（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法填空 第二部分 語法精析 第三節(jié) 名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞學(xué)案 新人教版

第三節(jié)名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞1Onestudyshowedthat(woman) whodrankalotofcoffee，likeeightormorecupsperday，whilewerepregnantweremorelikelytohavechildrenwithbirthdefects.(2018·11月浙江)答案women解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處泛指喝大量咖啡的婦女，指某一類人用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。下文中的they也是提示。故填women。2MakingChinese(dish) isseenasespeciallytroublesome.(2018·6月浙江)答案dishes解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。dish菜肴，為可數(shù)名詞，中式菜肴有很多種，故此處用dish的復(fù)數(shù)形式。3Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfrom(cause)(2018·全國)答案causes解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。cause表示“原因，起因”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，前面有all，故填cause的復(fù)數(shù)形式。4Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界) asamethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadunintendedside(effect) suchasoverweightandheartdiseasetheverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2017·全國)答案effects解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。sideeffect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的兩個(gè)例子overweightandheartdisease可知名詞effect用復(fù)數(shù)形式effects。5Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd) ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.(2017·全國)答案crowds解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。crowd是可數(shù)名詞，且前面沒有限定詞，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。6Shehasturneddown(invitation) tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(2017·全國)答案invitations解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。several表“幾個(gè)”，其后要用名詞invitation的復(fù)數(shù)形式。7LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutsmall(carrot) andwasabouttothrowthemaway.(2017·浙江)答案carrots解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。ahandfulof一把，幾個(gè)，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。ahandfulofcarrots幾個(gè)胡蘿卜。8Recent(study) thatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.(2016·全國)答案studies解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的謂語動(dòng)詞show，表示復(fù)數(shù)形式，故主語也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式。提示詞是名詞，首先分析句子，確認(rèn)不需要改變?cè)~性，就可以考慮用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。一些標(biāo)志詞可以快速確認(rèn)。1修飾詞oneof名詞復(fù)數(shù)。大于2的基數(shù)詞，different，various，many，these/those，few，afew，several，all，both，other，a (large) numberof，acoupleof，adozenof，dozensof，ahandfulof后用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。some后如果名詞可數(shù)，要用復(fù)數(shù)。2謂語動(dòng)詞：如果所填的名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式are，were，have或動(dòng)詞原形，則用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3特殊的復(fù)數(shù)名詞belongingsn財(cái)產(chǎn)possessionsn財(cái)產(chǎn)congratulations祝賀surroundingsn環(huán)境findingsn發(fā)現(xiàn)good/bad manners n有禮貌/沒禮貌taketurns輪流inalldirections四面八方inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪1InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingto(believe) thatpopulationsareincreasing.(2019·全國)答案belief解析考查名詞。根據(jù)其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。2Wearesoproudofher.Its (wonder)(2019·全國)答案wonderful解析考查形容詞作表語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在系動(dòng)詞is之后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，故填wonderful。3Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofinteresting(compete) towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2019·全國) 答案competition解析考查名詞。由空前的aninteresting可以確定空格處應(yīng)該填名詞形式。故填competition。4Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)aboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.(2019·全國)答案traditional解析考查形容詞?？崭裉幮揎椕~stories，應(yīng)用形容詞，tradition的形容詞形式為traditional，故填traditional。5OtherAmericanstudiesshowed(connect) betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2019·浙江)答案connection/connections解析考查名詞。no是形容詞，修飾名詞，connect的名詞形式為connection表示“聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)”，為可數(shù)名詞，故填connection/connections。6Schooluniforms(tradition) inBritain，butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.(2019·6月浙江)答案traditional解析考查形容詞。are是系動(dòng)詞，其后常用形容詞作表語，tradition是名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”的意思，因此，用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。7Itsnevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthy(meaning) collegeexperience.(2019·北京)答案meaningful解析考查形容詞。這里與前面的healthy并列，修飾后面的名詞collegeexperience，故此處也要用形容詞形式。故填meaningful。8Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein(weigh) problems.(2018·6月浙江)答案weight解析考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用名詞作定語修飾problems，weight problems意為“體重問題”。9Toavoidkneepain，youcanrunonsoftsurfaces，doexercises(strength) yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.(2018·全國)答案strengthen解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變動(dòng)詞。此處不定式短語作目的狀語，故填strength的動(dòng)詞形式strengthen。10Runningischeap，easyanditsalways(energy)(2018·全國)答案energetic解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變形容詞。連系動(dòng)詞is后接形容詞作表語，故填energy的形容詞形式energetic。11AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe) .(2018·全國)答案global解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。修飾名詞短語fertilizerconsumption應(yīng)用形容詞，名詞globe的形容詞形式是global。12MynameisMireyaMayor.Ima(science) studiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.(2018·全國)答案scientist解析考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞構(gòu)詞法。由空后的who可知，定語從句的先行詞是表示人的名詞。scientist科學(xué)家。(一)提示詞是名詞，首先分析句子，如需要改變?cè)~性，根據(jù)語境確認(rèn)用哪種詞性。構(gòu)詞法常見的詞根詞綴­en動(dòng)詞后綴strengthstrengthen加強(qiáng)frightfrighten使害怕lengthlengthen延長­fy動(dòng)詞后綴beautybeautify美化qualificationqualify使取得(資格)classclassify分類­ize/­ise動(dòng)詞后綴apologyapologiz(s)e道歉memorymemorize記住常見形容詞后綴sunsunny陽光充足的fogfoggy有霧的wealthwealthy富有的healthhealthy健康的noisenoisy吵鬧的adviseadvisable明智的，可取的comfortcomfortable舒服的acceptacceptable可接受的educationeducational有教育意義的seasonseasonal季節(jié)的additionadditional附加的，額外的accidentaccidental意外的woodwooden木制的goldgolden金色的differdifferent不同的insistinsistent堅(jiān)持的dependdependent依賴的foolfoolish愚蠢的selfselfish自私的childchildish孩子氣的actactive積極的impressimpressive印象深刻的powerpowerful強(qiáng)有力的peacepeaceful和平的beautybeautiful美麗的wonderwonderful很棒的helphelpful有幫助的homehomeless無家可歸的hopehopeless絕望的helphelpless無助的famefamous有名的envyenvious羨慕的humorhumorous幽默的ambitionambitious有野心的cautioncautious謹(jǐn)慎的friendfriendly友好的orderorderly有秩序的timetimely及時(shí)的monthmonthly每月的daydaily每天的promisepromising有前途的rewardrewarding值得的lastlasting持續(xù)的appealappealing吸引人的inviteinviting誘人的varietyvarious多種多樣的valuevaluable珍貴的benefitbeneficial有益的energyenergetic充滿活力的名詞以­ce結(jié)尾，形容詞以­t結(jié)尾confidenceconfident自信的eleganceelegant優(yōu)雅的patiencepatient有耐心的evidenceevident明顯的intelligenceintelligent有才智的，智能的violenceviolent暴力的，劇烈的(二)提示詞是動(dòng)詞，首先分析句子并根據(jù)語境標(biāo)志詞確認(rèn)是否需要填名詞。1句子結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)空作主語，或者作及物動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語或介詞的賓語，填名詞。系動(dòng)詞之后，含義是“什么”，用名詞。2語境標(biāo)志詞冠詞 (形容詞)名詞。形容詞性物主代詞、所有格、數(shù)詞、量詞、形容詞之后，往往用名詞。and/but/or并列連詞連接并列成分。3動(dòng)詞變名詞規(guī)律常見的名詞后綴­ness，­ment，­tion，­ance，­siondescribedescription描述permitpermission允許applyapplication申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用argueargument爭(zhēng)論concludeconclusion結(jié)論dependdependence依賴動(dòng)詞­al變成名詞arrivearrival到達(dá)approveapproval批準(zhǔn)；贊同withdrawwithdrawal撤回；取款disposedisposal處理proposeproposal建議；求婚survivesurvival幸存1Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixarestable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.(2019·全國)答案the解析考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。2Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort­listed，wethoughtitwasjoke.(2019·全國)答案a解析考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意“我們還以為這是一個(gè)玩笑”可知，此處joke為泛指，且joke的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭故填a。3Everybodywearssamestyleofclothes.(2019·6月浙江)答案the解析句意為：每個(gè)人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。4Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(2018·全國)答案the解析考查冠詞。此處特指過去的25年，故用定冠詞the。5Unexpectedly，Imface­to­facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.(2018·全國)答案the解析考查冠詞。atthetopofoneslungs用最響亮的聲音，放聲大叫，為固定搭配。6Asresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2017·全國)答案a解析考查固定搭配中的冠詞。asaresult結(jié)果。7Instead，sheisearning6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.(2017·全國)答案a解析考查冠詞。句意為：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特每天收入6500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。8ForPahlsson，itsreturnwaswonder.(2017·6月浙江)答案a解析考查冠詞。awonder一個(gè)奇跡。1定冠詞the上文提及，獨(dú)一無二，普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前，西洋樂器前，序數(shù)詞前，最高級(jí)前，用定冠詞the。含有修飾限定詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中“theadj.”表示一類人the定語名詞the名詞定語從句/非謂語作定語thevery/only名詞thesame2泛指，表“一個(gè)”用a/an。往往沒有修飾限定詞，a/an(形容詞)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞首字母是元音字母，但發(fā)輔音，用冠詞a，如auniversity，auseful/usual/unique/united/European/one­eyed/one­way名詞以u(píng)開頭，但用an(往往是un­否定前綴)：anunusual/unhappy/unforgettable名詞，anumbrella雨傘首字母是輔音字母但發(fā)元音：anhour，anhonor，anhonest名詞3固定搭配中的冠詞定冠詞thecatch/hit/takesb.介the身體部位，inthe1990s，ontheInternet，in/over/duringthepastdays/months/years在過去的日/月/年，makethemost/best of充分利用，in the countryside在鄉(xiāng)下，be in the habit of有的習(xí)慣，at the same time同時(shí)，at the top of在的頂端，for the time being暫時(shí)，the other daya few days ago幾天前，on the way在途中，in the long term/run長遠(yuǎn)看來，themore.，themore.句型不定冠詞a/anhaveagoodtime玩得高興，makealiving謀生，asaresult因此，forawhile一會(huì)，inahurry匆忙地，inaword總之，atadistance離一段距離，awasteof.浪費(fèi)，amatterof.的問題，haveagoodknowledgeof精通；掌握，makeanapology道歉，payavisitto拜訪，keepaneyeon照看；關(guān)注抽象名詞具體化：表示一個(gè)的人/事asuccess/pleasure/comfort/surprise/failureonefirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefiftheighteighth，nineninth，twelvetwelfth，twentytwentieth，thirtythirtieth增分訓(xùn)練增分單句訓(xùn)練.單句語法填空1Well­offfamiliesareruledbycalendars，withchildrenparticipatinginballet，soccerandafter­schoolprograms，accordingtonewPewResearchCentersurvey.答案a解析第一次提到這個(gè)調(diào)查，表示“一個(gè)”，用a/an，又因?yàn)閚ew的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭，所以用不定冠詞a。故填a。2Itisunforgettableformetoseethehugecocacolabillboardshownonunnamedlongandnarrowstreet.答案an解析此處是泛指一條無名的長而狹窄的街道，所以用不定冠詞。因?yàn)閡nnamed的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，所以用an。3Italsostressedthatadmissionsarenotonlybasedontestscoresbutacomprehensive(assess) ofeachapplicant.答案assessment解析此處是“aadj.n.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，assess的名詞形式為assessment，意為“一個(gè)綜合評(píng)價(jià)”。4InJanuary，manyShanghaiyoungstershandedinproposalsonissuesrangingfromnetworksecurityandthefuturecitytotheprotectionof(tradition) culture.答案traditional解析根據(jù)后面的名詞可以確認(rèn)前面需要填形容詞。所以填traditional。5Despiteavague(describe) oftheremotemountainvillage，theexplorershadnodifficultyfindingitwiththehelpofthelocals.答案description解析此處是“aadj.n.”的結(jié)構(gòu)。特別注意describe變成名詞是不規(guī)則變化，其名詞形式為description。6Ifwecangivemorethanreceive，well(strength) theharmonyamongpeopleandliveinabetterworld.答案strengthen解析此處需要?jiǎng)釉~與and后的live并列作謂語，所以應(yīng)變?yōu)閟trengthen表示“加強(qiáng)；強(qiáng)化”。7Thereis，forexample，apassionateletterfromHuangYongyutoplaywrightCaoYu30yearsagotocriticizehislackof(create)答案creativity解析介詞of后跟名詞，故用名詞形式creativity“創(chuàng)造力”。8ThePacificOceancontainsabout25,000islands.The(major) ofthemarefoundsouthoftheequator(赤道)答案majority解析通過the可以判斷，需要填名詞形式。9TheyarebythecoastandknownforhavingsomeofsunniestweatherintheUK.答案the解析后面有最高級(jí)，意為“陽光最充沛的天氣”，所以判定需要用定冠詞the。10Andhehasseenrapid(grow) inmusic，film，fashioninChina，whichoffersopportunitiestopeoplefrom(variety) backgrounds.答案growth；various解析rapid為形容詞，空格處應(yīng)為hasseen的賓語，所以grow應(yīng)變?yōu)槊~形式growth；第二個(gè)空格處，由后面的名詞backgrounds判斷，此處需要填形容詞，所以變?yōu)樾稳菰~形式various。.易錯(cuò)練習(xí)1Inadditiontotopscoresongaokao，(apply) alsoneedtomeetEnglishlanguagerequirements，participateinaninterviewandtakeasubject­specificwrittenadmissionassessment.答案applicants解析句子缺少主語，可以判斷需要填名詞。根據(jù)含義判斷，此處說的是申請(qǐng)者，需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以填applicants。2Expertsnotethat(chemical) againstthewormsarecostly，dangerousanddonotalwayswork.答案chemicals解析通過分析可知that從句中缺少主語，所以chemical此處用作名詞。謂語動(dòng)詞為are，所以應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3Beijing，thecapitalofChina，remainedthemostattractivecityforChinese(graduate)，followedbyShenzhenandShanghai.答案graduates解析graduate此處作名詞，意為“畢業(yè)生”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處表復(fù)數(shù)概念，故填graduates。4Francesentasenior(represent) tothesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinBeijinginApril,2019.答案representative解析此處是“aadj.n.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填representative。5Clonesofdifferentkindsareproducedinvariousways，andtheyhavebecome(value) inmanymedicalapplicationsandbiologicalexperiments.答案valuable解析考查名詞變形容詞。become為系動(dòng)詞，所以此處用形容詞形式作表語。增分寫作訓(xùn)練名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用1IknowwellaboutChinesepaintings，whichisbeneficialforintroducingthemtothelocals.(beof抽象名詞be形容詞)(2019·全國)IpossessagoodknowledgeofChinesepaintings,whichisofgreatbenefitforintroducingthemtothelocals.2Youshouldbewellprepared，whichmeansyoushouldparticipateinregularpractice，sleepproperlyandhaveabalanceddiet.(同義句改寫)(2019·全國)Properpreparationsincludefrequentparticipationinregularpractice，propersleepandabalanceddiet.3Ihopeyoucanconfirmwithmewhenitisconvenientforyou.(同義句改寫)(2019·全國)Ihopeyoucansendmeyourconfirmationatyourconvenience.強(qiáng)化練(四).語法填空A(2019·臺(tái)州模擬)Chinese­AmericancommunitygroupsarepreparingtoholdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化節(jié)) onSept.28inFlushingQueens，NewYorkCityseasternmostborough.Theeventservesnotonly1.aspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld­famousChinesephilosopher，butachance2.(celebrate) Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities，saidWangLizhi，presidentofAmericaEastShandongAssociation (AESA)Co­sponsoredbyAESA，AmericaEastShandongChamberofCommerceandConfuciusEducationFoundationInc，thefestival3.(feature) recitationofthe“DiZiGui”，literallytranslatedas“StandardsforBeingaGoodPupilandChild”，abook4.(write) basedonConfuciusteachingsthatemphasizethe5.(base) necessitiesforbeingagoodpersonandguidelinesfor6.(live)inharmonywithothers，aswellasChinesetraditionaldances，Shandongfolkmusicandphotoexhibitions.Thegroupshostedthe7.(one) InternationalConfuciusCulturalFestivalinflushingonSept.28lastyeartocelebratethe2,568thanniversaryofthebirthofConfucius (551BC479BC)Confuciuswas8.extraordinaryeducatorandphilosopher，andfoundedConfucianism.Itwashe9.firstsetupprivateschoolsandreceivedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout10. (consider) oftheirsocialstatus.1答案as解析考查介詞。此處指慶祝孔子文化節(jié)活動(dòng)不僅是作為一個(gè)壯觀的儀式來紀(jì)念世界著名的中國哲學(xué)家。表示“作為”用介詞as。2答案tocelebrate解析考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處指這個(gè)活動(dòng)還是與當(dāng)?shù)仄渌鐓^(qū)一起慶祝中國文化的機(jī)會(huì)。此處是不定式作chance的定語，故填tocelebrate。3答案features解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處指這個(gè)文化節(jié)以背誦弟子規(guī)為特色，與上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語thefestival是單數(shù)，故填features。4答案written解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中abook與動(dòng)詞write是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，指書被寫。此處用過去分詞作定語表被動(dòng)，故填written。5答案basic解析考查形容詞。修飾名詞necessities用形容詞，指基本的需要。故填basic。6答案living解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中介詞for后用動(dòng)詞­ing形式作賓語，故填living。7答案first解析考查序數(shù)詞。此處由定冠詞the限制，根據(jù)文章開頭“holdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化節(jié))onSept.28”可知今年是第二屆，去年是第一屆。故填first。8答案an解析考查冠詞。此處指孔子是一位杰出的教育家和哲學(xué)家，表示“一個(gè)”且extraordinary首字母發(fā)元音。故填不定冠詞an。9答案that/who解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。本句是“Itis.that/who.”強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語he，故用that/who引導(dǎo)。10答案consideration/considering解析考查詞性變換。此處指孔子接收來自各行各業(yè)的學(xué)生，而不考慮他們的社會(huì)地位。介詞without后加名詞，再加of結(jié)構(gòu)，故填名詞consideration。BSincechildhood，I11. (see) actionmoviesstarringBruceLeeandJackieChan，andIwasalwayscurioustolearnthemartialarts(武術(shù)).12.thereisChina，thereiskungfu.OnceIarrivedinChina，mydreamwas13. (learn) taichiandkungfuandmasterthetechniquesofmartialarts.Aftermyarrivaloncampusonthefirstday，Iwentforawalkintheearlymorning.Isawsomeolderpeople14.(practise) taichislowly.Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely.Itattractedme，andtheverynextdayatregistrationtime，Irushedtotheteachersofficetochoosetaichiasmy15.(option) course.ThefollowingweekIwasonthegroundsearlyinthemorningwithmyclassmates.Theteachertoldusthattaichi16.(favor) foritshealthbenefits.Themovementofthebodyisrelated17.theyinandyangforces.Themain18. (rule) thattheteachertaughtuswereattitude，discipline (自律) andbalance.Iwastakingeverybitofthetraining19. (serious) andtryingtomaintainmybalance，whichwasadifficultjob.However，astheteacherputs20.，ourattitude，ourwillingnessandouractionwillmaketheimpossiblepossible.AndIwilldo.11答案haveseen解析考查時(shí)態(tài)。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。12答案Where解析考查連詞。本句話其實(shí)改編自諺語“Where there is a will，there is a way(有志者事竟成)”。13答案tolearn解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作表語，不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以作表語，但是根據(jù)后面的“andmaster”可知，and連接并列的非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語，master前省略了to，故本空應(yīng)用不定式。14答案practising解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本句為“see賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語someolderpeople與practise之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)后面的“Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely”可知，賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，故用practise的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。15答案optional解析考查形容詞?？仗幾鞫ㄕZ，修飾名詞course，故用形容詞optional“可選擇的，非強(qiáng)制的”。16答案isfavored解析考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。taichi與favor之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。雖然主句用了一般過去時(shí)，但是根據(jù)語境可知，賓語從句描述的是客觀事實(shí)，故從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。下一句的時(shí)態(tài)也是暗示。17答案to解析考查介詞。berelatedto.與有關(guān)，是固定搭配，故填介詞to。18答案rules解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由后面的謂語動(dòng)詞were可知，此處主語要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。19答案seriously解析考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞。take.seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待。20答案it解析考查代詞。assb.put(s) it是常用句型，意為“正如某人所說的那樣”。.閱讀理解AThemostwelcomesightonacold，wetwinternightinLondonisthefamiliarshapeofaLondontaxicabapproachingwithitsyellow“forhire”signshiningbrightly.Thatshowsitisreadytopickyouup.TravellingbytaxiinLondonisnotjustawayofgoingfromoneplacetoanother.Itisanexperiencetobeenjoyedandremembered.Themainreasonforthisisthedrivers，whoarecalled“cabbies”ManyofthemaretrueCockneys.ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言) ofEnglish.Allofthemknoweverystreetandfamousbuildinginthecity，andallofthemlovetotalk.Asimpletwenty­minutejourneyacrosstowncanbecomeveryinteresting.YoumayhaveadiscussionaboutthegovernmentanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriversAuntyNellie! Onethingisforsure，itwillneverbeboring.Cabbiesknowallthelatestnewsaboutfilmstars，theRoyalFamily，governmentleaders，andpopularsingersoractorsandactresses.Theyalsoknowthebestplacestoeat，shopandrelax.Andtheycantakeyoustraighttoanylargehotel，departmentstore，theatreormuseum.Theyknowtheshortestwaypossiblewithoutevenlookingatamap，becauseeveryonewhowantstobecomeataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.Theexamiscalled“TheKnowledge”Itisawrittentest，andinitdriversareaskedtheshortestwayfromoneplacetoanother.Theymusttakeintoaccountthetimeofdayinrushhour，alongerroute(路線) maybequickeranddescribethebestway.Moreovertheymustneverforgettheone­waystreets!語篇解讀本文是說明文。文章介紹了在倫敦坐出租車是一種值得享受和銘記的經(jīng)歷，倫敦出租車司機(jī)們友好健談，對(duì)倫敦非常熟悉，都是通過考試的合格司機(jī)。21FromwhatcanwetellthatsomeoneisaCockney?ATheirinterest.BTheirmanners.CTheirspeech.DTheirappearance.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ManyofthemaretrueCockneys.ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言) ofEnglish.Allofthemknoweverystreetandfamousbuildinginthecity，andallofthemlovetotalk.”可知，真正的Cockney出生在倫敦，說倫敦特殊的方言，對(duì)倫敦地理熟悉且喜歡交談。所以通過一個(gè)人的說話就能判斷其是不是Cockney。故選C。22Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioning“AuntyNellie”inParagraph2?APassengersarefullofcuriosity.BCabbiestopicsarewide­ranging.CAuntyNellieispopularinLondon.DLondonersarefriendlytoeachother.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Asimpletwenty­minutejourneyacrosstowncanbecomeveryinteresting.YoumayhaveadiscussionaboutthegovernmentanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriversAuntyNellie！”可知，倫敦出租車司機(jī)能夠讓乘客旅途很有趣，可能會(huì)談?wù)撜皖I(lǐng)導(dǎo)，也可能會(huì)談?wù)撍緳C(jī)的家人。作者提到“AuntyNellie”是為了說明出租車司機(jī)的話題很廣泛，他們很健談。故選B。23Whatisthepurposeof“TheKnowledge”？AToqualifyonetodriveataxi.BToassessonesdrivingskills.CTotestdriversabilitytowrite.DTochecktaxidriversmemory.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“.everyonewhowantstobecomeataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.TheexamiscalledTheKnowledgeItisawrittentest，andinitdriversareaskedtheshortestwayfromoneplacetoanother.”可知，TheKnowledge是出租車司機(jī)的資格考試，通過筆試測(cè)試司機(jī)對(duì)路線的熟悉程度和應(yīng)變能力等。故選A。B(2019·上海長寧區(qū)二模)ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth，Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.TheyaskedtypicaltravelersquestionswherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone? Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidntpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots，butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway，thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberias，wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydontyoutravelwithus？”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks，IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride，Itookthebus，butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotelsswimmingpool，Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers，whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater，onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen，IvebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica，sky­divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheUS.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends，IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright，Iwasgratefulshehadntpickedupthephone.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。作者原本與朋友約好去旅游，卻被放了鴿子，她決定一個(gè)人去。途中她遇見了五個(gè)背包客，這些背包客邀請(qǐng)她一起去旅游，她和這些人一起經(jīng)歷了美好的幾天，并和他們成了好朋友。24By“Mystomachwasinknots” (inParagraph1)，theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas.AsickofridingonabumpybusBnervousofmeetingstrangersCupsetaboutthesuddenchangeDsorryabouttheimpracticalplan答案C解析句意理解題。根據(jù)前文“Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidntpickupandIhadnootherwaytor