幾乎無(wú)法應(yīng)付這份工作。句中receive和主語(yǔ)she是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用doing形式。且receive發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，用havingreceived，not放在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。故選D。8.Whydoyoulookveryupset?Theelectricitywascutoffsuddenlyandmyessayunfinishedsince.A.wasleftB.hasleftC.hadbeenleftD.hasbeenleft答案D解析句中l(wèi)eave與主語(yǔ)essay構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)形式；句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since表示從那時(shí)起到現(xiàn)在文章一直沒(méi)寫完，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選D。9.Ourstudentsweresothrilledatthenewsthattheteachers，togetherwiththem，wouldgotoSuzhouforspringoutingtheyjumpedwithjoy.(2019·江蘇江都、華羅庚等中學(xué)聯(lián)考)A.whenB.asC.whereD.that答案D解析考查固定句型。句意為：我們的學(xué)生聽(tīng)到老師要和他們一起去蘇州春游的消息后激動(dòng)得跳了起來(lái)。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“如此以致”，應(yīng)該用so.that.句型，故D項(xiàng)正確。10.Trytotoeachpersonallyourkindnessandunderstandingandtheworldwillbeabetterplacetolivein.A.appealB.caterC.extendD.attach答案C解析句意為：試著把你所有的善意和理解傳遞給每個(gè)人，這個(gè)世界就會(huì)變成一個(gè)更好的居住地方。extend提供，給予，表示，故選C。.閱讀理解A(2018·全國(guó)，A)WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar：FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36，M6.Approximatetraveltimes：Windermere20minutes，Kendal25minutes，Lancaster45minutes，Manchester1hour30minutes.ByRail：TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth，LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.OpeningTimesSunday-Friday (closedonSaturday)1100am-400pm，30thMarch-2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults： 12.008.00Groups：9.005.50SpecialEventsProducersMarket13thAprilJoinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.HolkerGardenFestival30thMayTheeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening，makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.NationalGardenDay28thAugustHolkeronceagainopensitsgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.WinterMarket8thNovemberThisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，題材是旅游廣告。文章介紹了游覽霍爾克莊園的游客須知和四項(xiàng)特別的活動(dòng)。11.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?A.20minutes.B.25minutes.C.45minutes.D.90minutes.答案D解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)文章的HowtoGettoHolker部分中“ByCar：.Approximatetraveltimes：.Manchester1hour30minutes.”可知，游客從Manchester開車到Holker大約用一個(gè)半小時(shí)，也就是90分鐘。故選D。12.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisitHall&Gardens?A.12.00.B.9.00.C.8.00.D.5.50.答案B解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)文章的AdmissionCharges部分中Hall&Gardens一列與Groups一行的交叉點(diǎn)可知，旅游團(tuán)的一個(gè)成員游覽Hall&Gardens所需要的費(fèi)用為9.00。故選B。13.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?A.ProducersMarket.B.HolkerGardenFestival.C.NationalGardenDay.D.WinterMarket.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的WinterMarket部分中“Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.(流連于形形色色的禮品商店間，同時(shí)欣賞著現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的音樂(lè)演出和好看的街頭娛樂(lè)活動(dòng))”可知，如果想看現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的音樂(lè)演出，你就去WinterMarket。故選D。BEarlyintheIliad，Homersepicpoem(史詩(shī)) aboutthelegendary，TrojanWar，thereoccursafamousanecdoteknownasthecatalogueofships，whichnamesalltheGreekleadersandcontingents(小分隊(duì)) whocametofightatTroy.Beforeunfoldingthisimpressivemusterroll(花名冊(cè))，Homermakesaspecial，publicappealtotheMusestoensurehegetsthefactsright：Tellmenow，Muses，whohaveyourhomesonOlympusforyouaregoddesses，andever-present，andknowallthings，andwehearonlyrumour：nordoweknowanything.TheselinesreflectacentralclaimofepicpoetrythatthroughtheinspirationoftheMuses，daughtersofMemory，itcanpreservetheknowledgeofpeopleandtheeventsofthepastaformidablepowerinthenon-literate，oralculturesinwhichtheIliadevolved.TheIliadwascomposedaround750-700BC，butitsoriginslieatleastsomefivecenturiesearlier，deepintheMycenaeanBronzeAgetheworldtheIliadpoeticallyevokes.TheIliadiskeenlyawareofitsroleasthekeeperofmemory，andcredibilityiscentraltoitsstorytelling.Theepicisaworkoffiction，andrelatestheeventsofafewweeksinthetenthandfinalyearoftheTrojanWarfoughtbetweenGreeksandTrojansoverbeautifulHelen，theGreekqueenwhodesertedherhusbandtoelopewithaTrojanprince.Itscastofcharactersincludesnotonlywarriorsandtheircaptivesandfamilies，buttheimmortalOlympiangods，whoperformmanysupernaturalactsinthecourseoftheireagerparticipationintheactionaroundTroy.TheIliadhasthereputationforbeinganexclusively(專門地) maleepic，weakonfemalecharacters，buttochooseonlyoneexampleHomersdelicatecharacterizationofHelenasawomandrivenbyreluctantremorseful(悔恨的) passionisashauntingly(縈繞心頭地) credibleasanyAnnaKarenina.Longinus，ascholarinthe1stCenturyADwrotethatinrecordingashedoesthewoundingofthegods，theirquarrels，vengeance，tears，imprisonmentandalltheirpassionsHomerhasdonehisbesttomakethemenintheIliadgodsandgodsmen.ThescenebetweenAchillesandPriamdisplaysthisinversionandcrystalliseswhattheIliadpoetshadlearnedinthecourseoftheepicsJourney.Thatthegodsweworshipmightnotanswer，andonoccasionhumanitymustrisetofilltheirplace.Thatgloryiscloselyassociatedwithpainfulloss.Thatthevictorsharesthehumanityofthemostvulnerableofthevanquished(戰(zhàn)敗者)；thatthereisnosuchthingaspurevictoryinwar.14.TheIliadaboutthelegendaryTrojanWar，mightdatebackto.A.thethirdcenturyBCB.theseventhcenturyBCC.theeighthcenturyBCD.thethirteenthcenturyBC答案D解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第三段中的“TheIliadwascomposedaround750-700BC，butitsoriginslieatleastsomefivecenturiesearlier.”可知，關(guān)于傳說(shuō)中的特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的伊利亞特，可以追溯到公元前13世紀(jì)。故選D。15.Accordingtothepassage，.A.beingreliableisessentialtothestorytellingoftheIliadB.TrojanWarbetweenGreeksandTrojanslastedoveradecadeC.TrojanWarendedowingtotheOlympiangodsabsenceD.beautifulHelenisawomanworthrespectingintheIliad答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“TheIliadiskeenlyawareofitsroleasthekeeperofmemory，andcredibilityiscentraltoitsstorytelling.”可知，可靠對(duì)伊利亞特的故事敘述至關(guān)重要。故選A。16.WhydoestheIliadhavethereputationforbeinganexclusivelymaleepic?A.Becauseitfocusesonlyonmenandwar.B.Becausetoofewfemaleswerewelldepicted(描述).C.Becauseitscastofcharactersincludesonlymales.D.BecauseHelenwasdescribedasapassionatewoman.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“TheIliadhasthereputationforbeinganexclusively(專門地) maleepic，weakonfemalecharacters.”可知，伊利亞特被譽(yù)為專門的男性史詩(shī)是因?yàn)楹苌儆信缘玫胶芎玫目坍?。故選B。17.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesntagreewiththeauthorsidea?A.Purevictoryinwardoesnotexistatall.B.Gloryisnaturallyaccompaniedwithsaddeningloss.C.Thevictorgainseverythingwithoutanyemotionalloss.D.Boththevictorandthevanquishedsharethesamehumanity.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thatgloryiscloselyassociatedwithpainfulloss.Thatthevictorsharesthehumanityofthemostvulnerableofthevanquished(戰(zhàn)敗者)；thatthereisnosuchthingaspurevictoryinwar.”可知，C項(xiàng)“勝利者得到了一切，沒(méi)有任何情感上的損失”的陳述不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。故答案為C。.任務(wù)型閱讀(2019·無(wú)錫高三期末)TimeforAmericanstoActonClimateChangeTheclimatecrisisisworseningataratethatisbecomingharderandhardertoignore.Formorethantwodecades，scientificreportshavemadeitclearthatglobalwarmingisreal，thathumanscauseitandthattheconsequenceswillbedisastrous.Thescientificcommunityhasbecomeincreasinglypanickedoverthepastyear.ThelatestassessmentfromtheU.N.IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangepaintedafarmoreterriblepicturethanitspreviousanalyses，andthelong-awaitedNationalClimateAssessmentmadeclearthatclimatechangerepresentsaseverethreattohumanhealthaswellasoureconomicsecurity.Outofthispaniccamethetreaty(條約) reachedthispastweekendbyworldleaderstokeeptheParisclimateagreementalive.YetmanyAmericansstilldontregardthethreatasakeypriorityforourgovernment，andsupportPresidentTrumpsdecisiontowithdrawfromtheParistreaty.Campaigncontributionsfromfossilfuelcompanieshaveconvincedelectedofficialstolooktheotherway.Acertainamountofdespairhasresultedinwidespreadapathy(漠然).Butthereisanotherreasonthathasbeendiscussedfarlessopenly.Whileagrowingnumberofpeopleunderstandthatclimatechangewillhavesignificantworldwideconsequences，manyAmericanshaveanintuitive(直覺(jué)的)beliefthattheirnationismorecapablethanothersofadaptingtoachangedenvironment.Why？Becausetheyhavebefore.Thishistoricalsuccess，however，resultedfromthefederalgovernmenttakingscienceseriously，andmakinginvestmentstourgerevolutionandinnovation.Buttheseinnovationsdidnothappenbythemselves，orsimplybecauseoftheUnitedStatesrichresources.Theydependedonconsistentsupportfromtheleadersabouttheneedtotakeactionwhenfacedwithcrises.Thishasbeenespeciallytrueintheenvironmentalcrisis.PresidentBillClintonhadashockinglymodestrecordofadvancingclimatesecurity，particularlygiventhathisvicepresident，AlGore，hadbeenoneofthemostoutspokenenvironmentalistsinCongress.ByfarClintonsbiggestaccomplishmentwasassigningGoretoparticipateintheKyotoProtocolnegotiations.Clintonchose，however，toavoidwhatsurelywouldhavebeenaterriblefightintheSenatetogainapprovalofthetreaty.Whilethiseffortprobablywouldhavefailed，itwouldhavesignaledtotheAmericanpeoplehowseriouslytheDemocraticPartytookclimatechange.Thus，thetimehasclearlyarrivedforprogressivecandidatestostartcampaigningonaplatformbuiltaroundtheneedforasustainabilityrevolution.Suchaplanshouldincludeacarbontax，well-fundedcleanenergyresearch，evolvedagriculturalpoliciesandsmarterpublictransport.GiventhatGenerationXandmillennials(千禧一代) neverboughtintothefictionthattheUnitedStatesisimmunetothedangersofglobalwarming，thetimeisripetomakeclimatesecurityacrucialgovernmentresponsibility.Onlybydoingsocanwebeginthelong-overdue(拖延好久的) campaigntosavetheplanet.TimeforAmericanstoActonClimateChangeIntroductionMoreandmorepeoplehavebecome18.oftheseverityofclimatecrisis.Itishumanbeingsthatareto19.fortherealglobalwarmingandshould20.forwhattheyhavedone.WorldwideeffortsGiventhathumanhealthaswellasoureconomicsecurityis21.aseverethreatcausedbyclimatechange，ParisClimateTreatyhasbeenreachedbyworldleaders.CurrentAmericansresponsesAnegativeattitudeUnabletograsptheseriousnessofthethreat，manyAmericansarein22.ofPresidentTrumpsdecisiontowithdrawfromtheParistreaty.23.forresponsesElectedofficialsturnadeafeartothethreatonaccountoftheir24.relationshipwithfossilfuelcompanies.Acertainamountofdespairhasresultedinwidespreadapathy.ManyAmericansarewildly25.abouttheirabilitytoachangedenvironment.EarlierAmericansresponsesA(n) 26._attitudeWiselyassigninghisvicepresidenttoparticipateintheKyotoProtocolnegotiations，PresidentBillClintontookclimatechangeseriously.InspirationfromresponsesTheDemocraticPartyusedtotakeadequatenoticeofthepotentialcrisisoftheclimatechange.27.ItishightimeforAmericanstobeginthelong-overduecampaigntosavetheplanet.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述的是越來(lái)越多的人意識(shí)到氣候危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重性，但仍有許多美國(guó)人不認(rèn)為這應(yīng)該是政府首要考慮的問(wèn)題，并支持特朗普退出巴黎條約的決定。因此，讓氣候安全成為政府的一項(xiàng)至關(guān)重要的責(zé)任的時(shí)機(jī)已成熟。只有這樣，我們才能開始拖延已久的拯救地球的運(yùn)動(dòng)。18.答案aware/conscious解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Theclimatecrisisisworseningataratethatisbecomingharderandhardertoignore.”可知，越來(lái)越多的人意識(shí)到氣候危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重性。故答案為aware/conscious。19.答案blame解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Formorethantwodecades，scientificreportshavemadeitclearthatglobalwarmingisreal，thathumanscauseitandthattheconsequenceswillbedisastrous.