（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法填空 第二部分 語法精析 第五節(jié) 代詞和介詞（短語）學(xué)案 新人教版

第五節(jié)代詞和介詞(短語)1Nervouslyfacingchallenges，IknowIwillwhisperto(I) thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”(2019·北京)答案myself解析考查代詞。句意為：焦慮不安地面臨挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說：“做你自己?！贝颂巜hisperto這一動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者和承受者為同一人，賓語要用反身代詞。故填myself。2Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter­schoolactivitiesarehappierthan(that) whoarenot.(2019·天津)答案those解析考查代詞。句意為：一項(xiàng)研究表明，參加課外活動(dòng)的學(xué)生比不參加課外活動(dòng)的學(xué)生更開心?？崭裉幋~對(duì)應(yīng)thestudents，是復(fù)數(shù)，故填those。3Runningischeap，easyanditsalwaysenergetic.Ifyouaretimepoor，youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports，soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.(2018·全國(guó))答案running/it解析考查名詞或代詞。此處號(hào)召我們嘗試一下這種運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此可以填名詞running，也可以用it指代。givesth.atry嘗試一下某事。4Onecupofcoffeeinthelateafternoonoreveningwillcause(they) tostayawakealmostallnight.(2018·11月浙江)答案them解析考查代詞。此處作動(dòng)詞cause的賓語用賓格形式。故填them。5ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapcanbetoeatout.(2018·6月浙江)答案it解析考查it的用法。句子為感嘆句，正常語序應(yīng)該是itcanbecheaptoeatout.其中不定式toeatout是真正的主語，it是形式主語。故填it。6However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusingeveryday.(2017·全國(guó))答案it解析考查代詞。use是及物動(dòng)詞，其后接賓語，此處明顯缺少代詞。分析句意可知，這里用it指代前句的therailway，故填it。7Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“shethoughtIhadhurt(I)，”saysPahlsson.(2017·6月浙江)答案myself解析考查反身代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，hurt這一動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者和承受者為同一人，故應(yīng)用I的反身代詞形式，意為“她認(rèn)為我傷了我自己”，故填myself。1人稱代詞數(shù)人稱主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞單數(shù)一Imemyminemyself二youyouyouryoursyourself三hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)一weusouroursourselves二youyouyouryoursyourselves三theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2不定代詞含義指代都任何一個(gè)都不兩者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone3one，another，theother，some，others，theothers的區(qū)別一個(gè)/一些另外一個(gè)/一些剩余的一個(gè)/一些單數(shù)oneanothertheother復(fù)數(shù)someotherstheothers單數(shù)onebookanotherbooktheotherbook復(fù)數(shù)somebooksotherbookstheotherbooks4that，those的用法that指代上文提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞(the單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞，與前面的名詞不是同一個(gè)，即同名不同物)。Thestoryismoreinterestingthanthat(thestory) youreadafewdaysago.those指代上文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(the復(fù)數(shù)名詞，同名不同物的復(fù)數(shù))。ThecomputersmadeinChinaareasgoodasthose(thecomputers) madeintheUSA.1Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s，andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全國(guó)) 答案of/for解析考查介詞。此處trackingpolarbearpopulations作Modernmethods的定語，用of連接，methodsofdoingsth.意為“的方法”?；蛘咭鉃椤坝糜诟櫛睒O熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。2Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogs，seventobeexact.(2019·全國(guó))答案of解析考查介詞。apackof意為“一群”，為固定搭配。故填of。3Firstcelebrated1970，theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地區(qū))(2019·北京)答案in解析考查介詞。句意為：第一次慶祝是在1970年。如今，這一天的活動(dòng)遍及190多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。在年份前要用介詞in。故填in。4Theanswerthisquestionisnotclear.(2019·6月浙江)答案to解析考查介詞。句意為：這個(gè)問題的答案不清楚。theanswerto.的答案，為固定搭配。故填to。5Favorablepoliciesareeffecttoencourageemployeesprofessionaldevelopment.(2019·江蘇)答案in解析考查介詞短語。句意為：好的制度政策實(shí)際上都會(huì)激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。ineffect實(shí)際上，為固定搭配，故填in。6Cornuseslesswaterriceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥) runoff.(2018·全國(guó))答案than解析由句中的比較級(jí)less可知，此處將玉米和水稻進(jìn)行比較，故填than。7IwassearchingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasIdbeenobserving.(2018·全國(guó))答案for解析考查介詞。searchfor尋找，為固定搭配。8Isuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmumshomedinner，getafewcookingtipsfromher.(2018·6月浙江)答案for解析考查介詞。gotoyourmumshomefordinner去你媽媽家吃飯。for表示目的，意為“為了要，為了得到”。9Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)amethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdiseasetheverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2017·全國(guó))答案as解析考查介詞。此處指作為抵抗心臟病的一種方法，所以用介詞as。10Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork.(2017·全國(guó))答案from解析考查介詞。traveltoandfromwork上下班。11Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull­timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.(2017·全國(guó))答案in解析考查介詞。關(guān)于某個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)位要用介詞in。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)學(xué)位。1介賓關(guān)系2介詞的基本含義in在里面表示時(shí)間段，加年/月/季節(jié)/世紀(jì)/朝/年代，幾十歲的時(shí)候，還泛指上午、下午或晚上例：in1990，inSeptember，inspring，inthe18thcentury，intheMingDynasty，in1980s，inonestwenties，inthemorning處于狀態(tài)例：ingoodcondition狀態(tài)良好ingoodshape身材好用某種語言/專業(yè) (speak)例：inEnglishinaway在某方面；在某種程度上instrength在力量上incourage在勇氣上on在上在具體的時(shí)間，或具體的上午、下午或晚上例：onOctober1，onSunday，onChristmasDay，onthemorningofMay1關(guān)于(about)身上帶著，有(with)例：haveenoughmoneywith/onmeon(upon)n./doing一就at在某處例：attheairport在時(shí)(刻)例：at600inthemorning在歲(具體)例：at20以價(jià)格、速度例：atahigh/low price以高/低價(jià)ataspeedof.以速度朝，向(某方向或目標(biāo))例：throwat，laughat因而；一聽到/看到/想到就例：attheterriblesightto向，朝(某方向或某處) (指時(shí)間)在(某時(shí)間)之前例：aquartertosix差一刻到六點(diǎn)tenminutestotwo一點(diǎn)五十分屬于(某人/某物)例：thekeytothedoor，theanswertothequestionfor(表示目的)為了例：forpleasure為了好玩(表示對(duì)象)給例：Thereisaletterforyou.對(duì)某人來說例：Itiseasyforus.(表示理由或原因)因?yàn)?，由于例：ThankyouforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.表示“持續(xù)一段時(shí)間”例：foranhour(表示目標(biāo)、去向)往，向例：leavefor，headforthetrainforParis開往巴黎的火車表示“支持，贊同”，反義詞為“against”例：Areyouforthisplanoragainstit?with和在一起例：withafriend有，帶有，具有例：withmoremoney隨著例：withage隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)withtimegoingbyastimegoesby隨著時(shí)間的流逝by靠近，在旁邊例：bythefire在爐火旁按計(jì)算，常用“bythe單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”例：bytheday按日由，靠，通過(表示交通方式)例：bybus乘公交車off下來；離開例：keepoff遠(yuǎn)離，falloff掉下來遠(yuǎn)離，脫離例：offthemainroad遠(yuǎn)離大路，offtrack脫軌休息，休假例：offduty休息(onduty值班)，takeadayoff休班一天across橫過，從一邊到另一邊例：walkacrossthestreet過馬路在對(duì)面例：acrosstheroad在馬路對(duì)面against反對(duì)，違背例：goagainstthelawofnature違背自然規(guī)律靠著例：leanagainstthewall靠墻逆著例：againstthewind逆風(fēng)在映襯下例：Thehilllooksmorebeautifulagainstthebluesky.在藍(lán)天的映襯下，山峰更顯美麗。beyond(表示時(shí)間)表晚于，超過例：beyondvisitinghour超出探視時(shí)間表示范圍、水平、能力等“超出之外；非能力所及”例：beyondoneswildestdreams某人做夢(mèng)也沒想到beyondrecognition認(rèn)不出來增分訓(xùn)練.單句語法填空1Thefirmisalsoresponsiblemillionsofonlineshoppersdetailsaroundtheglobe.答案for解析考查介詞。beresponsiblefor對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)，為固定搭配。句意為：該公司還負(fù)責(zé)全球數(shù)百萬在線購(gòu)物者的詳細(xì)信息。故填for。2ThestudentsspentfivedaysattheirschoollearningexperiencedworkersfromtheMasonryInstituteofIowa，aprofessionalorganization.答案from解析考查介詞。句意為：學(xué)生們?cè)趯W(xué)校里待了五天向愛荷華州磚石協(xié)會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工人學(xué)習(xí)，這是一個(gè)專業(yè)的組織。learnfrom表示“向?qū)W習(xí)”，故填from。3Ifpossible，theycangivetheirparentsagiftonaspecialdayorhelpwithhouseworkaregularbasis.答案on解析考查介詞。句意為：如果可能的話，他們可以在特殊的日子送給父母禮物，也可以定期幫他們做家務(wù)。onaregularbasis經(jīng)常地，定期地，為固定短語，故填on。4Wefoundthatsingingaspartofagroupcontributespeoplesrecoveryfrommentalhealthproblems.答案to解析考查介詞。句意為：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)參與合唱有助于精神疾病的恢復(fù)。contributeto有助于，為固定短語，故用介詞to。5Readingfictionisoneofthebestwayswehaveofputting(we) inotherpeoplesshoes.答案ourselves解析考查反身代詞。句意為：閱讀小說是我們?cè)O(shè)身處地為別人著想的最好方法之一。put的邏輯主語是we，故賓語應(yīng)用反身代詞ourselves。6(they) goalofproducingnotrashisprobablyimpossibletoreach.答案Their解析考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意為：他們的不產(chǎn)生垃圾的目標(biāo)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。goal為名詞，前面需要形容詞修飾，故填形容詞性物主代詞Their，注意句首首字母大寫。7Since2013，thenumberofcouplesaged25to29hasbeengreaterthanofyoungercouples.答案that解析考查代詞。句意為：自2013年以來，25至29歲的夫婦數(shù)量一直高于更年輕的夫婦。分析句子可知，本空指代前面的thenumber，指代前面的同類但不同一事物的詞，故填that。8Theroad(it) hasalreadybeencompleted，andnowitsonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid(輸電網(wǎng))答案itself解析考查反身代詞。道路本身已經(jīng)完成。此處用itself作同位語，故答案為itself。.易錯(cuò)練習(xí)1EverynewyearintheheartlandofindustrialChinathousandsuponthousandsofmotorcyclistsbravetheweatherandhittheroad，determinedtomakehome.答案it解析考查代詞。句意為：每年新年，在中國(guó)工業(yè)中心地帶，成千上萬的摩托車手冒著嚴(yán)寒上路，決心回家。根據(jù)句意可知，他們冒著嚴(yán)寒，也一定要回家，makeit及時(shí)抵達(dá)，走完路程。故填it。2Anotherfriendof(I) realizedthattwooff­dutylifeguards，LizandAlisonManley，werenearby.答案mine解析考查代詞。anotherfriendofmine我的另一個(gè)朋友。of是介詞，這里表所屬關(guān)系，后跟名詞性物主代詞。故填mine。3Accordingtoexperts，thekeytheForbiddenCitysstrength，aswellasotherancientChinesestructures，liesindougong(斗栱)acenturies­oldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.答案to解析考查介詞。key與介詞to搭配，意為“紫禁城堅(jiān)固的關(guān)鍵”。故填to。4ButaTVshow，LettersAlive，ishelpingbringthisoldwaytokeepintouchbackthepresent.答案to解析考查介詞。句意為：見字如面這檔電視節(jié)目正將這一保持聯(lián)系的老方式帶回到現(xiàn)代人的視野。bring.backto.意為“把帶回到”，為固定搭配，故用to。強(qiáng)化練(六).語法填空A(2019·貴州貴陽適應(yīng)性考試一)Franklinslifeisfullofcharmingstorieswhichallyoungmenshouldknow1.hesoldbooksinBoston，andbecametheguestofkingsinEurope；howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin，onlytoquitbecause，ashesaid，hewasnosoldier，andyethelpedtoorganizethearmythatstoodbeforethetrainedtroopsofEnglandandGermany.ThispoorBostonboy，withoutadaysschooling，2.(become) amasterofsixlanguagesandneverstopped3.(study)；thisneglectedapprentice(學(xué)徒) conqueredlightning，madehisnamefamous，4.(receive) degreesanddiplomasfrommanycolleges，andbecame forever remembered as the “Doctor Franklin”， a philosopher，scientist and 5.(politics) leader.Self­made，self­taught，thecandlemakerssongavelight6.alltheworld；thestreetbooksellersetallmensingingofliberty；theapprenticebecamethemostsought­aftermanacrosstheworld，andbroughthisnativelandtopraiseandhonorhim.HebuiltAmerica，forwhatthenationistodayislargelyduetothemanagement，theforethought，thewisdom，andthe7.(able) ofBenjaminFranklin.Hebelongstotheworld，but8.(especial) hebelongstoAmerica.Peoplearoundtheworldhonoredhimwhilehewasliving；heisstillregarded9.theloftiest(崇高的) manbythecommonpeopletodayafterhisdeath.Andhewillliveinpeoples10.(heart) forever.1答案how解析考查副詞。此處與下文中的“howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin”呼應(yīng)，此處表示事情進(jìn)行的方式，故用副詞how。2答案became解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文的“andneverstopped”可知，是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，故也用一般過去時(shí)。3答案studying解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。由句意可知，此處表示“他從未停止學(xué)習(xí)”，stopdoingsth.意為“停止做某事”，故用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。4答案received解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處和conquered，made，became是并列關(guān)系，故用一般過去時(shí)。5答案political解析考查形容詞。修飾名詞用形容詞，故用形容詞political修飾名詞leader，在句子中作定語。6答案to解析考查介詞。givesth.tosb.意為“給某人某物”，故用介詞to。7答案ability解析考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)冠詞the和介詞of以及上文的management，forethought和wisdom可知，此處用名詞ability表示抽象概念。8答案especially解析考查副詞。副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞短語，甚至整個(gè)句子，在句子中作狀語。此處副詞especially修飾整個(gè)句子。9答案as解析考查介詞。regard.as.意為“把看作”，為固定搭配，故用介詞as。10答案hearts解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。heart作“心；內(nèi)心”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)空前的peoples可知，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用名詞復(fù)數(shù)hearts。B(2019·麗水模擬)Twoladieslivinginoppositeapartmentssay“hello”whentheymeeteachotherinthecorridor.Oneofthemsays，“Imovedherefiveyearsago,11.Inevermetyoubefore.CouldIaskyournameplease？”Theothersays，“I12.(be) hereforsixyears.HowshouldIcallyou？”Itseemsveryridiculous13.peoplelivingsoneardontknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However，youcanfindthiskindofstory14. (perform) everywhere.Itistheexact15. (reflect) ofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodernworld.Inthemodernworldmostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone，theywillkilltheirtime16.watchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydonthaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeir17.(close) neighbors，whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayin18.street.Thisphenomenondoesnogoodtous，nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeelmoreandmorelonely.Theworldbecomessoindifferent.Itstimethatwe19. (take) somemeasurestoimproveit.Peoplelivinginthesameplacecan20. (organize) tohavesomeactivities.Weshouldcallonpeopletobefriendlytoeachother.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章通過兩個(gè)鄰居的對(duì)話引出了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)很普遍的現(xiàn)象：鄰居之間非常陌生。之后作者分析了原因并提出了對(duì)策。11答案but解析考查連詞。句意為：我五年前搬到這兒，但是之前我從沒見過你啊。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表轉(zhuǎn)折。故填but。12答案havebeen解析考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：我住在這里已經(jīng)6年了，我該如何稱呼你？根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語forsixyears可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填havebeen。13答案that解析考查主語從句。句意為：人們?nèi)绱碎L(zhǎng)的時(shí)間住這么近還不認(rèn)識(shí)彼此似乎很荒唐。此處為it作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句：peoplelivingsoneardontknoweachotherforsuchalongtime。故填that。14答案performed/beingperformed解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：然而，你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的故事到處都在上演。findsth.done/being done，發(fā)現(xiàn)某事被做了或正在被做。故填performed/beingperformed。15答案reflection解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為：這是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)人際關(guān)系的真實(shí)反映。根據(jù)前面的形容詞exact可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填reflection。16答案by解析考查介詞。句意為：通過看電視或雜志消磨時(shí)間。by表示“通過方式”，故填by。17答案closest解析考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意為：即便與最近的鄰居也沒有任何聯(lián)系。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)。故填closest。18答案the解析考查冠詞。句意為：鄰居們似乎和他們?cè)诖蠼稚厦刻於加龅降娜藳]什么不同。inthestreet在街上。故填the。19答案took/shouldtake解析考查固定句型。句意為：到了我們?cè)摬扇⌒袆?dòng)改善這種現(xiàn)象的時(shí)候了。本題考查虛擬語氣的固定句型Its(high) timethatwedid/should do sth.意為“該到了做某事的時(shí)候了”，故填took/shouldtake。20答案beorganized解析考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意為：住在同一處的人們可以被組織起來舉行一些活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填beorganized。.閱讀理解ADigitalgroundingiswhenparentsorcaregiverslimitorcompletelytakeawayaccesstotechnologyfromchildren.AccordingtoastudyconductedbyPewResearch,65%ofparentshavedigitallygroundedtheirteenbytakingawaytheirteenscellphoneorInternetaccessaspunishment.Becausechildrenaresoconnectedwiththeirtechnologies，digitalgroundingmayseemlikealogicalstepforparents.Takeawayachildsmostcherisheditemandhe/she will quickly learn from his/herbehavior.Buttheideaofdigitalgroundingisntasclear­cutasthat.Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.Formostparents，thegoalofgroundingisnttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.Itistoteachalessoninthehopethattheywontengageinwhateverbehaviorgotthemintroubleinthefirstplace.Unfortunately，though，digitalgroundingisoftenjustpunishment，notdiscipline.Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(約定的最晚回家時(shí)間)，apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingathim/her.Discipline would be not letting him/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/shefailedtofollowrules.Weveallbeentherewevecaughtourchildrendoingsomethingwrongandintheheatofthemomentlaidoutastrictpunishment.Wemayhavebeenfeelinghot­headed，embarrassed，orupset.Often，though，thesepunishmentsdontalignwiththebadbehavior.Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily，itwontprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.Insteadofgrounding，showyourchildrenwhattheydidwrongandgivethemthechancetoactdifferently.Thisway，theywilllearnfromtheirmistakesinapracticalmannerandfigureoutwaystobesafeandsmartwithtechnology.Theresnodenyingthattechnologyishereforthelong­haul.Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdontrecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.Itdoesntfocusontheendgoalofsafebehavior.Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.Bydigitallygroundingthem，youareputtingabandageoverthewound，ratherthantreatingit.Now，whenwesaythatdigitalgroundingisalose­losesituation，werenotsayingthatdiscipliningyourchildreningeneralisalose­losesituation.Disciplineisagreatwaytoteachchildrenlessons，whenusedappropriately.21Whichofthefollowingisaformofdiscipline?AHittingoryellingatchildren.BLayingoutastrictpunishmentintheheatofthemoment.CTakingawayaccesstocellphonesfromchildrencompletely.DForbiddingkidstogooutthenextweekendiftheystayoutpastcurfew.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后兩句“Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(約定的最晚回家時(shí)間)，apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingathim/her.Discipline would be not letting him/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/she failed to follow rules.”可知，一個(gè)孩子超過約定的最晚回家時(shí)間，懲罰就是打他/她或?qū)ζ浯蠛按蠼?。紀(jì)律不會(huì)讓他/她下周末出去，因?yàn)樗?她沒有遵守規(guī)則。故D選項(xiàng)正確。22Whatdoestheauthorthinkofdigitalgrounding?AItbenefitschildrengreatly.BItisnobetterthandisciplining.CParentscanuseittocorrectkidsbehavior.DNeitherparentsnorchildrengainbenefitsfromit.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.”可知，相反，這對(duì)父母和孩子來說可能是一種兩敗俱傷的局面。故D選項(xiàng)正確。23Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdoinsteadofgrounding?AGivekidsmorefreetime.BActappropriatelyinpublic.CHelpkidsformgoodhabits.DPutabandageoverthewound.答案C解析推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.”可知，他們建議盡快教他們好習(xí)慣，而不是拿走他們的科技。故C選項(xiàng)正確。24Whatsthepurposeofthetext?AToinformusofwaysofpunishingkids.BToexplainwhatdigitalgroundingmeans.CToshowhowtoparentchildrenindigitaltimes.DToprovedigitalgroundingisnotagoodparentingway.答案D解析寫作目的題。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.”、第三段第一句“Formostparents，thegoalofgroundingisnttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.”、第五段第一句“Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily，itwontprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.”和第六段第二句“Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdontrecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.”可知，本文的目的是證明“數(shù)碼囚禁”并不是教導(dǎo)孩子的好方法。故D選項(xiàng)正確。BDogsareourbestfriends.Thatsespeciallytrueafteradisaster，suchasanearthquake.Whenbuildingsfalldown，searchandrescuedogshelpfindtrappedpeople.Dogsamazingnosescanpickupthesmellofsurvivors.Nowscientistshavedevelopedanelectronictoolthatdoesthesamething.Itstakingsmelldetection(探測(cè)) toawholenewlevel.Thenewinventionisasortofelectronicnose，whichcandetectextremelylowlevelsofmanycompounds(化合物) frompeoplesskin.Thisisntthefirsttimeengineershavedevelopedsuchanobject.Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Theycouldnotdetectlowlevelsoftargetcompoundseither.Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment.Theelectronicnosecandetectextremelyslightsmellofmorethanonecompoundatthesametime.“Beingabletodothis，insuchasmallobject，isthesignificantdiscovery，”saysSotirisEPratsinis，professorofProcessEngineering&MaterialsScienceattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinZurich.Histeamtesteditinspecialspaces.Theywerelikethesmallspaceswherepeoplemightbetrapped.Chemicalsgivenoffbythevolunteersbuiltupinside.Theelectronicequipmentdetectedthosecompoundsatunbelievablylowlevels.Theresultsweregoodnewsfortheresearchteam.Buttheymaybenotforourfour­leggedfriends，whocouldsoonbeoutofajob.“Ideally，thistechnologycouldreplacesearchandrescuedogs，”Pratsinissays.StephenTaylor，anelectricalengineer，agreesthatthenewtechnologyhassomebenefitsoverdogs.Still，hethinksitmaybetoosoontohaveourtrustyfriendsretire.Hesuspects，“Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdonebythedogs.”Tayloralsopointedoutsomepotentiallimitationsofthenewinvention.“E­nosesareuseful.Buttheycanbeverylikelytobeaffectedbyunstablereadingsandinterruption，”hesays.25Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“bulky”underlinedinParagraph2?AComplex.BFragile.CHandy.DLarge.答案D解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.”和最后一句“Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment.”可知，此處bulky與“smallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment”形成對(duì)比，意為“體積大的”。26WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?AWhate­nosesworkingprincipleis.BHowe­nosesaremade.CWhatdifferencesbetweendogsande­nosesare.DHowpowerfule­nosesare.答案D解析段落大意題。第三段主要講了Pratsinis的團(tuán)隊(duì)在模擬的災(zāi)后人們被困的環(huán)境中做實(shí)驗(yàn)，證明電子鼻能夠檢測(cè)到人們釋放出的微量的化合物，其功能很強(qiáng)大，可以完全勝任救援狗的工作。故D項(xiàng)正確。27WhatdoesStephenTaylormean?ADogsande­nosescouldworktogether.BSearchandrescuedogswillretiresoon.CE­nosesaremorereliablethannosesofdogs.DDogsarebetteratfindingouttrappedpeople.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句中的“Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdonebythedogs.”可知，斯蒂芬·泰勒認(rèn)為，在電子鼻的幫助下，救援狗能更好地進(jìn)行救援工作，即狗與電子鼻可合作救人。故A項(xiàng)正確。.七選五(2019·安徽江南十校檢測(cè))Whenbignewsbreaks，itseasytogetcaughtupinfollowingthestoryonline.TheInternetcanbeaplacetofindusefulinformation.28Helpingkidsunderstandthenewsandhowtoseparatefactfromfictionisanimportantjobforparentsandeducators.Heressomeadvicethatparentscanofferkidstohelpthembequickertojudgeastheyconsumenewsonline.29Intherushtocoverstories，reportersmakemistakes，officialsdontalwayshavecorrectinformationandtidbits (八卦新聞) thatsoundreasonableoftengetpassedaroundbeforeanyonehascheckedthemforaccuracy.Usesocialmediawisely.SomesayTwitterisagreatsourceofnewsinthefirstfewminutesofatragedy.30Ontheotherhand，canbeagreatwaytoconnectwithfriendsaffectedbyeventsinthenewsandtospreadpersonalnewswithinamorelimitedcircle.Beskeptical.31AftertheBostonMarathonbombing，NBCSportsreportedthatsomerunnerskeptrunningallthewaytothehospitaltodonatebloodforthevictims.Nottrue.Thereareplentyofwebsitesdevotedtoexposingfalsenewsstories.TheWashingtonPostalsohasaFactCheckercolumnthatdeliversclaimsmadebypublicofficialsandpoliticians.Visitthemtofindoutifastoryistrue.Keepitage­appropriate.Kidsarentalwaysreadytodigestbig，tragicnewsespeciallyifthenewsisaboutkids，suchasschoolshootingsorabuses.Theconstantrepetitionofinformationcanbeconfusingforyoungerkids，andatthebeginningofanewsevent，parentsmightnotbeabletoofferanycorrectanswers.32ARemember，breakingnewsisoftenwrong.BItalsocanbethesourceofmisinformation.CIfsomethingsoundstoogoodtobetrue，itprobablyis.DMakesureyouandyourkidsarentfallingvictimtofalsenews.EHowever，afterthatitjustbecomesmessyandlargelyinaccurate.FWit