2015年高考英語 名詞性從句學案（無答案）

名詞性從句名詞性從句概況名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句的時態(tài)和語序名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中其它需要注意的問題A組中，a b c d 劃線部分都為 詞，在句子中分別作 、 、 、 。（成分）B組中，劃線部分都為 ，在句子中分別作 、 、 、 。（成分）名詞性從句高考熱點透析名詞性從句專項練習一名詞性從句概況（概念、分類、識別） 1.概念A(yù)組 His job is important.This is his job. I dont like his job. I dont know about the man, Mr. White.B組 What he does is important This is what he does every day.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.結(jié)論：在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞或名詞性詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語。2.分類：根據(jù)不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 3.識別: （1）找出主句的謂語動詞（2）主句謂語動詞之前的是主語從句；主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）、動詞短語或介詞之后的是賓語從句；表語從句位于系動詞之后；同位語從句位于某一名詞（news ,fact, idea, desire, suggestion, promise, information, situation）之后，作該名詞的同位語。Practise: 判斷下列句子屬于名詞性從句的哪種類型1. What the baby could speak made his parents very happy. ( )2. I wonder whether you will go shopping or stay at home. ( ) 3. This is why he was often late for school.( ) 4. We all know the truth that the earth turns around the sun.( ) 二、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞大致可分為三類： 連接詞：that，whether，if（不充當句子的任何成分） 連接代詞：what，whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.(充當成分) 連接副詞：when, where, why, who.（充當成分）(一)連接詞that，whether，ifA: that 1. 判斷下列從句類型That he is still alive is sheer luck. ( ) John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. ( ) The fact is that he has not been seen recently. ( ) The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. ( ) 總結(jié)：以上劃線部分的共同點：都是完整的句子，都由that引導(dǎo)，that在其中無意義，也不作成分。that可以引導(dǎo)四類名詞性從句。2. 判斷下列句子正誤。He is still alive is sheer luck. ( ) John said he was leaving for London on Wednesday. ( ) The fact is he has not been seen recently. ( ) The fact he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. ( ) 總結(jié)：通常情況下，that在賓語從句中可以省略，但在其它三類名詞性從句中that不可省。3 分析下列句子。（1）I dont know exactly where he lives, except that its somewhere out in the wilds.（2）He told me he had to leave and that he would be back soon. （3）We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. （4）That price will go up I know.分析：以上句子的共同點是：都是由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；that都不可省?？偨Y(jié)：that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不可省的情況有：(1)當that從句作介賓時；(2)動詞后跟有多個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可以??；(3)賓語從句前有插入語時；(4)that引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時。B：whether /if1. 判斷下列從句的類型（1）Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. （ ）（2）I dont know whether/if hell arrive in time. （ ）（3）The question is whether the film is worth seeing. （ ）（4）There is some doubt whether he will come. （ ）總結(jié)：劃線部分都是完整的句子，其中whether 或if都有“是否”之意；whether可以引導(dǎo)四類名詞性從句；在賓語從句中，whether可用if代替。 2. 判斷句子正誤并改正 (1) If we can have clean dringking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.( ) (2) It remains to be seen if/whether this idea can be put into practice.( )(3) I dont know if or not the report is true.( )(4) I dont know if the report is true or not. ( )(5) It depends on whether/if we have enough time.( )(6)They dont know if to go there.( )(7)The doctor really doubts whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.( )(8)Never once did I doubt that I would be able to carry out my plan.( )(9) The question is if the film is worth seeing.( )(10) Answer my question whether you are coming。（ ）總結(jié)：名詞性從句用whether和if均可引導(dǎo)的情況：(a)賓語從句一般情況；（b）主語從句不在句首時； (c)與or not不直接連用時。 名詞性從句中只能用whether引導(dǎo)的情況：（a）主語從句在句首；(b)作介詞賓語時；（c）doubt后的賓語從句為肯定句時（否定句時用that）(d)；與or not直接連用時；(e)與to do連用時(whether to do)（二）連接代詞who, whoever, what, whatever; which, whichever, whom, whose判斷從句類型，并指出劃線部分在從句中所作的成分。Do you know who has won Red Alert game?（ ）（ ）I dont know whom you should depend on. （ ）（ ）The book will show you what the best CEOs know.（ ）（ ）The problem, whose car it is is not clear. （ ）（ ）The problem is which well visit.（ ）（ ）I wonder what the matter is.（ ）（ ）Whatever you do has noting to do with me.（ ）（ ） 總結(jié)：連接代詞who, whom, what, whose, which等可用于各類名詞性從句中，有實際意義，在從句中擔任一定的成分，根據(jù)不同的意義和需要，可以作主語、賓語、表語或定語。（三）連接副詞when,where,why,how.判斷從句類型及劃線部分的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.（ ）（ ）It is a question how he did it. （ ）（ ）None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.（ ）（ ）Thats where you are wrong.（ ）（ ）Why he answered in that fashion remains a secret.（ ）（ ） 總結(jié)：連接副詞when, where, why, how可用于各類名詞性從句中，有意義，充當成分。根據(jù)不同的意義和需要在從句中作狀語。三、名詞性從句的時態(tài)和語序（一）、賓語從句中時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)A組：（1）I know (that) he  (study) English next year. (2) I know (that) he  (study) English for three years. (3) I know (that) he  (study) English for three years by the time he was ten. B組 （1）She will tell you whether she (study) English these years（2）She will tell how many years she (study) English before she came here.C組：（1）The teacher told us that Tom  (leave) us for America next week.（2）The teacher told us that Tom  (leave) us for America before we arrived. (3) People would always think that the rich (be)happy. （4）The teacher told us that the earth (turn) around the sun. 總結(jié)：在賓語從句中，若主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)；當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，（如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等）；當從句表示的是客觀真理時，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。（二） 名詞性從句的語序判斷正誤：1.他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )2.你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )3. 我們給了他我們力所能及的幫助。We gave him what (little) help we could. ( )We gave him what (little) help could we. ( )總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞具有特殊疑問詞的意義，但它們引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句一律使用陳述句語序。四、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣（一）賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 1. The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must haveB. hadC. haveD. had had總結(jié)：在suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及)等表示建議、命令、要求或請求等意義的動詞后的賓語從句，謂語動詞需用 “(should)+do”型的虛擬語氣。 （二）主語從句中的虛擬語氣1. Is it required that the students _ the examination? A. takes B. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3. It is no wander that he by the math teacher. A. punish B.be punished C. should punish D. was punished 總結(jié)：在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、命令、要求、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) thatIt is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that  It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that （三）、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 1.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.2.My proposal is that we (should) hold a meeting next week.3.His suggestion is that you should try once more.4.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. 總結(jié)：在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。五、名詞性從句中需要注意的其它問題（一）主語從句需要注意的問題1.主語從句中主句的謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，但what引導(dǎo)主語從句的主句謂語動詞的形式須根據(jù)句子的意思來判斷。(1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出來的還是一個秘密(2)What they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他們在工廠里所做的東西就是電視機。2. 主語從句一般用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將主語從句放到句末。如：(1)It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.(2)It is no surprise that our team has won the game.(3)It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.(4)It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.(5)It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about although about two thousand patients have taken it.（注：that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，也或者是連接代詞、連接副詞及whether/if引導(dǎo)的主語從句。）常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that從句 （二）賓語從句需要注意的問題 1.it作形式賓語。 （1）當一些動詞后的賓語從句有賓語補足語時，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動詞有：feel，find，think，consider，believe，guess，suppose，make等。 如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.（2）主句謂語動詞為hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”“厭惡”等感情色彩的詞以及一些動詞短語see to, depend on, rely on等，常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 2.否定轉(zhuǎn)移當動詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一個表示否定意義的賓語從句時，若主語為第一人稱，其否定通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主語；若謂語為hope，或主語為第二、三人稱，則不需要轉(zhuǎn)移。如：I dont suppose that it is true. 我認為那不是真的。I hope that isnt true.He thinks that is not true.（三）、表語從句需要注意的問題表語從句除了由通用的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)外，還可由其它特殊的引導(dǎo)詞。1. as if/as though引導(dǎo)as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句常跟在be動詞，seem，look，taste，sound，feel， appear等動詞后。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.It isnt as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你離開不回來了2. because, why 引導(dǎo)because ,why引導(dǎo)的表語從句常用于以下句型：“This /That is why.這/那是······的原因?！薄癟his /That is because.這/那是因為······”前者強調(diào)結(jié)果，后者強調(diào)原因。但because引導(dǎo)的表語從句，主句主語不能是reason或cause（該結(jié)構(gòu)常用that引導(dǎo)）。如：That is why he was late for the meeting yesterday.That is because he missed the early bus by two minutes.The reason why he was late for the meeting yesterday is that he missed the early bus by two minutes.（四）、同位語從句需要注意的問題同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：（1）同位語從句是對從句前面名詞進行說明或解釋；而定語從句是對前面名詞的修飾限定。（2）同位語從句前面的名詞大都是news，fact，idea，thought，hope，order等抽象名詞；而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分或全部。（3）同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不充當句子成分，沒意義，也不省略；定語從句中that代替先行詞在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；作賓語時可省略。如：The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.( ) The news (that)we heard on the radio was not true.( )六、名詞性從句高考熱點  1.考查名詞性從句的語序問題例1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he      B. who he is    C. who is it      D. who it is 例2. Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put   B. where did Alice put C. where Alice has put  D. where has Alice put  例3. He asked _ for the violin.A. did I pay how much     B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay     D. how much I paid2.考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別例1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. A. What; what     B. What; that     C. That; that     D. That; what例2. _ you have done might do harm to other people.     A. That       B. What    C. Whether       D. How例3. _ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What    B. Who        C. That        D. Whether3. 考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式例1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.   A. There            B. This     C. That             D. It例2. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning grey.   A. while         B. if        C. that          D. for例3. I hate _when people talk with their mouths full.   A. it             B. that        C. this            D. them例4. Does _ matter if he can't finish the job on time?  A. this          B. that         C. he           D. it4.考查whether與if的區(qū)別例1. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.   A. If               B. Whether        C. That        D. Where例2. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.  A. Whenever         B. If        C. Whether            D. That5.考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別例1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.  A. however    B. whatever    C. whichever    D. whenever例2. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.  A. Anyone        B. The person        C. Whoever        D. Who6.考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題例1：It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.  A. masters    B. should master   C. mastered    D. will master7. doubt后的名詞性從句的使用。 8. that與which的區(qū)別 9. that與 whether的區(qū)別 10. what與 which的區(qū)別七、名詞性從句專項練習1._that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is said   B. They are said   C. It said        D. It says2. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What      B. That    C. How    D. Where 3. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether     B. if        C. that             D. how 4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be . A .what            B. how        C. that        D. which 5. _ is no possibility _ Bob will win the first prize in the match. A. There, that     B. It, that    C. There, whether    D. It, whether6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the headmaster _ he had done the day before. A .that         B. how        C .what              D. where7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughter grown            B. would his daughter grow C. his daughter would grow           D. his daughter had grown 8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along            B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along           D. what is she getting along 9. _surprised me most was _such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A. That; what     B. What; that    C. That; that        D. What; what10. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever        B. which        C. that          D. whichever11. _ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who        B. Anyone        C. Whoever         D. The person 12. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited            B. how excited they were C. how excited were they            D. they were how excited13. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why      B. That; why     C. What; because      D. Why; that14. It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. What; that        B. That; that C. What; what       D. That; what15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _to the front.A. should send     B. must be sent    C. should be sent    D. must go16. The true value of life is not in _,but _.A. which we get; what give we         B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give   D. how we get; that we give17. We are all for your advice that the discussion _.A. be put off   B. was put off  C. should put of   D.is to be put off18. Go and get your coatIt's _ you left it A. where         B. there     C. here where        D. where there19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyone        B. whomever     C. whoever        D. no matter who20. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_ road condition need_.A. that; to be improved        B. which; to be improvedC. where; improving           D. when; improving