（浙京津魯瓊專(zhuān)版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題二 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測(cè)題 二 代詞指代題學(xué)案 新人教版

二、代詞指代題(2019·全國(guó)，A)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco­authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahlswritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matildasbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfunnyandfrightening，buttheyrealsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiItsabouttwosistersEri，amodelwhoeitherwontorcantstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister，Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFlynnTherewasabitofmethatdidntwanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid，butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.TherestensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.Itsarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhatsgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworldspopulation，abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.21Whodoes“I”refertointhetext?AStephenKing.BGillianFlynn.CJoUsmar.DRoaldDahl.答案C解析代詞指代題。由標(biāo)題MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段內(nèi)容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作的。故選C。22WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?ACosmopolitan.BMatilda.CAfterDark.DTheStand.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AfterDark部分中的第一句“ItsabouttwosistersEri，amodelwhoeitherwontorcantstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.”可知答案為C。23WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?AAfolktale.BAbiography.CAlovestory.DAhorrorstory.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GoneGirl部分中的“.thehorrorstoryisbrilliant.”可知答案為D。一、題型解讀代詞指代題常出現(xiàn)在人物或事物變換多，動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)換頻繁的語(yǔ)境中，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷人稱(chēng)代詞、不定代詞和指示代詞。有時(shí)也會(huì)考查定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的指代內(nèi)容。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which.”referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which.”inParagraph.refersto“”二、解題技巧“就近原則”判指代第一步：明確代詞所指代內(nèi)容的位置代詞永遠(yuǎn)出現(xiàn)在原詞之后，故代詞所指代的內(nèi)容在這一句的前面一句中，或者前幾句中。第二步：熟悉代詞的含義(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等關(guān)系代詞指代其所修飾的先行詞，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中which可指代前面整句話(huà)的內(nèi)容。第三步：替換核實(shí)再比較(1)用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換畫(huà)線(xiàn)代詞，核實(shí)句意是否合理，前后內(nèi)容是否一致。(2)比較所代部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。例如：【真題感悟】中第21題。由標(biāo)題MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段內(nèi)容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作的。故C選項(xiàng)正確。A2019·江西省名校(臨川一中、南昌二中)聯(lián)考Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard，maybegrillingorenjoyingabasketballgame，whensuddenlyyounoticethateverythinggoesquiet？Thereisanoldphrase“calmbeforethestorm”，oftenusedinasituationaquietperiodjustbeforeagreatactivityorexcitement.Accordingtoourownexperience，weknowthereisactuallycalmbeforethestorm.Butwhat8causesthiscalm？Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofstorm，thesimplestkindofstormasingle­cellthunderstorm.Inthistypeofthunderstorm，thereisusuallyonlyonemainstreamof9current，whichiswarm,5dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel，sotheytypicallydrawthatairinfromsurroundingenvironment.Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromalldirectionsevenfromthedirectioninwhichthestormistraveling.11Asthewarm，dampairispulledintoastormsystem，itleavesalow­pressurevacuum(真空) comingafter.Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds，thusthetemperatureofthewarm，dampairdrops，andthewatervaporinitchangesinto6tinydropsthatarea1preconditionofrain.Thesedrops2accumulateandbuildonlargerparticles(顆粒) likedust，untiltheygrowlargeenoughto10formraindrops.Thiswarm，dampairkeepsmovingupwards，butitbecomescooleranddrierduringitstripthroughcloud.Whenitreachesthetopofthecloud，theairissqueezedoutatthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebigthunderclouds.Fromthere，theairgoesdown.Warmanddryairisrelativelystable，andonceitcoversaregion，thatair，inturn，causesthecalmbeforeastorm.Mostthunderstorms，though，dontstartwithcalm.Thatsbecausemostareactuallygroupsofstormswithcomplexwindpatterns.Theressomuchairmovingupanddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbeforethestormneverhappens.Instead，beforethestorm，itmightbereallywindy!語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，解釋了暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)臨前的平靜的原因，并指出并非所有的暴風(fēng)雨都始于平靜。1Whichbestfitsthedescriptionofaparticularkindofstorm?AAthunderstormwithasingleshape.BAthunderstormwithoutstrongwinds.CAstormwithairdrawnfromeverydirection.DAstormfueledbymovingairfromtheground.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句的內(nèi)容“在這種類(lèi)型的雷暴中，通常只有一股主要?dú)饬?，那就是?lái)自地面附近溫暖潮濕的空氣”可知，特殊的雷暴是指由地面移動(dòng)的空氣推動(dòng)的風(fēng)暴。故D項(xiàng)正確。2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?AThewarmandwetair.BThewarmanddryair.CThecoldandwetair.DThecoldanddryair.答案A解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前的“Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds，thusthetemperatureofthewarm，dampairdrops”可知，上升的空氣與干冷空氣相遇，因此溫暖潮濕的空氣的溫度下降，其中的水蒸氣變成微小的水滴，這是下雨的先決條件，由此可知，畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞指的是前面提到的溫暖潮濕的空氣，故A項(xiàng)正確。3Whichdoesthewritermostlikelyagreeto?APresenceofthecalmreliesonstableair.BAllthunderstormsdontstartwiththecalm.CThedriertheairis，thebiggerthestormwillbe.DStormhappenswithoutairmovingupanddown.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Mostthunderstorms，though，dontstartwithcalm.”可知，然而，大多數(shù)雷暴并非始于平靜，由此可知，并非所有的暴風(fēng)雨都始于平靜，故B項(xiàng)正確。4Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?AAbriefintroductionofapeacefulstorm.BApersonalexperienceofaheavystorm.CAnexplanationofthecalmbeforeastorm.DAnanalysisofcausesandeffectsofastorm.答案C解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butwhatcausesthiscalm? Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm？”可知，本文主要解釋了暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)臨前的平靜的原因，故C項(xiàng)正確。B(2019·湖南長(zhǎng)沙雅禮中學(xué)模擬)Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworldsbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsaboutthe7impactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.12Thescientists，ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)，aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.Lastyear，partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解) away，formingahugeicebergA68whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon，andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudy3marinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange，”shesaid.“Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater.”P(pán)rofessorDavidVaughan，sciencedirectorattheBAs，said，“Weneedtobebold(大膽的) onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthereslotsofseaiceinthearea，butthisisimportantscience，sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.”HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters.“Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm，thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie.”ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth，areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch，publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience，EngineeringandMedicine，said，“Atthecurrentrate，theworldsoceanwillbe，onaverage，atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”However，itfoundthattheprocessis4accelerating，andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica，thestudyshows.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。南極地區(qū)的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68冰山。冰山下面顯現(xiàn)的新的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為科學(xué)家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的機(jī)會(huì)。5Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?ATostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.BTostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.CToexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.DToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知，科學(xué)家著急趕去世界最大的冰山是為了在其受到光照影響之前研究這座冰山下面的新的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B。6Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisone”inthefourthparagraphreferto?ATheLarsenCiceshelf.BClimatechangeinAntarctica.CTheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.DTheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.答案C解析代詞指代題。由第三段“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife.”可知，A68冰山的形成為科學(xué)家提供了研究海洋生物的獨(dú)一無(wú)二的機(jī)會(huì)，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan認(rèn)為科學(xué)家要果敢地抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。7WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?AItisasbigasLondon.BItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.CItwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.DIthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“.whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon.”可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由第四段第二句中的“LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthereslotsofseaiceinthearea.”可知拉森C冰架位于南極地區(qū)，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由第一段最后一句中的“toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”可知D選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有提到。8Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?AThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.BTheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.CManycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.DBy2100，thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.答案D解析推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“.Atthecurrentrate，theworldsoceanswillbe，onaverage，atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”可推測(cè)D選項(xiàng)正確。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分的意思1Inthecurrentglobaleconomy，peaceisthepreconditionandguaranteeforstabledevelopment.前提2Aspeopleaccumulatemorewealth，theytendtospendagreaterproportionoftheirincome，enjoyinglife.積累3ItisoneofEuropesfinestaquariums(水族館)，whichishometovariousseafishandothermarineanimals.海洋的4Basedonthenewtheory，onedaywellbeabletoacceleratehealinginhumansbyturningoffthep21gene.加速(二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換5Somechopsticksgrowmould(霉) whenexposedtodampairforalongtime，whichmayleadtolivercancer(肝癌)，thereportsaid.wet6Mothernatureisfullofwonders.Creaturesastinyasabutterflycandothingswecouldneverhaveimagined.small7Attheyoungageof21，SwiftTaylorhasalreadymadeamajorimpactonmusicandhasbeenanincrediblerolemodelforyoungwomeneverywhere.influence/effect(三)一詞多義8causev導(dǎo)致n原因；事業(yè)(1)Weshouldbedevotedtofurtheringthecauseofculturalcooperation.n.事業(yè)(2)Itissaidthatglobalwarmingiscausedbytheactivitiesofhumans.v.導(dǎo)致(3)Carsareoneoftheleadingcausesofairpollutionintheworldtoday.n.原因9currentadj.當(dāng)前的n(氣/水/電/洋)流(1)ProfessorHeidiJohansen­Berg，aneurologist(神經(jīng)學(xué)者) atOxfordUniversity，hasdiscoveredthatfiringatinyelectricalcurrenttopartofthebraincanhelppeoplelearnfaster.n.(電)流(2)Hewantstosellthehouseforitscurrentmarketvalue.adj.當(dāng)前的10formn形式；種類(lèi)；表格v.形成(1)Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.n.種類(lèi)(2)Badhabits，onceformed，aredifficulttogiveuporcorrect.v.形成(3)Ahouseholdheaterabsorbsenergyintheformofelectriccurrentandreleasesitintheformofheat.n.形式(4)Youwillbeaskedtofillinaformwithdetailsofyourbirthandoccupation.n.表格.長(zhǎng)難句理解11Asthewarm，dampairispulledintoastormsystem，itleavesalow­pressurevacuum(真空) comingafter.句式分析本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。其中as引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為leaves，表示“留下”。精美譯文當(dāng)溫暖潮濕的空氣被吸入風(fēng)暴中時(shí)，會(huì)留下一個(gè)低壓真空帶。12Thescientists，ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)，aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.句式分析本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。其中主句主語(yǔ)為thescientists，ledby為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為aretrying，that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞anewlyrevealedecosystem。精美譯文由英國(guó)南極調(diào)查局(BAS)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的科學(xué)家們正試圖找到一個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，這個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在拉森C冰架下隱藏了12萬(wàn)年。強(qiáng)化練(十七).閱讀理解AMostofBangladeshisatorbelowsealevel.Risingseawaterslinkedtoclimatechangehasseverelyaffectedthecountry.Highwaterfromstormsincoastalareasalsoaddssalttosoil.Thelandisbecomingsalty.Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.Morethan155millionpeopleliveinBangladesh.GrowingcropsisthemostcommonwayBangladeshissupportthemselves.Tofindawayout，farmersinthecountryarelearningtogrowvegetablesinso­called“verticalgardens”Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.Averticalgardeniseasytomake.Villagersfillcontainerswithgoodsoilandnaturalfertilizers.Theyputthecontainersonbrickssotheyareofftheground.Theyaddpiecesofthebrickstothesoiltohelpwaterflowanddrain(排水)Thefarmerscutsmallholesintothesidesofthecontainers.Thispermitsvegetableswithshortrootsaplacetogrow.Vegetableswithlongrootsgrowontopofthecontainer.Onebagofsoilcanproduceuptoeightkilogramsofvegetablesinoneseason.Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This“verticaltower”measuresmorethanameterwide.Eachofthesetowerscanproducemorethan100kilogramsofvegetables.Itcostsabout$12$13tobuild.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文?！稗r(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量減少”是孟加拉國(guó)的一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。為了找到出路，這個(gè)國(guó)家的農(nóng)民正在學(xué)習(xí)在所謂的“垂直花園”里種植蔬菜。1WhatismentionedasabigproblemforBangladesh?ASevereclimateconditions.BToomanypeopletosupport.CLackofenoughfreshwater.DReducedcropproductivity.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.”可知，“農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量減少”是孟加拉國(guó)的一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。故選D。2Whichmainlymakesvegetablegrowinginverticalgardenssuccessful?APlacesinthesoilforroots.BHeavyrainskeptinthesoil.CThegoodsoilwithlittlesalt.DBrickpiecesaddedtothesoil.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.”可知，少鹽的好土讓垂直花園的蔬菜種植成功。故選C。3Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?ABricks.BFertilizers.CVillagers.DContainers.答案D解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段可知，垂直花園很容易建造。村民們用好土和天然肥料裝滿(mǎn)容器。他們把容器放在磚上，這樣它們就離地了。他們?cè)谕寥乐屑尤氪u塊來(lái)幫助水流和排水。由此推知畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞they指代的是“容器”。故選D。4Whatcanweinferabouttheverticaltower?AItisofftheground.BItdrainsveryimproperly.CItusesbambooforcontainers.DItisunfitforgrowingvegetables.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.Thisverticaltowermeasuresmorethanameterwide.”可知，農(nóng)民們也在由竹子支撐的大而薄的塑料片制成的容器里種植蔬菜。這個(gè)“verticaltower”有一米多寬。故選A。B(2019·河南新鄉(xiāng)二模)WhenIwasfiveorsixyearsold, IrememberwatchingTVandseeingotherchildrensufferinotherpartsoftheworld.Iwouldsaytomyself, “WhenIgrowup, whenIcangetrich, Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld.”At17, IstartedmycareerhereinAmerica, andbytheageof18, Istartedmyfirstcharityorganization.Iwentontoteamupwithotherorganizationsinthefollowingyears, andmet, helped, andevenlostsomeofthemostbeautifulsouls, fromsix­year­oldJasminaAnemawhopassedawayin2010fromleukemia(白血病), whosestoryinspiredthousandstovolunteerasdonors, to2012whengrandmotherlostherbattlewithcancer, whichistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF)Wereallhuman.Andwealljustwantachance: achanceatlife, achanceineducation, achanceatafuture, really.AndatCLF, ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible, butitstartswithjustone.Peoplemakeitseemtoohardtodocharitywork.Thetruthis, youdonthavetoberichtohelpothers.Youdontneedtobefamous.Youdontevenhavetobecollege­educated.Butitstartswithyourneighbor，thepersonrightnexttoyou，thepersonsittingnexttoyouinclass，thekiddowntheblockinyourneighborhood.Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyoucan.Andtoday，Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitmenttohelponeperson，oneorganization，onesituationthattouchesyourheart.Mygrandmotheralwaysusedtosay, “Ifyouvegotadollar, theresplentytoshare.”語(yǔ)篇解讀文章介紹了作者從小立志要幫助其他孩子，在作者祖母去世后，作者成立了CLF幫助身邊的人，作者建議人們做一些小事情幫助身邊的人。5Whatdidtheauthorwanttodoatayoungage?AWatchTV.BGrowupquickly.CBecomewealthy.DHelpotherchildren.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，特別是最后一句“WhenIgrowup, whenIcangetrich, Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld.”可知，作者小的時(shí)候想要幫助其他的孩子。故選D。6WhatdirectlycausedtheauthortocreateanddeveloptheCLF?AAsix­year­oldkidsrequest.BHergrandmothersdeathofcancer.CManyvolunteersinspiration.DOtherorganizationsencouragement.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的句子“.whengrandmotherlostherbattlewithcancer, whichistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation( CLF)”可知，作者的祖母因癌癥去世導(dǎo)致她成立了CLF。故選B。7Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph2referto?AAchance.BAtask.CAlife.DAnorganization.答案C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前面的句子“AndatCLF, ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible.”可知下文的one指的是上文的manylives其中之一。故選C。8Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?ADolittlethingstohelpthosearoundthem.BWorkhardtogetacollegeeducation.CChallengetheirfriendstoofferhelp.DDocharityworkwhateveryouare.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子“Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyoucan.”可知，作者建議人們做一些小事情幫助身邊的人。故選A。C(2018·浙江第二次聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Whenourdaughter，Sandy，belongedtotheSt.MarkEvangelicalLutheranGirlPioneersinsixthgrade，theleadersthoughtitwouldbeniceifthegirlsmadepineconewreaths(花環(huán)) fortheirfamiliesasChristmasgifts.Sothegroupgatheredpinecones，puttheminwaterandboughtwirewreathframesandadhesive(黏合劑) toholdeverythinginplace.AfewdaysbeforeChristmas，theyandtheirleadersdeliveredthefinishedhandiwork.Throughtheyears，weproudlyhungupherwreatheachChristmas.In1986，thewreathwashangingonourdoorasusualwhenthetemperatureonChristmasDayreached80degrees.Theadhesivebegantobreakdownandthepineconesstartedfallingalloverourfrontporch.Wetookthewreathdown，planningtorepairit，andgatheredupthepinecones.Thatspring，asmyhusband，Don，wasweedingtheflowerbedinfrontofourhouse，hewassurprisedtodiscoverasmallevergreenplant.Wedecidedtoleaveitalone.Thedeterminedtreekeptgrowing，makingitrightthroughthelongwinter.Whenitgottoobigfortheflowerbedwemovedittothebackofourlot.Asthetreegrew，sodidourfamily，includingfourgrandchildren.Onedaythemenfromtheelectriccompanycametotrim(修剪) ourtrees.Oneofthemsaiditwasashamethatsomedayourniceevergreenwouldhavetobecutdown.WejustcouldntletthathappentoourfaithfulifaccidentalChristmastree.Wedecidedtomoveitagain，thistimetoSandyandherhusbandJoelsnewhouseinthecountry.MyhusbandhelpedJoeldigtheevergreenout.Itwasntreadytoletgowithoutafight.Finally，fivehourslater，thetreecameloose.TheywrappedtherootsasbestastheycouldandputthewholethinginJoelstruck.Afteranhoursdrivetheyplantedthetree.Imhappytoreportthatourbraveevergreenisstillgrowing，nowproducingpineconesofitsown.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的女兒六年級(jí)時(shí)聽(tīng)從她所參加的St.Mark Evangelical Lutheran Girl Pioneers的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的安排，用松球做一個(gè)花環(huán)來(lái)作為家人的圣誕禮物。后來(lái)這個(gè)花環(huán)的松球掉落在她家門(mén)廊前(的土里)，長(zhǎng)出了一棵松樹(shù)(西方通常用松樹(shù)做圣誕樹(shù))，他們一家非常珍惜這棵樹(shù)。9WhatwasaChristmastraditionforthefamily?AMakingdisheswithpinecones.BMakingwreathstogetherwithSandy.CHangingSandyshandiworkonthedoor.DDecoratingtheChristmastreetogether.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句中的“theyandtheirleadersdeliveredthefinishedhandiwork”可知，桑迪在六年級(jí)時(shí)用松球做了這個(gè)手工花環(huán)作為圣誕禮物，根據(jù)第二段中的“Throughtheyears，weproudlyhungupherwreatheachChristmas.onourdoorasusual”可知，作者一家每個(gè)圣誕節(jié)都會(huì)驕傲地在門(mén)上掛上桑迪做的松球花環(huán)。10WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?AWhatthegoodolddayswerelike.BHowthefamilytookcareofthewreaths.CWhattheirattitudetowardChristmaswas.DHowthefamily“treasure”cameintobeing.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句可知，本段主要講述作者一家將松球花環(huán)懸掛在門(mén)上，有一年，這個(gè)花環(huán)的松球掉落在她家門(mén)廊前(的土里)，后來(lái)作者的丈夫就在花壇里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一株松樹(shù)的幼苗。由此可總結(jié)出本段主要講的是作者一家格外珍惜的松樹(shù)的由來(lái)。11Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3mean?ACuttingdowntheevergreen.BLeavingtheevergreenalone.CThemansjudgingthefamily.DHavingtheevergreentrimmedagain.答案A解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二、三句可知，電力公司來(lái)修剪樹(shù)的人中的一個(gè)人說(shuō)，有朝一日我們這棵很棒的松樹(shù)將不得不被砍掉，這是很可惜的。而畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞所在句表示我們絕對(duì)不會(huì)讓這樣的事發(fā)生在我們的樹(shù)身上，再結(jié)合下文中作者一家將樹(shù)移栽到別的地方可知，此處表示我們不會(huì)讓這棵松樹(shù)被砍掉。12Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?AMyFamilyTraditionBMyDaughtersGrowthCABelovedChristmasTreeDASpecialPineConeWreath答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。文章雖然是用松球做的花環(huán)作為圣誕禮物引出的故事，但作者主要是描寫(xiě)一棵長(zhǎng)在自己家里的圣誕樹(shù)。所以答案為C。.七選五(2019·湖北黃岡中學(xué)三模)Duringhis2009TEDGlobaltalk，soundconsultantJulianTreasuresaidtherearefourmajorwaysthatsoundaffectshuman.Whatdofirealarms，carnoisesandalarmclocksallhaveincommon? Theirsoundaffectsusphysiologically(生理上地)13Heartrateincreasesandbreathquickensasthebodypreparestofightapossiblethreatorrunforsurvival.Butaphysiologicalresponsetosoundisntalwaysupsetting.Therhythmic(有節(jié)奏的 ) frequencyofoceanwavesroughlymatchestherhythmofasleepingpersonsbreathing.14Thesecondwaysoundaffectsusispsychologicalitmakesusfeel.Haveyoueverheardapieceofmusicthatmakesyousad？Whetheritsasadsongthatbringstearstoyoureyesorafunnysongthatmakesyoulaugh，musiccanmakeusfeelarangeofemotions.15Whenwehearthecomfortingsingingofbirds，weknowthingsaregoodandsafe.16Thebraintriestogetmeaningfromthewordsandsentenceswehear.Whenyourmom，dad，andlittlebrotherarealltalkingatonceatthedinnertable，thecompetingvoicesmakeithardtofocus.Ourbrainshaveaverysmallbandwidthforprocessingauditory(聽(tīng)覺(jué)的) input，saysTrea