（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題五 寫作 第三節(jié) 概要寫作學(xué)案 新人教版

第三節(jié)概要寫作該題型要求根據(jù)所提供的材料寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。其中所提供的短文詞數(shù)在350以內(nèi)，所選材料的體裁沒有限制，以說明文、議論文和記敘文為主。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)本題總分為25分，按5個(gè)檔次給分(詞數(shù)少于40和多于80的，從總分中減去2分)檔次描述第五檔(2125)1理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)。2能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。3能有效使用語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。4完全使用了自己的語言。第四檔(1620)1理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋絕大部分要點(diǎn)。2所使用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯可能有些錯(cuò)誤，但完全不影響意義表達(dá)。3比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。4有個(gè)別整句抄自原文。第三檔(1115)1理解較為準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋大部分要點(diǎn)。2所使用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面雖有些錯(cuò)誤，但不影響意義表達(dá)。3使用簡(jiǎn)單的語句間的連接成分，使上下文內(nèi)容連貫。4出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象。第二檔(610)1理解有誤差，僅涵蓋半數(shù)要點(diǎn)。2有些許語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了意義的表達(dá)。3較少使用語句間的連接成分，全文內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。4出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象。第一檔(15)1沒有理解原文，造成概要內(nèi)容與原文主題不符。2有較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，嚴(yán)重影響了意義的表達(dá)。3缺乏語句間的連接成分，全文內(nèi)容不連貫。4出現(xiàn)多個(gè)句子抄自原文現(xiàn)象。0分白卷、內(nèi)容太少無法評(píng)判或所寫內(nèi)容與所提供內(nèi)容無關(guān)。常見錯(cuò)誤1不能準(zhǔn)確抓住要點(diǎn)。概要寫作的重點(diǎn)是能概括出要點(diǎn)，如果不能抓住要點(diǎn)，句子寫得再好，也不能得分。因此，抓住要點(diǎn)是關(guān)鍵。抓準(zhǔn)要點(diǎn)，除了要讀懂文章的主旨、了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，還要特別注意一些標(biāo)志詞，如小標(biāo)題、高頻詞等。2隨意打亂文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。概要寫作一般會(huì)提供結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰的文章。而寫概要的時(shí)候，一般都是按照文章的結(jié)構(gòu)去概括要點(diǎn)。不要輕易打亂文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。3各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的獨(dú)立性不夠。考試說明對(duì)要點(diǎn)的獨(dú)立性有明確的要求。因此，我們對(duì)要點(diǎn)的陳述也要相對(duì)獨(dú)立，一般不要把幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)放到一個(gè)句子中。4照抄原文中的句子。概要寫作的獨(dú)立性除了各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的獨(dú)立之外，其實(shí)還要求用自己的語言去概括文章，不能直接照抄原文的句子。因此，切記要用自己的語言來概括要點(diǎn)。一、在寫作時(shí)，主要考慮以下內(nèi)容：1概括的準(zhǔn)確性概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。開篇用主題句清楚明白地告訴讀者文章的寫作目的，主題句的質(zhì)量決定概括的成敗。2語言的規(guī)范性盡量使用短句，慎用長(zhǎng)難句。多使用概括性詞語，少用具體描述性詞語。不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的語言來表達(dá)，至少要對(duì)原文句子作一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。3篇章的連貫性理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)，完全使用自己的語言，準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，得分檔次相應(yīng)比較高；相反，如果概要寫作部分出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象，得分檔次將會(huì)大大降低；所寫內(nèi)容與所提供內(nèi)容無關(guān)則不得分。所寫的文章要有一個(gè)明確的主題貫穿全文，在組織材料時(shí)要有明晰的思路。此外，層次要分明，有條理；銜接過渡要自然。在備考的過程中進(jìn)行寫提綱的訓(xùn)練有助于該項(xiàng)能力的提高。二、分體裁個(gè)個(gè)擊破1記敘文：“要素串聯(lián)法”記敘文主要是記敘所發(fā)生的事情和經(jīng)歷。常見的形式有：故事、日記、新聞報(bào)道、游記等。記敘文通常要交代清楚六要素的內(nèi)容，即when，where，who，what，how，why(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果)，給讀者一個(gè)內(nèi)容完整、細(xì)節(jié)清晰的故事。事情的敘述通常按時(shí)間的順序敘述，讓讀者易于把握所敘述內(nèi)容之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)。我們必須抓住記敘文的寫作特點(diǎn)或思路，從而更好地理解文章主題，概括出比較中肯的短文中心大意，用最簡(jiǎn)練的語言來說明故事講述了什么。其概要模板為：(1)點(diǎn)明寫作目的類：The writer tells us.(主題)by showing us an example of.，who/which.(故事情節(jié))(2)作者經(jīng)歷類：In the passage，the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing.，which.(3)他人經(jīng)歷類：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb.sexperienceofdoing.2議論文：“主題概括法”議論文通常用來講明道理、議論是非、提出觀點(diǎn)和看法。作者先正面或反面提出論點(diǎn)，然后用事實(shí)論證論點(diǎn)，最后以重申論點(diǎn)或提出建議的方式得出結(jié)論。議論文的主題句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。該概述的過程中盡可能客觀簡(jiǎn)要地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料的觀點(diǎn)。可以采用如下方法概括：Thewriterofthisarticlethinksthat.或者你認(rèn)為該材料的觀點(diǎn)代表了一些人的思想，就可以說Somepeople think.，還可以從中立的角度或用“無人稱”的方式來說The article gives the view that.。常用以下句式開頭：(1)Thepassagemainlytellsus (talksabout).(2)Wecanknowfromthepassage.(3)Asfarastheauthorisconcerned.3說明文、應(yīng)用文：“段意合并法”說明性短文，必須用概括性的文字來說明某種現(xiàn)象，常用以下句式開頭：(1)Itisstatedinthearticlethat.(2)Accordingtothepassage，theauthorstatesthat.說明文的概括結(jié)構(gòu)為：phenomenon/problemreasonsolution (causeandeffect)，introductionofanobject (howitismade，howitisused，howitmaychange，whatmakesitneworsignificant)(3)對(duì)于說明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字說明某一現(xiàn)象。其模板為：現(xiàn)象揭示類：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon(主題)，which.(補(bǔ)充解釋)利弊對(duì)比類：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandBA.whileB.研究顯示類：Thestudyreveals(揭露) that.Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat.三、寫作步驟1弄清要求，有的放矢。概要寫作是寫全文的概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，也不是單獨(dú)就某些問題寫出要點(diǎn)。2細(xì)讀原文，確定主題句。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，確定文章的主題句，掌握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，明確各段的大意。主題句一般在段首。沒有主題句的需要自己組合。3尋找關(guān)鍵詞，列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析主題句意義，確定關(guān)鍵詞，關(guān)鍵詞一般體現(xiàn)為名詞、形容詞，關(guān)鍵詞的數(shù)目決定了概括的信息濃度。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。1(2019·6月浙江)Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman，authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids，says, “Wevegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise，parentsthinktheyrebuildingtheirchildrensconfidence，when，infact，itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand，whengiveninawaythatsinsincere，makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparentspraisehasputthem.Still，dontgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeelliketheyrenotgoodenoughorthatyoudontcareand，asaresult，mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise? Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome，youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildrenseffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal，”saysDonahue，authorofParentingWithoutFear: LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatitstheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhesoutthereeverydayandplayinghard，youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenhe/shehasworkedhardtocleantheyard，cookdinner，orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis，praiseshouldbegivenonacase­by­casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的) totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.思路點(diǎn)撥文章體裁：議論文時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主文章大意：父母對(duì)孩子的過多表揚(yáng)或過少都會(huì)帶來不好的影響，恰當(dāng)?shù)谋頁P(yáng)應(yīng)著重表揚(yáng)孩子做事過程中的努力而非結(jié)果，并建立在實(shí)際情況的基礎(chǔ)上。段落大意：1現(xiàn)在的父母表揚(yáng)孩子過多，會(huì)帶來負(fù)面的影響，如孩子害怕嘗試新事物或者害怕達(dá)不到父母的高期待等。2過少的表揚(yáng)也是有害的，會(huì)讓孩子覺得自己不夠好，沒有得到父母的關(guān)心或覺得自己的努力沒有意義。3正確的方式應(yīng)該是注重贊美的質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量，注重孩子努力的過程而非結(jié)果。4表揚(yáng)要適當(dāng)，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況。變式表達(dá)要點(diǎn)1(1)Givingchildrentoomuchpraisecanbebadforthem.(概括明了)(2)Parentspraisetheirkidstobuildtheirconfidencebutgivingthemalotofpraisemaybejusttheopposite.(交代目的和反作用)要點(diǎn)2(1)Notpraisingthemisalsoharmful，whichmakesthemnottryhard.(定語從句，簡(jiǎn)潔)(2)Kidswillloseheartifnotpraisedenough.(狀語從句、省略句，簡(jiǎn)單明了)要點(diǎn)3(1)Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothequalityofpraiseratherthanthequantity，andweshouldremembertheprocessismoreimportantthantheend.(并列句，交代兩個(gè)方面的問題)(2)Actually，whatreallymattersisthequalityratherthanthequantityofpraise，whichshouldbesincereandconcentrateontheprocessinsteadoftheresult.(actually的使用，使前后銜接緊湊)要點(diǎn)4(1) Praisingchildrenappropriatelyisimportant，whichcanencourageandrecognizethem.(which定語從句說明目的)(2) Inaword，praisingchildrenshouldbebasedonthefactsandtheirefforts，withthepurposeofencouragingandrecognizingthem.(inaword概括全文)參考范文Parentspraisetheirchildrentopromotetheirconfidence，buttoomuchpraisemayresultinoppositeeffects.(要點(diǎn)1) However，kidsmayfeeldiscouragedwhennotgivenenoughpraise.(要點(diǎn)2)Actually，whatreallymattersisthequalityratherthanthequantityofpraise，whichshouldbesincereandconcentrateonprocessinsteadofresult.(要點(diǎn)3) Praiseoffersencouragementandrecognition，whileitshouldbebasedonthefactandcorrespondwiththeeffort.(要點(diǎn)4)2(2018·11月浙江)Itsareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園) likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms，classroomsandathleticequipmentand，ofcourse，thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses，anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife，anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.Theresnoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact，alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus，andobviously，ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwontbeasmuchofapossibility，butifyoulivenearby，gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsarentgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply，attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyoudliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudontlikeaboutcertaincampuses，thingsthatyouwouldntknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now，iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.Itsachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers，students，andcollegecounselors(顧問)，anditwontcostyouapenny! Y.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircanttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit，itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyoudliketoattend.思路點(diǎn)撥文章體裁：議論文時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主文章大意：上大學(xué)之前需要全面地了解你所感興趣的學(xué)校，文章介紹了幾種了解大學(xué)的途徑。段落大意：1在上哪所大學(xué)之前需要全面地了解你所感興趣的學(xué)校，實(shí)地考察是了解學(xué)校的最好途徑。2如果有可能，盡量去參觀一下當(dāng)?shù)氐拇髮W(xué)校園。3倘若實(shí)在沒有時(shí)間在申請(qǐng)之前去看，那么也要在提交申請(qǐng)和接到錄取通知書這段時(shí)間之間去了解你想去的學(xué)校。4當(dāng)你既沒有時(shí)間也沒有財(cái)力的時(shí)候，上網(wǎng)瀏覽網(wǎng)上大學(xué)博覽會(huì)也是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。變式表達(dá)要點(diǎn)1(1) Itsgoodtovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply.(概括簡(jiǎn)潔明了)(2)Thereisnodoubtthatitisbeneficialforyoutovisitcollegesbeforeapplying.(thereisnodoubtthat.，同位語從句的運(yùn)用提升句子檔次)要點(diǎn)2(1) Ifyoulivenearthecollege，dovisititinperson.(do強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)(2)Itisnecessarytopayavisittothelocalcolleges，whichmaybeaskedinapplications.(定語從句使句子更生動(dòng))要點(diǎn)3(1)Onlywhenyouvisitthecollegeinadvancecanyoufindwhetheritisappropriateforyou.(運(yùn)用倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)提前參觀大學(xué)的好處)(2) Atleast，youshouldvisittheschoolandfigureoutitsrealconditionsinadvance.(atleast起到了很好的銜接作用)要點(diǎn)4(1)Ifyouhavenotimeormoney，itisagoodideatosurftheonlinecollegefairs.(概括簡(jiǎn)潔)(2)Timeandmoneylimited，youcanregisterfortheonlinecollegefairstovisitthecolleges.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)說明條件不具備)參考范文Itsreallyworthwhileforstudentstopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.(要點(diǎn)1)Undoubtedly，studentsshouldvisittheirlocalcolleges，whichmaybeincludedinapplications.(要點(diǎn)2) Atleast，theyshouldvisittheschoolandfigureoutitsrealconditionsinadvance.(要點(diǎn)3) Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime，registeringfortheonlinecollegefairisagoodalternativetohelpthembetterunderstandschools.(要點(diǎn)4)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。HowtoGoAboutIt?Theoldsaying，“Findapenny，pickitup，andalldaylongyoullhavegoodluck”，mightbeagoodideaforonelookingtoadoptcoincollectingasahobby.Anyonecanstartcoincollecting.Itseasyandfuntostartcollectingonyourown.Youcanbeginsimply，withjustthecoinsinyourpocket.Andfromthere，yourhobbywillgrowintoalifelonghobbywithalittlediligence，perseverance，disciplineandpatience.Coincollectingisbotheducationalandinformative.Forkidsofyourage，allyouneedisaninterestincoins，asharpeye，andaboxtoputthemin.Youcanlookinyourpocketchange，atdepartmentstores，atflea(跳蚤) markets，inpennydishesorinthecheapboxesatcoinshops.Dontworryaboutwhetheritsworthanythingjuststartwithwhateverstrikesyourfancy(愛好)Ifyouwanttotakespecialcareofyourcoinssothattheydontgetscratched(有抓痕的)，youcanputeachoneinasmallpaperenvelopebeforeyouputitinabox.Thefirstyouwillneedtodoistovisityourlocalhobbyshop.Thereyoucanpurchaseamagnifyingglass(放大鏡)，somecoins，andsomecoinstorage(存儲(chǔ)) materials.Onceyouhavecollectedagoodnumberofcoins，youwillneedtodecidethetypeofyourcollectionandthechoicescanbeconfusingandendless.Youcancollectthemseparately，orbuypre­collectedsetsof(幾套) Lincolnpennies(便士)，Mercurydimes(硬幣)，coinsfromforeignlands，andsoon，tostartyourcollection.Maybeyouwanttojustcollectcoinsfromacertaintimeperiodthatinterestyou.Whateveryourdecision，stickwithitandworktocompleteyourcollection.Youcanaddtoyourcollectionbyvisitingcoinshowsortradingwithfamilyandfriendswhomightshareinterestwithyou.Thefinalstepistogetoutthere，enjoythehobbyandpulltogetherthemostamazingcollectionofcoinsevergathered.寫作提示1寫作要點(diǎn)(1)第一段通過引用名言引出介紹的話題：“Anyonecanstartcoincollecting.”“Coincollectingisbotheducationalandinformative.”。(2)根據(jù)第二段首句“Forkidsofyourage，allyouneedisaninterestincoins，asharpeye，andaboxtoputthemin.”可知，對(duì)于與你年齡相仿的孩子來說，需要具備對(duì)硬幣的興趣、敏銳的觀察力和存放硬幣的盒子。(3)根據(jù)第三段的首句“Thefirstyouwillneedtodoistovisityourlocalhobbyshop.”可知，收集硬幣首先要去當(dāng)?shù)氐臉I(yè)余愛好者商店看看。(4)根據(jù)第四段中的“Youcancollectthemseparately，orbuypre­collectedsetsof(幾套) Lincolnpennies(便士)，Mercurydimes(硬幣)，coinsfromforeignlands”可知，在收集了一些硬幣之后，要把它們分類整理。(5)由第五段可知，你可以通過去硬幣展或者是和有同樣愛好的家人、朋友交換來增加你的收藏。(6)最后一段告訴我們，收藏完成后，要走出去和別人分享成功的快樂。這是一篇說明文，文章開篇便點(diǎn)題，說明硬幣收集的意義，然后從6個(gè)方面分6步進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。由于論點(diǎn)較多，在概括時(shí)要注意連接成分的使用。2得分詞句：asharpeye；togetyourcoins；ifnecessary; Inaddition；定語從句：whichcanbebotheducationalandinformative；whencompleting省略句等。參考范文Anyonecanstartcoincollectingwhichcanbebotheducationalandinformative.Forkidsofyourage，interest，asharpeyeandaboxareneeded.First，goouttovisityourlocalhobbyshoptogetyourcoins.Andthenseparateorbuypre­collectedsetsifnecessary.Finally，youcanalsoaddtoyourcollection.Inaddition，whencompletingcollections，goouttoenjoyorsharethem.強(qiáng)化練(二十六).應(yīng)用文寫作假定你是李華。你從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上得知第十二屆國際未來商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖峰會(huì)(InternationalFutureBusinessLeaderSummit)將在上海舉行，并歡迎中學(xué)生參加。請(qǐng)你寫一封電子郵件申請(qǐng)參加。要點(diǎn)如下：1自我介紹(包括英語能力)；2申請(qǐng)參加活動(dòng)的意圖(增長(zhǎng)商業(yè)知識(shí)、提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、加強(qiáng)交流)；3希望獲準(zhǔn)。注意：1詞數(shù)80左右；2可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，以使內(nèi)容充實(shí)，行文連貫。參考范文DearSirorMadam，ImLiHua，amiddleschoolstudentfromChina.Ireadaboutyourannouncementofthe12thInternationalFutureBusinessLeaderSummitpostedontheInternet.Imwritingtoapplyforanopportunitytojoininit.TenyearsofEnglishlearningenablesmetohaveagoodcommandofthislanguage.Whatsmore，Icandeepenmyunderstandingofbusiness，improvemyleadershipandcommunicatewithstudentsfromothercountriesaswell.Idohopetobeadmittedtoyoursummit.Lookingforwardtoyourreply!Regards，LiHua.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。Iwasdoingabigclean­uprecentlyandmykidswerehelpingwhenmyson，F(xiàn)reddo，cameacrossaknottedhandkerchiefwithanolddarkbrowncoininside.“Mum，canIhavethis? CanIplaywiththiscoin？”heasked.Itookalookandwasimmediatelytransportedtoanothertime.In1991，therewasatimewhenmyfriendandIworkedinabackwardAfricancountry，Niger，hitbysandstormsandburningheat.ThereweremanythingsIfounddifficultaboutthisplacetheclimateandbeggarsweremybiggestheadaches.Soafterfinishingfivemonthsofnursingworkthere，wemovedontoworkatahealthclinicintheneighbouringcountry，BurkinaFaso.“ItsmuchgreenerinBurkina.EventheCoketastesbetter，”thelocalsassuredus.Yetthefactwasquitetheopposite.ArrivingbytaxiatourdestinationinBurkina，webegantounload.Iwasreachingformylargerpieceofluggagewhen，outofthedarkness，amotorbikewithtwomenapproachedslowly.Withoutwarning，oneofthemengrabbedmydaypackasthemotorbikesweptcloseby.Withinseconds，thepairwereoutofsight，swallowedupbythenight.Withmypassport，money，travellerschequesallinthebag，Iwasindeeptrouble.Howfrustrating! AllIwantedwastoleavethishellhole! Then，walkingthroughBurkinasstreetsoneday，Iwasstoppedbyanoldwomanwhothrustherhandinmyface.“Cadeau (giftinFrench)! Cadeau！”shecried.Idhadenough! Iwasextremelytiredofthecountry：itspoverty，itsthieves，theheat，thedustand.everything! ItoldherangrilyandfirmlyinFrench，“IhavenocadeauIhavenomoney.AthiefstoleallmymoneytwoweeksagoandnowIcantgetoutofyourcountry.Icannotgiveyouanything.NOTHING！”Thebeggarwomanlistenedattentively.Tomygreatsurprise，afterhearingmywords，shegavemeabroadsmile.注意：1所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2應(yīng)使用5個(gè)以上短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4續(xù)寫完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph1：Shereachedintothepocketsofherdress.Paragraph2：Therewasaslighttouchonmyhand; lookingdown，Isawmysonlookingatme，curious.參考范文Shereachedintothepocketsofherdress.“ThenIwillgiveyouacadeau，”sheannounced.Kindly，sheplacedanold，darkbrowncoininmyhand.Insurprise，Ilookedatthecoin，thenatthewoman.Atthatmoment，Ifeltratherashamed，ashamedofmyterribleattitudetowardstheoldwoman.Inspiteofherpoverty，shewasabletogivemesomethingpriceless.Ihadtakenitforgrantedthatbeggarswouldonlyreceivesomethingfromothers，yetthecoinfromthebeggarwomaninBurkinatrulychangedmyviewtowardsthem，andhersmilehitthedeepestofmyheart.Therewasaslighttouchonmyhand; lookingdown，Isawmysonlookingatme，curious.“Mum，canIhavethis? CanIplaywiththiscoin？”herepeated.“Youcantplaywithit，honey.”Itouchedmysonontheheadandsaidslowly，“Thisoneisspecial.Itisanunforgettablepreciousmemorytome.Comeandletmetellyouastory.”強(qiáng)化練(二十七).應(yīng)用文寫作假如你是李華，你們班正在為即將舉行的英語戲劇節(jié)排練節(jié)目TheMillionPoundBankNote(百萬英鎊)，請(qǐng)你給外教MrBrown寫一封電子郵件以尋求他的指導(dǎo)和幫助，要點(diǎn)如下：1排練時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；2請(qǐng)他指導(dǎo)臺(tái)詞；3表示感謝。注意：1詞數(shù)80左右；2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：排練rehearsal；臺(tái)詞lines參考范文DearMrBrown，Imwritingtoaskafavorofyou.WiththeEnglishPlayFestivaldrawingnear，ourclassarecurrentlydevotedtotherehearsalofTheMillionPoundBankNote.OurnextrehearsalisscheduledinRoom101at7oclockthisSunday.Asnon­nativespeakers，weareindesperateneedoftheguidanceonlinesfromsomeonelikeyou，whohasimpresseduswithprofoundknowledgeanddeepinsightintotheEnglishliterature.Wewouldappreciateitifyoucouldbepresentandoffersomesuggestions.Lookingforwardtoyourfavorablereply!Yours，LiHua.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。ScientistsinLondonsaytheyhavefoundthebestdietforbothhumansandtheplanet.Iftheworldfollowedtheso­called“planetaryhealth”diet，thescientiststoldReutersthateachyearmorethan11millionearlydeathscouldbeprevented.Scientistssaythatthewayweproduceandeatfoodisverybadfortheplanet.Forthehealthoftheplanet，theyclaimthesamedietwouldreducegreenhousegasesandsavemoreland，waterandanimals.TimLang，aprofessoratBritainsUniversityofLondon，co­ledtheresearch.HetoldReuters，“Thefoodweeatandhowweproduceitdeterminesthehealthofpeopleandtheplanet，andwearecurrentlygettingthisseriouslywrong.”Langaddedthattheworldspopulationisexpectedtogrowto10billionpeopleby2050.Ifwewanttofeedeveryone，heexplained，weallneedtochangewhatweeatandthewayweeatby“improvingfoodproductionandreducingfoodwaste”Well，whatdoyoueatontheplanetaryhealthdiet? Thescientistswhocreatedthisdietsayitislargelyplant­basedbutstillhassmallamountsofdairy，fishandmeat.Thedietcallsforcuttingredmeatandsugarby50percentanddoublingtheamountofnuts，fruits，vegetablesandlegumes.Foodsituationsaroundtheworldarenotequal.Incertainareas，thiswouldmeangreatchanges.PeopleinNorthAmerica，forexample，eat6.5timestherecommendedamountofredmeat.Ontheotherhand，peopleinSouthAsiaeatonlyhalftheamountsuggestedbythenewplanetaryhealthdiet.Meetingthetargetsforvegetableswouldneedbigchangesinotherareas.Insub­SaharanAfrica，peopleonaverageeat7.5timesthesuggestedamountofvegetableslikepotatoesandcassava.Thescientistsadmittheirgoalwillbedifficulttoachieve.Butforthemdoingnothingisalsonotanoption.Willetsaid，“Ifwecantquitemakeit，itsbettertotryandgetascloseaswecan.”參考范文Scientistsclaimtheyhaveobtainedthebestdietbenefitingbothhumansandtheplanet.TimLang，theleaderoftheresearch，emphasizedthesignificanceofchangingthefoodandthewayweeat.Inotherwords，itismorescientificfordiettobemorebasedonplantsthananimals.However，thefoodconditionisnotgloballybalanced.Toughasthetargetistorealize，itisworthtrying.強(qiáng)化練(二十八).應(yīng)用文寫作假如你是李華。期中考試后，為了讓大家好好放松一下，上周末你班組織了一次郊游活動(dòng)。這次活動(dòng)受到了全班同學(xué)的一致好評(píng)。請(qǐng)你就本次活動(dòng)給校園英語報(bào)寫一篇報(bào)道。內(nèi)容包括：1欣賞風(fēng)光；2享受野餐；3做小游戲。注意：1詞數(shù)80左右，題目已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；2可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。APleasantOuting參考范文APleasantOutingLastweekend，inordertohelpusstudentsgetrelaxedafterthemid­termexamination，ourclassorganizedanoutingandeveryonetookanactivepartinit.Ontheway，wesawamazingscenesandtookmanyphotos.Oncewereachedthechosensite，weenjoyedadeliciouspicnicfirstandthenplayedinterestinggames.Everybodyhadlotsoffun.Thisoutingnotonlybroughtusgreatpleasurebutalsorelievedpressureinourstudy.Andtherelationshipamongusstudentsalsogotstrengthened.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。Awealthymanandhissonlikedtocollectrareworksofart.Theyhadeverythingintheircollection，fromPicassotoRaphael.Theywouldoftensittogetherandadmirethesegreatworksofart.WhentheVietnamconflictbrokeout，thesonwenttowar.Unfortunatelyhediedinabattlewhilerescuinganothersoldier.Thefatherwasindeepsorrowforhisonlyson.Aboutamonthlater，justbeforeChristmas，therewasaknockatthedoor.Ayoungmanstoodatthedoorwithalargepackageinhishands.Hesaid，“Sir，youdontknowme，Iamthesoldierforwhomyoursongavehislife.”“Hesavedmanylivesthatday，andhewascarryingmetosafetywhenabulletstruckhimintheheartandkilledhiminstantly.”“Heoftentalkedaboutyou，andyourloveofart.”Theyoungmanheldoutthepackage，“Iknowthisisntmuch.”“Imnotagreatartist，butIthinkyoursonwouldhavewantedyoutohavethis.”Thefatheropenedthepackage.Itwasapictureofhisson，paintedbytheyoungman.Hestaredinsurpriseatthewaythesoldiercapturedthepersonalityofhissoninthepainting.Thefatherwassodrawntotheeyesthathisowneyeswelledwithtears.Hethankedtheyoungmanandofferedtopayforthepainting.“Oh，no，sir，Icouldneverrepaywhatyoursondidforme.Itsagift.”Thefatherhungthepictureonthehall.Everytimevisitorscametohishomehetookthemtoseetheportraitofhissonbeforeheshowedthemanyoftheothergreatworkshehadcollected.Themandiedafewmonthslater.Therewasgoingtobeagreatauction(拍賣會(huì)) ofhisartcollection.Manyinfluentialpeoplegathered，excitedoverseeingthegreatpaintingsandhavingtheopportunitytopurchaseonefortheircollection.注意：1所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4續(xù)寫完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph1：Ontheplatformsatthepaintingoftheson.Paragraph2：Finally