（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題1 語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 第十二節(jié) 介詞與介詞短語(yǔ)學(xué)案 牛津譯林版

第十二節(jié)介詞與介詞短語(yǔ)1.方位介詞above/over/on/up；across/through/beside/around；in/out/from/towards/to；under/below/beneath/down；among/between2.時(shí)間介詞at/in/on；after/before/for/since；during/over/through；by/till/until3.表工具、手段、方式的介詞(1)with/in/by；(2)用這種方式：in this way(manner)/by this means/with this method/with this approach4.介詞與某些名詞、形容詞或動(dòng)詞的各種搭配形式。1.Favorablepoliciesaretoencourageemployeesprofessionaldevelopment.(2019·江蘇，27)A.ineffectB.incommandC.inturnD.inshape答案A解析考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：優(yōu)惠政策會(huì)有效地促進(jìn)員工的職業(yè)發(fā)展。ineffect有效。2.alltheproblems，severaloftheplayersproducedexcellentperformances.(2019·天津，5)A.AccordingtoB.InsteadofC.InadditiontoD.Inspiteof答案D解析考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：盡管存在各種問題，但是其中的一些選手還是表現(xiàn)出色。accordingto根據(jù)；insteadof代替，而不是；inadditionto除以外；inspiteof盡管。結(jié)合句意可知，應(yīng)選D。3.ChinassoftpowergrowstheincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.(2018·江蘇，33)A.inlinewithB.inreplytoC.inreturnforD.inhonourof答案A解析句意為：中國(guó)的軟實(shí)力在增長(zhǎng)，這與中國(guó)在全球范圍內(nèi)得到越來越多的欣賞和理解是一致的。inlinewith意為“與一致”，符合語(yǔ)境。inreplyto回復(fù)，答復(fù)；inreturnfor作為對(duì)的回報(bào)；inhonourof為了向表示尊敬。4.Bobthoughthecouldntgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport，buthewent.(2018·天津，11)A.atfirstB.afterallC.aboveallD.atrandom答案B解析句意為：鮑勃以為他不能去參加聚會(huì)了，因?yàn)樗脤懸环輬?bào)告，但他最終還是去了。afterall意為“畢竟，最終，終究”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。atfirst起初，最初；aboveall首先，最重要的是；atrandom任意地，漫無目的地。5.Goodmorning，MrLeesoffice.Goodmorning.IdliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.(2018·北京，14)A.forB.onC.inD.at答案A解析“makeanappointmentfor時(shí)間”表示“約某個(gè)時(shí)間見面或?qū)δ硞€(gè)時(shí)間做出預(yù)約安排”。本句中的makeanappointmentfornextWednesdayafternoon的意思是“約定下周三下午見面”。此題很容易誤選B項(xiàng)，表示具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上時(shí)，前面的介詞用on，但是B項(xiàng)表示“在某個(gè)時(shí)間做或者發(fā)生某件具體的事情”。句意為：早上好，這里是李先生的辦公室。早上好。我想約下周三下午(和李先生)見個(gè)面。6.Determiningwhereweareoursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.(2017·江蘇，32)A.incontrasttoB.indefenseofC.infaceofD.inrelationto答案D解析句意為：通過對(duì)比我們周圍的環(huán)境來確定我們的位置是我們生存的一項(xiàng)重要技能。結(jié)合句意可知，這里用inrelationto“關(guān)于，與相比”。incontrastto與相比之下，與相反；indefenseof保衛(wèi)，為辯護(hù)；infaceof面對(duì)。7.WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia，youwillbetreesthatareover1,000yearsold.(2017·天津，12)A.amongB.againstC.behindD.below答案A解析句意為：當(dāng)你駕車穿過加利福尼亞的紅杉林時(shí)，你會(huì)置身在那些樹齡超過1000年的樹木之間。among在當(dāng)中，為所圍繞，符合語(yǔ)境。against以為背景，襯托；behind在后面；below在下面。診斷報(bào)告考向?qū)?yīng)題號(hào)我的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)1常見介詞的用法5，72介詞短語(yǔ)辨析1，2，3，4，6解題方法1.漢語(yǔ)對(duì)照法在高考試題中，考查的介詞有一大部分是表示方位、范圍的，這就涉及一些表示方位的介詞，這時(shí)可以根據(jù)其漢語(yǔ)意思來解答此類試題。2.固定短語(yǔ)法關(guān)于介詞的固定搭配，在解答試題時(shí)，要注意從句子中找出中心詞匯，也就是這個(gè)詞和選項(xiàng)中的詞能夠構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定搭配，符合句子意思，這樣問題就會(huì)很快被解決。如第5題。3.利用置入法解決介詞短語(yǔ)的相關(guān)題目關(guān)于介詞短語(yǔ)的相關(guān)題目，一般采用將介詞短語(yǔ)置入句子，并進(jìn)行逐一翻譯的方法。解決此類題目的關(guān)鍵就是平時(shí)多積累相關(guān)知識(shí)，然后讀懂題干的含義?？键c(diǎn)1語(yǔ)境詞義辨析1.Everybodywastouchedwordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.A.beyondB.withoutC.ofD.in答案A解析beyondwords表示“在言語(yǔ)之外”，即不能用言語(yǔ)來表達(dá)，也就是“無法形容”了。句意為：聽到她的感人故事之后，他們都感動(dòng)得無以言表。2.astageactor，afilmactormustbeabletoperformsmallscenesoutofsequenceandoftendaysapartintime.A.IncludingB.UnlikeC.RegardingD.Like答案B解析including包括；unlike跟不一樣，不像；regarding關(guān)于；like跟一樣。句意為：與戲劇演員不同，電影演員必須能夠在打亂了先后順序，常常是在相隔幾天的情況下拍一些短鏡頭。3.Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowupinfluencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.(2016·浙江，7)A.onB.inC.atD.about答案B解析句意為：該項(xiàng)研究表明，我們成長(zhǎng)的文化環(huán)境會(huì)影響我們看我們周圍的世界的基本過程。inthecultures在的文化中，為固定搭配，故選B。4.Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomesanimalsbothonlandandsea？(2015·浙江，3)A.aboutB.toC.withD.over答案B解析句意為：你聽說過是海陸兩棲動(dòng)物棲息地的樹嗎？behometo為固定搭配，意為“是的棲息地，是的家園”。考點(diǎn)歸納常用介詞如in，on，for，with，against，of，beyond，out of，across等含義較多，應(yīng)全面掌握。(1)against有“違背，違逆；反對(duì)；對(duì)不利；倚；靠；碰撞；預(yù)防；襯托”之意。An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看來意見達(dá)成一致是不可能了，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會(huì)成員都反對(duì)。(2)beyond可表示“范圍，限度”，意為“超出，為所不及”。常用短語(yǔ)：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control “無法用語(yǔ)言形容/無法用語(yǔ)言描述/難以想象/不能相信/夠不著/管不了”。Tobeacknowledgedasthefirsttoreceivethishonorisbeyondexpressioninwordsforme.被選為第一位接受此殊榮的人，我實(shí)在無法用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)自己的感受。(3)by可表示“程度或增減的幅度”，還可作“按；以計(jì)；依據(jù)”講。AsfarasIknow，workersaregenerallypaidbythemonth.據(jù)我所知，工人們的工資通常按月來付。(4)for有“就而言；從來看；達(dá)，計(jì)；為”之意。Thebiggestconcernformostofusisthequalityofpubliceducation.我們大多數(shù)人最關(guān)心的是公共教育的質(zhì)量問題。(5)off有“在離不遠(yuǎn)處；在沿海的海面”之意。TheWellHotelstandsinaquietplaceoffthemainroadatthefarendofthelake.威爾旅館坐落于湖盡頭的主干道附近一個(gè)非常安靜的地方。(6)across有“橫跨”之意。Itcanrunacrosswaterforadistanceofseveralmeters，avoidinggettingwetbyrapidlyhittingthewaterssurfacewithitsfeet.它可以在水面上跑數(shù)米的距離，通過用腳快速拍打水面避免弄濕全身。(7)on/upon有“剛就；一就”之意，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。On/Uponhearingthefunnystory，everyoneburstintolaughter.一聽到這個(gè)滑稽的故事，大家都哈哈大笑起來。(8)over可表示時(shí)間，意為“在期間；直到結(jié)束”。ImsorryIdidntphoneyou，butIvebeenverybusyoverthepastcoupleofweeks.很抱歉我沒有給您打電話，但是在過去的兩周里我一直很忙?？键c(diǎn)2介詞短語(yǔ)辨析1.Thespecialschoolacceptsalldisabledstudents，educationallevelandbackground.A.regardlessofB.accordingtoC.inadditiontoD.intermsof答案A解析regardlessof不管，不顧；accordingto根據(jù)；inadditionto除之外還有；intermsof就而言。句意為：這所特殊的學(xué)校接收所有的殘疾學(xué)生，不管他們的教育水平和背景如何。2.Thatyoungmanishonest，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.，hesreliable.(2016·浙江，6)A.OrelseB.InshortC.BythewayD.Foronething答案B解析句意為：那個(gè)年輕人誠(chéng)實(shí)而且善于合作，總是在你需要幫助的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)?？傊?，他是可靠的。orelse否則，要不然；inshort總之，簡(jiǎn)言之；bytheway順便說一下；foronething一方面。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B。3.Thismeetingroomisanon-smokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyouthatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.(2015·湖北，30)A.inadvanceB.indetailC.intotalD.ingeneral答案A解析句意為：這個(gè)會(huì)議室是“無煙區(qū)”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在這里吸煙，你將會(huì)被罰款。根據(jù)題干中that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可知，說話者是在“提前”告訴對(duì)方這一事實(shí)，所以選擇inadvance。indetail詳細(xì)地；intotal總共；ingeneral一般來說?？键c(diǎn)歸納1.幾組常見的介詞短語(yǔ)(1)outof名詞outofquestion毫無疑問；outofthequestion不可能；outoforder次序顛倒；outofsight看不見；outofplace不合適；outofpity出于同情；outofcuriosity出于好奇(2)in名詞inpower掌權(quán)；ingoodcondition狀態(tài)良好；indespair絕望地；in public/secret公開地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保養(yǎng)得好/不好；in charge負(fù)責(zé)，掌管；inahurry匆忙；inanger生氣；introuble有困難(3)in名詞介詞incaseof以防萬一；inhonorof為了紀(jì)念；infavorof支持；inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念；inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)；intermsof從角度；inneedof需要；inpraiseof表?yè)P(yáng)；inviewof鑒于；inreturnfor作為對(duì)的回報(bào)；inresponseto對(duì)的答復(fù)或反應(yīng)(4)under名詞undercontrol受控；underattack遭到攻擊；underway在進(jìn)行中；underdiscussion在討論；underconsideration在討論/考慮中(5)at名詞atwork在工作；atplay在玩耍；atdinner在吃飯；atease輕松，自由自在；atwar在打仗(6)on名詞onfire著火；onpurpose故意地；onduty值日；onthephone在打電話；onleave在休假；onholiday在度假；onawalk在散步；ontherise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行(7)toones情感名詞toonessurprise令某人驚訝的是；toonesjoy使某人高興的是；toonesdisappointment令某人失望的是；toonesdelight使某人高興的是2.注意下列短語(yǔ)中介詞的用法fornothing不花錢，免費(fèi)comeacrosstheroom穿過房間feellikedoingsth.想要做某事getpaidbytheweek按周獲得報(bào)酬beparticularabout.對(duì)苛求、挑剔withsatisfaction滿意地besecondtonone不輸于任何人；不比任何東西差ononesown獨(dú)自地ingreatquantity大量地，大批量ingreatdemand需求量很大takeaturnforthebetter正朝更好的方向發(fā)展keepaneyeon照看，照料withthehelpof在的幫助下undertheleadershipof在的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下thearticleinthenewspaper報(bào)紙上的文章abirdinthetree樹上的鳥applesonthetree樹上的蘋果ticketsfortheconcert音樂會(huì)的票inthedirectionof朝著的方向fromthedirectionof從的方向setanexampletosb.給某人樹立榜樣3.下列短語(yǔ)中to為介詞belongto屬于datebackto追溯到lookforwardto盼望；期望beaddictedto沉溺于beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于be/getusedtodoing.習(xí)慣于做bedevotedto.致力于stickto堅(jiān)持1.Cambridgegaveapositiveanswerinquiriesonwhetheritrecognizedgaokaoscores.(2019·南京高三模擬)A.infavorofB.inresponsetoC.insalutetoD.inconsequenceof答案B解析句意為：在回答是否承認(rèn)高考分?jǐn)?shù)的問題時(shí)，劍橋給出了積極的回答。infavorof支持；inresponseto回應(yīng)；insaluteto致敬；inconsequenceof由于的緣故。表示“回應(yīng)”用inresponseto，故選B。2.Someexpertsthink，genes，intelligencealsodependsonanadequatediet，agoodeducationandanicehomeenvironment.A.insteadofB.exceptforC.apartfromD.farfrom答案C解析insteadof代替；exceptfor除了；apartfrom除之外還；farfrom遠(yuǎn)非。句意為：一些專家認(rèn)為，除了基因，智力還取決于充足的飲食、良好的教育以及良好的家庭環(huán)境。根據(jù)“intelligencealsodependsonanadequatediet，agoodeducationandanicehomeenvironment”可知此處表示“除之外還”，故C項(xiàng)正確。3.modernsocietysheavydependenceonfossilfuelsforenergy，mostpeopleareawarethatthesupplyofthesefuelsislimited.A.ForB.WhileC.DespiteD.As答案C解析for因?yàn)?，為了；while當(dāng)時(shí)，然而(后面接句子)；despite盡管；as隨著，作為。句意為：盡管現(xiàn)代社會(huì)極度依賴化石燃料作為能源，但大部分人意識(shí)到這些燃料的供應(yīng)是有限的。句中使用介詞短語(yǔ)despitemodernsocietysheavydependenceonfossilfuelsforenergy在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示上下文轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故C項(xiàng)正確。4.Allthestudentsfeltdiscouragedbecausetheexercisewastheabilitiesofmostoftheclass.A.underB.beyondC.againstD.over答案B解析句意為：所有學(xué)生都灰心喪氣的，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)練習(xí)超出了班里大多數(shù)人的能力。under在下；beyond超出；against反對(duì)；over在之上。超出某人的能力，用beyondonesability，故選B。5.Wordcamethat30firefightersgavetheirlivestoourcountrynationalpropertysecurity.(2019·南京徐州鹽城常州四月聯(lián)考)A.inexchangeforB.inresponsetoC.intermsofD.incontrastwith答案A解析inexchangefor作為的交換，換??；inresponseto響應(yīng)；intermsof依據(jù)；incontrastwith與對(duì)比。句意為：消息傳來，30名消防員為國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)安全獻(xiàn)出了生命。根據(jù)句意可知，30名消防員用生命換來了國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)的安全，故A項(xiàng)正確。6.Memberconsumersofourstorecanenjoysomediscountstheirmembershipcardswhenshopping.A.incelebrationofB.withreferencetoC.onpresentationofD.forsubmissionto答案C解析incelebrationof為慶祝；withreferenceto關(guān)于；onpresentationof展示；forsubmissionto提交給。句意為：本店會(huì)員消費(fèi)時(shí)出示會(huì)員卡可享受一定的折扣。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“展示，出示”，故C項(xiàng)正確。7.Itisquitemewhyshegaveupsuchagoodchance.Youcangoandaskheryourself.A.beyondB.againstC.acrossD.through答案A解析句意為：我不懂她為什么放棄這么好的機(jī)會(huì)。你可以自己去問問她。beyondsb.意為“超出某人能力/理解范圍”，符合句意。8.WhenIwasayoungchild，Ilikedlyingonthegrassinthebackyardofmyhousethestarrysky，imaginingwhatwasinheaven.A.beyondB.beneathC.acrossD.around答案B解析句意為：當(dāng)我是個(gè)小孩子的時(shí)候，我喜歡躺在我家后院的草地上，在星空下想象著天堂上有些什么。beneath在下面，符合語(yǔ)境。9.Inourschool，lightmusicisoftenplayedclassestomakethestudentsentertainedandrelaxedfor10minutes.A.betweenB.alongC.amongD.over答案A解析句意為：在我們學(xué)校，課間經(jīng)常會(huì)放十分鐘輕音樂，讓學(xué)生們娛樂放松。此處betweenclasses表示“課間(即兩課之間)”。10.Wechattedacoffee，andhetoldmethathehadachanceofferedtohimtoexperiencetheworldbeyondhishometown.A.withB.overC.throughoutD.for答案B解析句意為：我們喝著咖啡聊天，他告訴我，有人給他提供了一次機(jī)會(huì)，(讓他)能體驗(yàn)家鄉(xiāng)以外的世界。這里用介詞over表示“在期間”。強(qiáng)化練(十二).單項(xiàng)填空1.Thenewproductisbeyondallpraiseandhasquicklytakenoverthemarketitssuperiorquality.A.intermsofB.ontopofC.onbehalfofD.byvirtueof答案D解析intermsof就而言；ontopof除之外；onbehalfof代表；byvirtueof由于，憑借。句意為：由于質(zhì)量過硬，這件新產(chǎn)品受到廣泛贊譽(yù)，很快就占領(lǐng)了市場(chǎng)。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該使用“byvirtueof”表示原因。故D項(xiàng)正確。2.Allchildrenshouldgetaccesstoahigh-qualityeducationtheirrace，zipcodeorfamilyincome.(2019·揚(yáng)州高三期末)A.duetoB.regardlessofC.apartfromD.dependingon答案B解析dueto由于；regardlessof不管；apartfrom且不說；dependingon根據(jù)。句意為：所有的孩子都應(yīng)該獲得高質(zhì)量的教育，無論他們的種族、居住地區(qū)和家庭收入如何。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“無論、不管”，故B項(xiàng)正確。3.Manyofusseereadingasaninvestmentinourselves，soitsonlynaturalthatwewanttolearnsomethingusefulourefforts.A.inviewofB.inresponsetoC.inparallelwithD.inreturnfor答案D解析句意為：我們很多人把閱讀看作對(duì)我們自己的投資，因此我們想要學(xué)習(xí)有用的東西作為我們努力的回報(bào)就顯得再自然不過了。inreturnfor作為的回報(bào)，符合語(yǔ)境。inviewof由于，鑒于；inresponseto作為對(duì)的回應(yīng)；inparallelwith與同時(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。4.TheUKwillplayahugeroleintheBeltandRoadcountries，notjusttradeandcapitalflows，butalsopeopletopeopleflows.A.intermsofB.inviewofC.infavorofD.inregardto答案A解析句意為：英國(guó)將會(huì)在“一帶一路”項(xiàng)目中扮演非常重要的角色，不僅僅是在貿(mào)易和資金流動(dòng)方面，也包括人文交流。intermsof在方面，就來說；inviewof鑒于，考慮到；infavorof支持；inregardto關(guān)于。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，故選A。5.Accordingtothecompanysrule，onespaymentistheworkdone，nottothetimespentdoingit.(2019·如皋高三三模)A.inproportiontoB.inadditiontoC.incontrasttoD.inregardto答案A解析句意為：根據(jù)該公司的規(guī)定，一個(gè)人的報(bào)酬與所做的工作成比例，而不是與所花的時(shí)間成比例。inproportionto與成比例；inadditionto除之外(還有，也)；incontrastto與形成對(duì)照；inregardto關(guān)于。根據(jù)題意，故選A。6.MaybesomeofyouarecuriousaboutwhatmylifewaslikeonthestreetsbecauseIveneverreallytalkedaboutit.(2019·如皋高三二模)A.inplaceB.inturnC.inforceD.indepth答案D解析句意為：也許你們中的一些人對(duì)我在街上的生活是什么樣子很好奇，因?yàn)槲覐奈凑嬲钊氲卣務(wù)撨^它。inplace就位，適當(dāng)?shù)?；inturn反過來，輪流地；inforce有效地；indepth深入地，全面地。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“一些人對(duì)我在街上的生活很好奇”，是因?yàn)槲覜]有“深入(indepth)”談?wù)撨^，故選D。7.Aftershebecameill，IfeltwithhershewascheerywhileIfeltgloomy.(2019·徐州高三模擬)A.outoftuneB.outofbreathC.outofcuriosityD.outofmind答案A解析句意為：她病后，我覺得與她格格不入她高興而我沮喪。outoftune格格不入；outofbreath上氣不接下氣；outofcuriosity出于好奇心；outofmind心不在焉。故選A。8.Thenaughtyboyjumpedsuddenlythebranches，whichsurprisedmealot.A.fromB.overC.fromamongD.fromabove答案C解析fromamong從的中間/之間，這種現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)中叫做雙重介詞。根據(jù)題意可知選C項(xiàng)。句意為：那個(gè)淘氣的男孩突然從樹枝間跳了下來，嚇了我一大跳。9.theproblemsputforwardatthemeeting，wemusthaveafurtherdiscussionlater.A.AswithB.AsfromC.AstoD.Asif答案C解析aswith如同，和一樣，就而言；asfrom從時(shí)起；asto談到，關(guān)于，至于；asif好像，似乎。句意為：關(guān)于會(huì)議上提出的問題，我們以后必須進(jìn)一步討論。10.Showingaclearattitudetheislandargumentisprobablythemostimportantthingwelldo.A.supposingB.includingC.providingD.concerning答案D解析concerning在此句中用作介詞，意為“關(guān)于”。句意為：關(guān)于島嶼爭(zhēng)端表現(xiàn)出清晰的態(tài)度可能是我們將要做的最重要的事情。11.thesecuritychallengesinthenorthernpartofNigeria，manyChinesecitizensstilldobusinessthereandhavebuiltstrongrelationshipswiththelocals.A.InspiteofB.OnaccountofC.IncaseofD.Forlackof答案A解析inspiteof盡管，雖然；onaccountof由于，因?yàn)?；incaseof萬一；forlackof缺乏。句意為：盡管尼日利亞北部面臨著安全挑戰(zhàn)，許多中國(guó)公民仍然在那里做生意，并與當(dāng)?shù)厝私⒘死喂痰年P(guān)系。12.Peopleofthehighestposition，cultureandeducation，haveoftenasgreathardshipsasthecommonpeople.A.inlightofB.incourseofC.inanticipationofD.inrespectof答案D解析in light of根據(jù)，鑒于；in course of在過程中；in anticipation of期待，預(yù)期；in respect of關(guān)于，涉及。句意為：關(guān)于文化和教育方面，地位最高的人往往和普通人一樣有很大的困難。13.Dependingonyourpreferences，youcancreateanewprogramanduseittheoldone.A.indefenseofB.inplaceofC.inspiteofD.incaseof答案B解析indefenseof為辯護(hù)；inplaceof代替；inspiteof盡管；incaseof萬一。句意為：根據(jù)你的喜好，你可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的程序來代替這個(gè)舊的。14.Iwentalongthinkingnothing，onlylookingatthingsaroundme.A.inbriefB.indoubtC.inparticularD.inneed答案C解析inbrief總之，簡(jiǎn)單地說，簡(jiǎn)而言之；indoubt有疑問，成問題；inparticular尤其，特別；inneed需要，缺乏。句意為：我一路走著，沒想什么特別的，只是看看我周圍的東西。15.Anyreformofthegovernmentshouldbethepopularmoodandtimes.A.intunewithB.inpreferencetoC.inlightofD.intermsof答案A解析intunewith與協(xié)調(diào)，與一致；inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于；inlightof按照，根據(jù)；intermsof根據(jù)，就而言/來說。句意為：政府的任何改革應(yīng)該與大眾的意愿和時(shí)代相一致。.閱讀理解A(2019·鎮(zhèn)江高三一模)Overthepastfewyears，smarthometechhasbecomemoreandmoreaccessibleanditsincreasinglyeasytofindthatyouveboughtaproductthatincludessmarthomefeatures.Sowhatdoesamodernsmarthomelooklike，andhowcanyoustartbuildingone? Youcouldgettostartmakingyourhomesmarterbythefollowinggadgets.Ecobee4*Measuringbothoccupancyandtemperature，itssensorssignalyourEcobeetoautomaticallyswitchtotherightmode.*Itonlytakesabout30minutes，thankstoaneasy-to-followinstallationguideandanin-appstep-by-stepwalkthrough.*Easilyadjusttemperatureusingyourvoicewithbuilt-inAlexaorfromwhereveryouareusingyourmobiledevices.AmazonSmartPlug*AmazonSmartPlugworkswithAlexatoaddvoicecontrol.*Schedulelights，fans，andappliancestoturnonandoffautomatically，orcontrolthemremotelywhenyoureaway.*Itssimpletosetupanduse.Plugin，openAlexaapp，andstartusingyourvoice.ThePhilipsHueWhiteSmartBulb*ItworkswithAmazonAlexatosupportdimmingthroughvoicecontrol.*Scheduleyourowncustomlightingscenes.Setthesmartbulbstoturnonandoffatapre-settime.*Toinstall，simplyscrew(擰) thesmartbulbsintoyourdesiredlightlocation.*Controlsmart-bulb-equippedlampsandoverheadlightsviathePhilipsHueApp.AugustSmartLockPro*ItworkswithAlexaforvoicecontrol (Alexadevicesoldseparately).*Controlkeylessaccess.Itlocksautomaticallybehindyou，andunlocksasyouapproach.*Installinabout10minuteswithjustascrewdriver(螺絲刀).16.Whatdothefourgadgetshaveincommon?A.UsefulPhilipsHueApp.B.Beautifullightingscenes.C.Easyinstallationandsimpleset-up.D.Pleasanttemperature.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過對(duì)比四種小工具介紹內(nèi)容可知，四種工具都提到了安裝便捷，容易設(shè)置的特點(diǎn)。故選C。17.Thispassageisintendedto.A.introducethegadgetsofsmarthomeB.provideadviceforhomedecorationC.comparethegadgetswithothersD.showthepopularityofthegadgets答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段最后一句“Youcouldgettostartmakingyourhomesmarterbythefollowinggadgets.”告知了可以開始通過以下的小工具讓你的家變得更智能，文章主要介紹了四種智能工具，故文章主要目的是為了介紹這些家庭智能工具。故選A。BNotonlydoestheuseofplasticwaterbottleshurtyourwallet，butitalsoincreasespollutionandwastesenergyandwater.Only23%ofallplasticinAmericaendsupinarecyclingbin，meaningover$1billionworthofplasticistreatedasrubbishayear.Recently，SkippingRocksLabhasinventedakindofwaterbottlecalledOoho.Itisaconvenient，clearwaterbottlethatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.Todrinkit，youcaneitherpeeloff(剝?nèi)? themembrane(薄膜) ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewaterintoyourmouth.Toeatit，yousimplyputthewholebottleinyourmouth.OneproblemthescientistshaverunintoishowtoshiplargequantitiesofOohobubbles(泡) withoutarrivingwithaverywettruck.However，theyhaveattemptedtopackageunitsofindividualbubblestogetherinsidealargerandthickermembrane.Itistargetinglargeoutdoorevents，suchasmarathons，musicfestivals，andsportingevents，wheretonsofplasticbottlesareused，andfrequentlyleftbehindaslitter.Andtoomuchplasticissuretodoharmtotheenvironment，whichcouldaccountfortheirpurposeofsuchanewinvention.TheteamhasbeenworkingforthepasttwoyearstodevelopthetechnologyandmaterialsneededtoproduceOohos；theyhaverecentlyappliedforapatentfortheirnewadvancements.Thepriceforanindividualbubbleoraunitofbubbleshasnotbeensetyet，butitcostsabouttwocentstocreateaunit，whichischeaperthanplasticbottles.TheteamhasalsobeensellingOohosinLondonforthepastsixmonthsatstands.TheyhaveappearedateventsinLondon，SanFrancisco，Boston，atconferences，festivals，andsoon.TheOohoiscatchingmanypeoplesattentionandhasraisedover$1millionandgained1,000investorsinonlythreedays.Itismostlybeingsoldateventsatthemomenttokeeptheconsumersinterestwhiletheproductionmachineisincreasingandrunning.Itisquicklymakingarise，sokeepaneyeoutthisyearforthesebottlesofthefuture.18.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph1wanttosay?A.Americasplasticwasteisaseriousproblem.B.Americasplasticrecyclinghasfallenbehind.C.Americasplasticconsumptionisingreatdemand.D.Americasplasticproductscomeinagreatvariety.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，塑料浪費(fèi)在美國(guó)是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題。故選A項(xiàng)。19.WhatcanweinferabouttheOohofromthepassage?A.Ithasntbeenputintopracticaluse.B.Itadoptsaverycomplexproductionprocess.C.Itiseasyandsafetoshipinlargeamounts.D.Itmaybesoldatalowerpricethanplasticbottles.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，這種儲(chǔ)水容器的售價(jià)可能會(huì)比塑料瓶的低，故選D項(xiàng)。20.Whatstheauthorsattitudetowardsthefutureofthisnewinvention?A.Hopeful.B.Cautious.C.Doubtful.D.Worried.答案A解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Itisquicklymakingarise，sokeepaneyeoutthisyearforthesebottlesofthefuture.”可知，作者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該期待這種儲(chǔ)水容器的未來，由此可推知，作者對(duì)這種儲(chǔ)水容器的未來是充滿希望的。故選A項(xiàng)。.任務(wù)型閱讀(2019·海安縣高三期末)RobertF.KennedyoncesaidthatacountrysGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile”.WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion，andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult，itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawed(有缺陷的) concept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures，theUKsGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld，withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell，thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit，despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountryseconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured，theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP，over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth，educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges，thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes，therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash，butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation，majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisntthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety，incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn: WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountryssuccess，theworldlooksverydifferent.So，whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations，asameasure，itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomesallthingsthatcontributetoapersonssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimproving