（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測題 一 詞義猜測題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版

一、詞義猜測題(2019·江蘇，B)Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark，BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldntfindtheparksvolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnaturethatswhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldntfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes，thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體) shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro，whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(巖漿) pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943，aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis，however，asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesntinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack，leavingbehindavasthole，thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype，butChristiansencouldntfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitorscenters.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera：almostthewholepark2.2millionacreswascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacrossmuchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.58.WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone? A.Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B.Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C.Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D.Theexactlocationofthevolcano.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldntfindtheparksvolcano”可知，BobChristiansen對(duì)黃石國家公園的火山的準(zhǔn)確位置感到困惑。59.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theshapesofvolcanoes.B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D.Theheightsofvolcanoes.答案A解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其是其中的“Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes，thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體) shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro”和“asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesntinvolvemountainbuilding.avasthole”可知，該段主要講兩類火山的形狀。60.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A.Hot-airballoon.B.Digitalcamera.C.Bigphotograph.D.Birdsview.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“.aniceblow-upforoneofthevisitorscenters.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos.”可知，thephotos所指的就是前面提及的blow-up，所以推斷blow-up相當(dāng)于photo(photograph)，故選C項(xiàng)。一、題型解讀詞義猜測題基本上是閱讀理解中每年必考的題型。詞義猜測是一種閱讀技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個(gè)生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力，而這些生詞和詞組往往都超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到一定的作用。由此看來，對(duì)于生詞的理解是否準(zhǔn)確，直接影響著閱讀理解題得分的高低，對(duì)能否取得好的高考成績有著舉足輕重的作用。詞義猜測題的命題方式有：1.Theword“.”refersto/probablymeans.2.Theunderlinedword“.”couldbestbereplacedby.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“.”standsfor?4.Bysaying“.”wemean.5.“.”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas.6.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“.”？7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“.”inParagraph.mean?8.Theunderlinedword“.”isclosestinmeaningto.二、解題技巧巧用線索猜詞義1.根據(jù)定義、釋義或同位語進(jìn)行猜測有些文章，特別是科技說明文，作者通常會(huì)對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語下定義，通過閱讀定義和解釋部分，考生便可理解該詞或短語的意思。有時(shí)，需要猜測的單詞或短語后面會(huì)緊跟一個(gè)同位語，作為對(duì)前面的詞或短語的解釋說明。有時(shí)，文章會(huì)用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等對(duì)某個(gè)詞或短語加以解釋說明。例如：(2018·江蘇，B)WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness，theycouldnttellhowmuchtheydhad：thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewisertheydidntfeelfuller，andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.試題：Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inParagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovided分析：所猜測短語nonethewiser后面出現(xiàn)了破折號(hào)來進(jìn)行解釋說明，我們可推知那些被給予大份飯菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他們沒覺得更飽，這說明在黑暗的就餐環(huán)境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此處的nonethewiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故選A。2.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測英語中通過詞根加詞綴或兩個(gè)單詞合成的方式可以構(gòu)成新詞。因此，掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，再結(jié)合上下文語境，也可以快速猜測詞義。例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.分析：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可知uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。3.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測在閱讀理解文章的句子或段落中，若兩個(gè)事物或兩種現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，這時(shí)我們可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推斷詞或短語的含義。表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有because，so，thus，therefore，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such.that.等。例如：Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteachersdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.DidntheknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet?試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Breaking.B.Following.C.Attending.D.Disturbing.分析：畫線單詞所在的句子出現(xiàn)了因果關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞thus，由前面的原因“我兒子聽不懂老師的指示”可以推知，“因此，我兒子Scola干擾了課堂秩序”，故選D項(xiàng)。其余三項(xiàng)都不符合這一因果邏輯關(guān)系。4.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測在畫線單詞或短語前后有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，它往往暗示了該詞或該短語的含義，這時(shí)可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞或短語的含義。常見的表示相同或相近意義的詞和短語有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，too，also，either等。例如：Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作) withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida.試題：Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.分析：畫線單詞contributions前出現(xiàn)了and，可利用同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。and前面提到了thefineselectionofthemajorworks(精選的重要作品)，后面說contributions來自其他機(jī)構(gòu)，由并列關(guān)系可以推斷出contributions應(yīng)該屬于works的范疇。故選A項(xiàng)。5.根據(jù)反義、轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測有些需要猜測詞義的詞或短語前后會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊脑~語，運(yùn)用這些詞語也可以幫助猜測詞義。能體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯很多，常見的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead (of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive.試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sedate”probablymean?A.Wildandromantic.B.Slowandpeaceful.C.Hungryandthirsty.D.Activeandexcited.分析：畫線詞語所在句子的句意為“雖然它們，但是在一天的這個(gè)時(shí)候騎馬觀賞仍然令人印象非常深刻”。由though可知前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合前一句中提到的“atamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace”可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)，sedate意為“慢悠悠的，安靜的”。6.根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行猜測有些詞義猜測題找不到以上標(biāo)志線索，這時(shí)可以利用上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進(jìn)而推測詞義，這也是近幾年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。例如：(2016·全國，C)Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyoullneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit，soitsapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.分析：由上文中的“OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyoullneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit.”可知，盡管OrleansReinette是很好的品種，但是對(duì)各項(xiàng)條件的要求很高，因此大多數(shù)喜歡它的人種植它的希望會(huì)落空。故選擇B項(xiàng)。A(2019·如皋市高三二模)Mycollegeexperienceincludedthislife-skillslesson：Drinkalcoholonafullstomach，oryouwillgetinebriatedtooquickly.10Ofcourse，mostcollegestudentsshouldntbedrinkingatall，butweknowfromtheNationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholismthatcloseto60percentofcollegestudentsaged18to22do7consumealcohol，whichmakesharm-reducingapproachesimportant.Unfortunately，campusauthoritiesandresearchersarereportingapracticethatturnsthefull-stomachdrinking2strategyonitshead：ratherthanfillingupbeforeanightofpartying，6significantnumbersofstudentsrefusetoeatalldaybeforeconsumingalcohol.Thisisahigh-riskbehaviorcalled“drunkorexia，”whichisoneparteatingdisorder，onepartalcoholismaverydangerouscombinationforcollege-agestudents.Thetermdrunkorexia，whichcanalsoincludeexcessiveexerciseorpurgingbeforeconsumingalcohol，wascoinedabout10yearsago，anditstartedshowingupinmedicalresearcharound2012.Drunkorexia9addressestheneedtobethelifeofthepartywhilestayingextremelythin，pointingtoaflawedmind-setaboutbodyimageandalcoholismamongcollegestudents，mostlywomen.Imaginethisscenario：Afemalecollegefreshmandoesnteatanythingallday，exercisesonanemptystomach，thendownsfiveshotsoftequilainlessthantwohours.Becausetheresnofoodinhersystemtohelpslowtheabsorptionofalcohol，thoseshotsaffectherrapidly，leadingtoinebriationandpossiblypassingout，vomitingorsufferingalcoholpoisoning.Thatsdrunkorexia.TavisGlassman，professorofhealtheducationandpublichealthattheUniversityofToledoinOhio，researchesdrunkorexiaandworriesaboutscenariossuchastheonedescribedabove：“Withnothinginhersystem，alcoholhitsquickly，andthatbringsupthesame1issuesaswithanyhigh-riskdrinking：gettinghomesafely，sexualassault，unintentionalinjury，fights，hangoversthataffectclassattendanceandgrades，andpossiblyendingupinemergencybecausethealcoholhitssohard，”hesays.“Alcoholcannegativelyaffecttheliverorgastrointestinalsystem，itcaninterferewithsleep，lowertheimmunesystemandislinkedtoseveraltypesofcancers，”Hultinsays.語篇解讀本文為說明文。本文敘述了作者對(duì)大學(xué)生空腹飲酒趨勢(shì)的擔(dān)憂。根據(jù)研究的數(shù)據(jù)表明，大學(xué)生有一種錯(cuò)誤的做法：在派對(duì)狂歡飲酒前拒絕進(jìn)食，空腹飲酒既解決了生活中參加派對(duì)的需要，也保持了身材苗條的需要(尤其是女性)。其實(shí)“空腹飲酒”會(huì)讓酒精快速進(jìn)入人體，對(duì)肝臟或胃腸道系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inebriated”inParagraph1mean?A.Excited.B.Overwhelmed.C.Addicted.D.Drunk.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Mycollegeexperienceincludedthislife-skillslesson：Drinkalcoholonafullstomach，oryouwillgetinebriatedtooquickly.”可知，應(yīng)飽著肚子喝酒，否則的話，你會(huì)很快“喝醉的”。下文多處敘述“空腹飲酒易喝醉”，由此可推知畫線詞的意思為“喝醉的”。故選D。2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.alargenumberofcollegestudentsspendmostoftheirnightspartyingB.somecollegestudentsrefusetoeatbeforedrinkingalcoholtokeepslimC.thereisadirectlinkbetweenbodyimageandconsumingalcoholD.femalecollegestudentismorelikelytobehurtifshedrinksalcohol答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“空腹飲酒既解決了生活中參加派對(duì)的需要，也保持了身材苗條的需要，指出的是大學(xué)生(女性居多)對(duì)于身體形象和酗酒風(fēng)氣的錯(cuò)誤心態(tài)。”由此可得出，一些大學(xué)生為了保持苗條，在喝酒前不吃東西。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。3.WhichofthefollowingmayTavisGlassmanagreewith?A.Withmorefoodinonessystem，hemaysufferfromtheeffectsofalcoholslowly.B.Drinkingfiveshotsoftequilainlessthantwohoursistheperformanceofdrunkorexia.C.Thosewhodontattendclassesandhavelowergradestendtobeaddictedtoalcohol.D.Alcoholhasnegativeeffectsontheimmunesystemandmayleadtoseveralcancers.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TavisGlassman.researchesdrunkorexiaandworriesaboutscenariossuchastheonedescribedabove：“Withnothinginhersystem，alcoholhitsquickly，.”可知，TavisGlassman認(rèn)為“她的身體系統(tǒng)中沒有任何東西，酒精進(jìn)入身體會(huì)很快發(fā)作，”由此可推斷出，“由于一個(gè)人的身體里有更多的食物，他受到酒精的影響可能會(huì)慢”，分析選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)正確。B(2019·如皋市高三三模)AreCoralReefs(珊瑚礁)AdaptingtoClimateChange?Scientistsreportedthatclimatechangemightactuallybehelping3ancienttreesthrive(長得健壯).Nowthereseemstobemorepositivenewsthistimeaboutthecoralinouroceanswhosepopulationhasbeenseverelyaffectedinlastfewdecadesbyrisingtemperatures，diseaseandhumancarelessness.Coralreefsasyouprobablyknowarenotjustcolorfulcalciumcarbonate(鈣碳酸鹽)structuresthatprovidesheltertoawonderfulnumberoffish，butalsoacloserelationshiporpartnershipbetweencoralpolyps(珊瑚蟲) andsingle-celledlivingthingscalledzooxanthellae(蟲黃藻).Thecoralpolypsgivethezooxanthellaeahomeandinreturnthelaterprovidethecoralpolypswiththeirvividcolorandfood.Theysupporteachotherinafantasticbalance，onethatisgettingseverelydamagedbytherisingtemperatureswhicharecausingthecoralpolypstorejecttheirzooxanthellaefriends，removingtheircolorandfoodsource.Scientistsestimatethephenomenonofrisingtemperaturescombinedwithdiseasehasdestroyedthecoralreefpopulationbymorethan80%.Itisthereforenowonderthatscientistsallovertheworldarelookingforsolutionstotrytorestorethisallimportantlinktosealife.11However，whilehumaneffortslikeplantingthecoralagainhavebeensomewhatsuccessful，theyarenotenoughtoreplaceallthecoralthathasbeendyingduetoclimatechange.Thatisprobablywhyreportsbyvariousresearchersaboutcertaintypesofcoralbeingabletonotonlysurvivethechangingoceanconditions，butalsothriveinit，arebeingmetwithsuchenthusiasm.Themostrecentfindingsshowthatdespitehighertemperaturesthecoralreefsseemtobethriving.Thesefindingsare4consistentwiththelabresearchconductedbythescientistswhotriedgrowingdifferent8varietiesofcoralinwaterswithhighertemperaturetoseehowtheywouldreact.Theyweresurprisedtodiscoverthatmostofthemsurvivedandsomeseemedtoadaptandgrownormally.Encouragedbytheseandothersimilarfindings，moreenergeticspecieshavebeenintroducedtoseeifcoralreefscanberestoredtotheirformerglory.Aprogramisbusyanalyzingtheworldsoceanstofindmorevarietiesthatcanbeusedforthissamepurpose.However，wearenotoutofthewoodsyet! Scientistsarestillnotsurehowtheywouldintroducethesevarietiestoareaswheretheyarenotabundantandmoreimportantlywhattheconsequenceswouldbeonthesurroundingsealife.Hopefully，the5combinationofnewscientificresearchandfewerhumanmistakeswillallowourbeautifulcoraltothriveagain!語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，通過引入更有活力的物種，珊瑚礁有望恢復(fù)昔日的輝煌。4.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingrelationship?Coralreefsareabridgebetweencoralpolypsandzooxanthellae.Coralpolypsandzooxanthellaedependononeanother.Thebetweencoralpolypsandzooxanthellaeissufferingfromseveredamage.A.homeB.structureC.balanceD.color答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Theysupporteachotherinafantasticbalance，onethatisgettingseverelydamagedbytherisingtemperatureswhicharecausingthecoralpolypstorejecttheirzooxanthellaefriends，removingtheircolorandfoodsource.”可知，珊瑚蟲和黃藻之間的平衡正遭受嚴(yán)重破壞，故選C。5.TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph4mean.A.toallowcoralreefstothriveagainB.tofindmorevarietiesofcoralC.tosurvivethechangingoceanconditionsD.toseehowcoralreactsinhighertemperature答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句及其前一句可知，“thissamepurpose”指的是讓珊瑚礁重新繁榮起來，故選A。6.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.climatechangehasthesameeffectonbothancienttreesandcoralB.re-plantingthecoralcansolvetheproblemofcoralreefsdecreaseC.variousresearchersareinterestedinthereportsonthechangingoceanconditionsD.thelabresearchhasencouragedscientiststorestorecoralreefstotheirformerglory答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Hopefully，thecombinationofnewscientificresearchandfewerhumanmistakeswillallowourbeautifulcoraltothriveagain！”可推斷出，這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究鼓勵(lì)科學(xué)家們恢復(fù)珊瑚礁昔日的輝煌，故選D。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思1.Whatshouldourmarketingstrategyhaveachieved？策略2.Akeyissueforhighereducationinthe1990sistheneedforgreaterdiversityofcourses.議題3.Eachoneoftheseancienttownsisverybeautiful.古代的；古老的4.Newgoalsarenotalwaysconsistentwiththeexistingpolicies.一致的5.Histreatmentwasacombinationofsurgery，radiationanddrugs.結(jié)合(二)同義詞語替換6.TheelevatorsroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.important7.Afterarrivinghome，heconsumedallthecookies.ateup8.Thecluboffersvarietiesofgamestothelocalteenagers.differentkindsof(三)一詞多義9.addressn.地址；通訊處；演講vt.在上面寫上地址；對(duì)演講/演說/說話；稱呼；設(shè)法解決；處理(1)Pleaseaddresstheletterforme.v.寫上地址(2)IwassurprisedwhenheaddressedmeinfluentEnglish.v.對(duì)說話(3)Dontworry.Theyaretryingtoaddresstheproblem.v.設(shè)法解決，處理(4)Thepresidentdeliveredanaddressovertheradio.n.演講.長難句理解10.Ofcourse，mostcollegestudentsshouldntbedrinkingatall，butweknowfromtheNationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholismthatcloseto60percentofcollegestudentsaged18to22doconsumealcohol，whichmakesharm-reducingapproachesimportant.句式分析本句是一個(gè)but連接的并列句，在第二個(gè)分句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；后面的which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。精美譯文當(dāng)然，大多數(shù)大學(xué)生根本不應(yīng)當(dāng)飲酒，但是我們從全國酒精濫用和酒精中毒研究所得知，接近60%的18到22周歲的大學(xué)生確實(shí)飲酒，這使得減少酒精傷害的方法很重要。11.However，whilehumaneffortslikeplantingthecoralagainhavebeensomewhatsuccessful，theyarenotenoughtoreplaceallthecoralthathasbeendyingduetoclimatechange.句式分析本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。while引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”；that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾coral。精美譯文盡管人們的一些像重新種植珊瑚的努力取得了些許成功，但它們不足以取代所有因氣候變化而瀕臨滅絕的珊瑚。強(qiáng)化練(二十二).單項(xiàng)填空1.Historicsitesimpresswriterswiththeiramazingbeauty，whichareagreatsourceof.(2019·鎮(zhèn)江高三一模)A.inspirationB.compositionC.occupationD.combination答案A解析句意為：作家們因歷史遺跡驚人的美而震驚，這是靈感的源泉。inspiration靈感；composition作品，成分；occupation職業(yè)；combination聯(lián)合。2.Theywithjoywhentheyheardthattheirclasswonthefirstplaceintherelayrace.(2019·徐州淮安連云港一模)A.pickedupB.splitupC.tookupD.sprangup答案D解析句意為：當(dāng)聽到班級(jí)在接力賽獲得第一名時(shí)，他們高興地跳了起來。springupwithjoy高興地跳了起來。3.Thespokesmansremarkshelpclarifyanstatementissuedearlierthisweek.(2019·揚(yáng)州高三期末)A.ambiguousB.ambitiousC.arbitraryD.authentic答案A解析ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；ambitious有野心的；arbitrary武斷的；authentic真正的。句意為：這位發(fā)言人的講話有助于澄清這個(gè)星期早些時(shí)候發(fā)表的一份模棱兩可的聲明。根據(jù)“clarify”判斷此處表示“模棱兩可的”，故A項(xiàng)正確。4.theFrenchandtheirrevolutionspirit，manycountrieshavechosentousethesamecoloursontheirflags.(2019·常州高三一模)A.IntermsofB.IncaseofC.InresponsetoD.Insaluteto答案D解析句意為：許多國家用與法國國旗相同的顏色是為了向法國和他們的改革精神致敬。故選D。intermsof在方面；incaseof萬一；inresponseto為了回應(yīng)；insaluteto向致敬。5.Justastrustisthekeytoallrelationships，istrusttheglueoforganizations.A.butB.soC.andD.yet答案B解析考查倒裝句。but/yet表轉(zhuǎn)折，連接兩個(gè)有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的句子，而這里沒有轉(zhuǎn)折意味；so和前半句的“justas.”形成“justas.so”這一固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)。6.Whenthecoachwasarrestedfordrunkendriving，thestudentsrealizedthattheirherohad.A.coldfeetB.hisfingerineverypieC.feetofclayD.thewisdomofSolomon答案C解析考查諺語、俗語。coldfeet懦夫，喪失勇氣的人；hisfingerineverypie無論什么事都要插一腳；feetofclay一個(gè)人的弱點(diǎn)；thewisdomofSolomon所羅門的智慧。句意為：當(dāng)教練因酒后駕駛被捕時(shí)，學(xué)生們才意識(shí)到他們心目中的英雄也是有缺點(diǎn)的。故選C。7.Thegreatcontributorsinlifearethosewho，afraidoftheknockatthedoor，stillanswerit.A.ifB.sinceC.thoughD.unless答案C解析考查連詞。句意為：生活中最大的貢獻(xiàn)者是那些雖然害怕有人敲門，但仍然去開門的人。由句意知，空處表示讓步。故選C。8.TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacauBridge(HZMB)，isa55-kilometre-bridge-tunnelsystemofcable-stayedbridges，anunderseatunnel，andfourartificialislands.A.consistedB.havingconsistedC.consistingD.beingconsisted答案C解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。consistof沒有被動(dòng)，排除A、D。句意為：港珠澳大橋全長55公里，由斜拉橋、海底隧道和四個(gè)人工島嶼組成。分析句子可知，此處為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。故選C。9.PollutionhasalreadydestroyedmuchoftheEarth.Onlybychangingwelivecanwesaveourplanet.A.whereB.howC.whatD.why答案B解析考查名詞性從句。句意為：污染已經(jīng)摧毀了地球的大部分。只有改變我們的生活方式，我們才能拯救地球。這里指改變我們的生活方式，應(yīng)用how，故選B。10.Afteryearsofwonderinghowtheidlerichgotevenricher，wecrackedthemillionairescode，secretissimple：Dontspendapennyifyoudonthaveto.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.what答案C解析分析句子可知，此處為定語從句，themillionairescode是先行詞，在后面的定語從句中作定語。故選C。.閱讀理解A(2019·江蘇高三五校聯(lián)考)Itisthattimeoftheyearagain.Upanddownthecountry，thousandsofstudentsstayinthelibrary，attemptingtocram(死記硬背) theinformationnecessarytogetthroughfinals.IamoneofthemaCambridgefinalist，attemptingtodealwiththeOxbridgestressintheonlywayIknow：caffeinehitsandreclusion(隱遁生活).WhetheryouloveorhateOxbridge，thefactthatthesetwouniversitiesprovideuniquelearningenvironmentsissomethingofadouble-edgedsword.Ontheonehand，studentshaveaccesstosomeofthebesteducationintheworld；ontheotherhand，thepressurethatcomeswiththiscanprovedamagingtothemandcantbesweptunderthecarpetfortheyhavetofaceiteventually.ManyCambridgestudentsfindthemselvestrappedinapressureofexpectation，whetherthiscomesfromtheirsupervisorsortutors，theirdirectorofstudiesorevenfromthemselves.Thedrivetowardsachievementiseitherthekeytosuccessortopossibleseriouspersonalissues，asMarkPhippen，headoftheUniversityofCambridgesCounsellingServicesaid，“ThereareplentyofperfectionistsinCambridge，butitcanworktwoways：itcanpushthemtoaccomplishandtoachieve，oritcangetoutofhand，disablingthem.”Manystudentssaythattheycanthandleitanymorewhileworkingincertainlibrarieswhicharefilledwithotherstudentshardatwork.Thecompetitionandparanoia(多疑) aremorecommonthanwhatwerealizeorquestion：youcanfeelasifyouarebeingjudgedforhowmuchtimeyouspendonFacebookor，orhowlittletimeyouspendreading.Toomanystudentsfeelalmostfrustratedbythepressuretoachievebutfeelunabletospeakaboutit.Aseveryoneseemstobecoping，theymustalsopretendtocopetoo.Theonlythingstudentshave：tutorsandsupervisorsregularlyencouragestudentstoavoidextracurricularactivities，urgingthemtofocusontheirstudiestosuchanextentthatmanyfindithardtohandleit.OnecurrentCwebsite，whichdetailswhoisinvolvedincertainplayseachtermjustincaseitaffectsthestudentsworkoutput.Problemsarisewhenthepressureproducesmentalhealthissues.ProblemshavebeenbroughttoattentioninarticlesprimarilyfromOxfordsCherwellandCambridgesTheTab.TheattentionhasmadetheCambridgeUniversityStudentUnionsetupStudentsDeserveBetteracampaigntohandlecomplaintsaboutsupervisorsandtutorslackingtheabilitytoprovideproperspiritualsupport.“WhenItoldmysupervisoraboutmyproblemswithanxietyandthereforeaboutmyworriessurroundingtheworkloadshewassuggesting，shesaidthatIwouldprobablyfeellessanxiousoncetheworkwasdone，”afinaliststudentcalledJanesaid.“Itshouldntbeanacceptedresponseinoneofth