2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第9講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣學(xué)案

2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第9講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣學(xué)案1. How's your new babysitter? We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. (xx浙江卷) A. should B. might C. mustn't D. couldn't 【答案及解析】1. D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“你的新保姆怎么樣？”“找不到更好的了。我們的孩子們都很喜歡她。”should應(yīng)該；might可能，可以；mustn't禁止；couldn't不可能。2. Had I known about this puter program, a huge amount of time and energy _.(xx浙江卷) A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved 【答案及解析】2. A考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句子的倒裝特征判斷此處是省略了if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，原形是：If I had known about this puter program, a huge amount of time and energy _. 句意為：如果我早知道這個(gè)電腦程序，就可以節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間和精力了。3. “You _ have a wrong number，” she said. “There's no one of that name here.”(xx浙江卷) A. need B. can C. must D. would【答案及解析】3. C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如果表示非常肯定的推測(cè)要用must。句意為：“你肯定打錯(cuò)電話了，”她說，“我們這里沒有一個(gè)叫那個(gè)名字的人?！?. The doctor remended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.(xx浙江卷) A. wouldn't B. couldn't C. needn't D. shouldn't【答案及解析】4. D考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句子中的remended(推薦)可知，從句應(yīng)用“should 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示虛擬，且此句為否定句。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，其后接動(dòng)詞原形。2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般沒有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)詞原形表描述現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(modal verb be / do, modal verb be doing)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表描述過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(modal verb have done)。 ?？记閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法1. can, could(1)表能力(be able to)。(2)表許可may。(3)表客氣的請(qǐng)求，could比can更委婉。(4)表推測(cè)，僅用于否定句和問句。(5)(表示可能、許可)能夠；可以 (6)can't / couldn't v. too adj. / adv. 再怎么也不過分can't / couldn't butv. 只好，不得不can't help doing禁不住做can't help but do不能幫助做2. may, might(1)表允許，許可can。You may go home now, Susan. 蘇珊，你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。 (2)表可能性，may比might可能性更大。(3)may / might as well v. 還是好You may as well wait till Tuesday and go on a fast train.你還是等到星期二乘快車走為好。(4)表祝愿，祈求。May you succeed！祝你成功！(5)(用于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)即使；無論。Whatever he may say，I don't believe him. 無論他說什么，我都不相信他的話。3. must(1)(表示義務(wù)、必要性、命令)必須，得，要。You must do as you are told. 你必須按照吩咐去做。(2)表強(qiáng)烈的勸告。(3)表把握性很大的推測(cè)。(4)must not表禁止，不允許。Cars mustn't be parked here. 此處禁止停車。(5)must的一般疑問句的否定回答用needn't或don't have to。(6)(表固執(zhí)，不滿等)偏偏，硬要，偏要表示與說話人愿望相反及不耐煩。Our three­year­old boy must do the opposite to what we ordered. 我們3歲的兒子很固執(zhí)，要他向東，他偏向西。(7)(表必然性)必定。Everyone must die. 每個(gè)人都必定會(huì)死。4. shall(1)用于第一、三人稱表征求意見，請(qǐng)求指示。Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?今晚請(qǐng)她和我們一起去看演唱會(huì)嗎？(2)用于第二、三人稱， 表示說話人的命令、強(qiáng)制、允諾、威脅或決心等， 多見于法律條文等文件中。Don't worry。You shall get the answer this very afternoon. (允諾)He shall be sorry one day. I tell you. 我告訴你，他早晚有一天會(huì)后悔的。(警告)5. should(1)(表驚訝、遺憾)竟然；居然。It's a pity that he should resign. 可惜他竟然辭職了。(2)(用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中)一旦；萬一。Should you change your mind, let us know. (If you should change your mind，)你一旦改變主意，就通知我們。 (3)(用于表示命令、建議、請(qǐng)求的動(dòng)詞后面的that從句中，且should可省略)應(yīng)該；必須。I suggested that he (should) change his mind. 我建議他改變主意。6. will /would(1)表請(qǐng)求，would用疑問句多與you連用比will更委婉，客氣。(2)表習(xí)慣性或反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去的習(xí)慣used to。(3)表意愿或固執(zhí)堅(jiān)持，事情作主語(yǔ)表固有的性質(zhì)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)：對(duì)肯定情況的推測(cè)： must be /do(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?must be doing(說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行)must have pp. (已發(fā)生的或狀態(tài))對(duì)否定情況的推測(cè)：can /could not be /do(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?can't /couldn't be doing(正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)can /could not have pp. (過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài))把握性很大may be/do(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?may be doing(說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作)may have pp. (已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài))may not be/do(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?may not be doing(說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作)may not have pp. (過去已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài))把握性其次might be/do(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?might be doing(說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作)might have pp. (過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài))might not be/do(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?might not be doing(說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作)might not have pp. (過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài))把握性不大2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式：(1) could have done 本來能夠做而實(shí)際上未做(2) might have done 本來可以做而實(shí)際上未做(3) should / ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上未做(4) ought not to have done /shouldn't have done 本來不應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上做了 (5) needn't have done 本來不必要做而實(shí)際上做了虛擬語(yǔ)氣if 虛擬條件句的形式 注意：有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致(表示錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣)，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。如： If you had_listened_to the doctor, you would_be_all right now. 如果你當(dāng)初聽了醫(yī)生的話，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。(從句動(dòng)作指過去，主句動(dòng)作指現(xiàn)在) if 虛擬條件句的轉(zhuǎn)化 1. 省略連詞if，將were, had或should提至主語(yǔ)前。如： Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做這事。2. 用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如： Without_air,_there would be no living things. 如果沒有空氣的話，就不會(huì)有生物了。But_for_your_help，I couldn't have done it. 要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。3. 假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如：I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. 我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。(如果我那天不忙的話，我就)I would_have_finished the work, but I have been ill. 我本來該完成這項(xiàng)工作的，但我生病了。(如果我沒生病的話，我就會(huì)完成)4. 省去條件從句成主句。如：You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自己洗衣服的。If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊！ 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)1. can可以作“有時(shí)候會(huì)”解，意思是平時(shí)或大部分時(shí)間不是這樣子，只是偶爾發(fā)生的事情。如： The climates of East China can_be pretty cold in winter. 華東地區(qū)冬天的氣候有時(shí)會(huì)相當(dāng)冷。 2. 在“It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that”這類句型里，that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 “should動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”等意義。如： It is important that every member (should)_inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每個(gè)成員知道這些規(guī)則。3. 在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中： (1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)。如： I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道這個(gè)問題的答案。(可惜不知道) (2)表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用“had過去分詞”。如： I wish (wished) I hadn't_spent so much money. 我后悔不該花那么多錢。 (3)表示對(duì)將來的主觀愿望：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為“would動(dòng)詞原形”。如： I wish it would_stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。 4. 在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，mand，request，desire等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should 動(dòng)詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令等。如： I demand that he (should)_answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。5. 在“It is time (that)”句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示將來，動(dòng)詞形式一般用過去式，意思是“是該干某事的時(shí)候了”。如： It's (high) time we did our homework. 是我們?cè)撟鲎鳂I(yè)的時(shí)候了。 6. if only 要是就好了。相當(dāng)于I wish(與wish 后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣類似)，如： If only you hadn't_told him the news.