2013年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破六 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)全國(guó)版六、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)真題試做1（2012·課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考）“Life is like walking in the snow，”Granny used to say，“because every step _.”Ahas shownBis showingCshows Dshowed2（2012·課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考）I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes.Aswim BswumCswam Dhad swum3（2012·北京高考）By the time you have finished this book，your meal _ cold.Agets Bhas gotCwill get Dis getting4（2012·北京高考） Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes，fortunately no one _.Ahurt Bwas hurtChas hurt Dhad been hurt5（2012·天津高考）The letters for the boss _ on his desk but he didn't read them until three days later.Awere put Bwas putCput Dhas put考向分析從歷年高考試題看，涉及時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的題目最多，且每年題目數(shù)量相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。測(cè)試重點(diǎn)主要是以下幾個(gè)方面：1注重在語(yǔ)境中考查常見時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別，如一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（過去時(shí)）與現(xiàn)在（過去）進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別等。要求準(zhǔn)確判斷動(dòng)作和時(shí)間的關(guān)系，正確理解時(shí)間概念，如是現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來，是時(shí)間段、時(shí)間點(diǎn)還是時(shí)間瞬間。2遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原則，考查在狀語(yǔ)從句等特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中時(shí)態(tài)的代替。要求吃透語(yǔ)境，摸清命題人的意圖，善于捕捉句子中所隱含的時(shí)間信息，克服漢語(yǔ)式的慣性思維。3把語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合在一起，進(jìn)行綜合考查。各種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成，仍是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一，而且題干中有效信息越來越隱蔽，試題難度呈現(xiàn)加大的趨勢(shì)。要求明確謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，分清是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。4考查主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。對(duì)語(yǔ)境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重視有特殊用法的動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。熱點(diǎn)例析考點(diǎn)一：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示長(zhǎng)期或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行；過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可表示一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如：We are waiting for you.When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.2進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always/constantly/continually，frequently/forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有主觀色彩。如：You are always changing your mind.3下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。（1）表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：know，realize，think，see，believe，trust，suppose，imagine，guess，agree，recognize，remember，want，need，forget，prefer，mean，understand，like，love，hate，care，mind，wish等。（2）表示存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：have，own，appear，belong，possess，cost，owe，exist，lie，include，contain，matter，weigh，measure，continue，remain，seem等。（3）表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：accept，receive，complete，finish，give，allow，permit，decide，promise，admit，complete，refuse等。（4）表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等?！镜淅治觥浚?011·遼寧高考）I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I _.Awas doingBam doingChave done Dhad been doing答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：一完成手頭的工作我就去圖書館。根據(jù)主句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)排除表示過去的A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意排除表示完成的C項(xiàng)；正確答案為B項(xiàng)，表示正在進(jìn)行。（2012·四川高考）Did you catch what I said?Sorry.I _a text message just now.Ahad answered Bhave answeredCwould answer Dwas answering答案為D項(xiàng)。由問句“你聽到我說的話了嗎”可知是過去的動(dòng)作；答語(yǔ)意為“對(duì)不起。我剛才在回一條短信”。根據(jù)句意及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)just now可知，回短信的動(dòng)作正好是發(fā)生在問話人說話的那一時(shí)間點(diǎn)，即表示過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)二：一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1當(dāng)有表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（包括when）時(shí)，主句用一般過去時(shí)。如：When I was a child，I often played football in the street.2當(dāng)有表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如for和since表示時(shí)間時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止所做的事情或過去所做之事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。如：They have worked here since they left college.3延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)也可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去一段時(shí)間里曾做過某事。如：He learned English for three years.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)過三年英語(yǔ)。（只是強(qiáng)調(diào)過去學(xué)過）He has learned English for three years.他學(xué)英語(yǔ)三年了。（到現(xiàn)在為止是3年，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響）4用already/yet/just/ever/never這些副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：Have you finished your homework yet?5若單純談?wù)撨^去的動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)；若談?wù)撘患寻l(fā)生的事情，不考慮它是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的，而主要考慮對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）【典例分析】（2012·江蘇高考）The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _.Ahas started BstartsCstarted Dwill start答案為C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意判斷“開始當(dāng)總統(tǒng)”是過去的事情，所以應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。（2012·江西高考）Look！Somebody _ the sofa.Well，it wasn't me.I didn't do it.Ais cleaning Bwas cleaningChas cleaned Dhad cleaned答案為C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)“Look！”一詞可判斷，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果是“有人把沙發(fā)清理干凈了”，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)三：一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1一般過去時(shí)通常與具體的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；即使沒有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，我們也可以作出明確的判斷。2過去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示在過去某時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生。時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)與一般過去時(shí)不同，一般過去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說話時(shí)刻而言，過去完成時(shí)則是與過去某一時(shí)刻而言的，即“過去的過去”。 如：When the police arrived，the thieves had run away.【典例分析】（2012·重慶高考） Kevin，you look worried.Anything wrong? Well，I _ a test and I'm waiting for the result.Awill take BtookChad taken Dtake答案為B項(xiàng)。由第二句中“I'm waiting for the result”可知，考試發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。句意：凱文，你看起來很焦慮，有什么事嗎？哦，我考了一次試，現(xiàn)在正在等結(jié)果。故選B項(xiàng)。（2012·江蘇高考）The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some European business partners.Awould meet Bis meetingCmeets Dhad met答案為D項(xiàng)。分析句意可知，經(jīng)理已從巴黎回來了，遇到一些歐洲的生意合作伙伴是回來之前的事情，所以應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)表示“過去之過去”。考點(diǎn)四：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)結(jié)束；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重動(dòng)作本身，不涉及后果，動(dòng)作可能仍在繼續(xù)。如：I have read the book.（已讀完）I have been reading the book.（仍在繼續(xù)）2現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如：Have you been meeting her lately？（經(jīng)常相見）Have you met her lately？（不重復(fù)發(fā)生）3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說明一個(gè)事實(shí)、一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言。如：Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.（顯然是在表?yè)P(yáng)瑪麗）Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.（只說明一個(gè)事實(shí)）【典例分析】（2012·浙江高考）Alvin，are you coming with us?I'd love to，but something unexpected _.Ahas come up Bwas coming upChad come up Dwould come up答案為A項(xiàng)。上文用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作“你會(huì)和我們一起來嗎”，答語(yǔ)為“我很想（和你們一起去），但意外的事情發(fā)生了”。 顯然應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“已經(jīng)發(fā)生”。（2012·全國(guó)高考）The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.Ahas told Bis tellingChas been telling Dwill have told答案為C項(xiàng)。由句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since 9 am可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則側(cè)重做一件事情的過程，意為“一直在”。句意：自從上午9點(diǎn)，經(jīng)理就一直告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃倪M(jìn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選C項(xiàng)?？键c(diǎn)五：時(shí)態(tài)的代替1在時(shí)間、條件和有些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中不使用將來時(shí)，需表示將來時(shí)則用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。如：I don't know when he will come back，but when he comes back I will let you know.2有些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示不久的將來，常見的有g(shù)o/come/leave/start/arrive/return/work/sleep/stay/take off等。如：I'm leaving for Jinan tomorrow morning.3某些動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的事，常見的有begin/come/go/leave/arrive/start/stop/return/open/close/take off等。如：The train leaves at 10：12.【典例分析】（2012·湖南高考）“The moment _ soon，”he thought to himself，waiting nervously.Acame Bhas comeCwas coming Dis coming答案為D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)soon判斷應(yīng)用將來時(shí)，表示 “來、去、動(dòng)身、起程”之類的動(dòng)詞經(jīng)常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示不久的將來，而且此處為直接引語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)表示“這一時(shí)刻很快就要到了”?？键c(diǎn)六：各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成為“be過去分詞”，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通過變化助動(dòng)詞be的形式來體現(xiàn)。如：A new free way from Beijing to Shanghai is being built now.The graduates from the university have been sent to work all over the country.The wounded was being operated by Doctor Wang this time yesterday.Supper had not been cooked when I got there last time.Professor Wang will be asked to attend the meeting.They asked the mayor what would be done to control the water pollution.【典例分析】（2012·湖南高考）Don't worry.The hard work that you do now _ later in life.Awill be repaid Bwas being repaidChas been repaid Dwas repaid答案為A項(xiàng)。句意：不要擔(dān)心。你現(xiàn)在所做的努力在今后的生活中會(huì)有回報(bào)的。根據(jù)later in life可知，此處要用將來時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)the hard work與repay之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。（2012·四川高考）They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house_.Ais being rebuilt Bhas been rebuiltCis rebuilt Dhas rebuilt答案為A項(xiàng)。房子和重建為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由“和父母住在一起”可知“房子正在重建”，所以應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：目前他們和父母住在一起，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟?。故選A項(xiàng)?？键c(diǎn)七：不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況只有及物動(dòng)詞或帶賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。應(yīng)注意下列情況不存在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1系動(dòng)詞become/turn/get/look/sound/smell/taste/feel等沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：My son has become a young fellow.This kind of cloth feels soft.2表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞have（有）/possess（擁有）/hold（容納）/suit（適合）/fit（適合）/equal（等于）/contain（包含）/cost（花費(fèi)）/last（持續(xù)）/mean（意味著）/belong to（屬于）/consist of（由組成）等沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：They have a new color TV set.The big hall holds 5000 people.3happen，take place，occur to，break out，come about等表示“發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”的單詞或短語(yǔ)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【典例分析】（2010·重慶高考）The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.Aremains Bis remainedCis remaining Dhas been remained答案為A項(xiàng)。remain為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“保留下來；保存下來”，可排除用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的B、D項(xiàng)；remain為靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可排除C項(xiàng)。故選A項(xiàng)。（2012·重慶高考）Food supplies in the flood­stricken area _.We must act immediately before there's none left.Ahave run out Bare running outChave been run out Dare being run out答案為B項(xiàng)。run out意為“（被）用完，耗盡”，該短語(yǔ)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；由后句中的before there's none left可知，現(xiàn)在還有食物，并沒有耗盡，故排除A項(xiàng)；run out的進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來。句意：洪災(zāi)區(qū)的食物供給快要沒有了，我們必須趕在食物耗盡之前行動(dòng)起來?？键c(diǎn)八：主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1動(dòng)詞act，build，burn，clean，cook，cut，drink，drive，dry，eat，fill，keep，lock，open，print，read，sell，shut，wash，wear，write等以物作主語(yǔ)，不表示動(dòng)作而表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)、性狀、特征時(shí)，需用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。其肯定式一般需后接狀語(yǔ)作進(jìn)一步的說明，其否定式一般用won't，wouldn't，can't 等。如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。2動(dòng)詞want/need/require和worth以物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面需用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：My watch needs repairing.The song is well worth listening to.3形容詞easy，hard，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，cheap，expensive，impossible，dangerous 等后接不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：English is not easy to learn.The chair is very comfortable to sit on.4不定式作定語(yǔ)，若與句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：I have a lot of things to do.若與句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)沒有主謂關(guān)系，還是用被動(dòng)式為好。如：I have nothing to be taken there，thank you.【典例分析】The roast duck which Mr.and Mrs.White prepared _ well.Asold Bhad been soldCwas sold Dwould sell答案為A項(xiàng)。該題中sell表示“賣得”，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，再根據(jù)prepared的時(shí)態(tài)判斷答案為A項(xiàng)。誤區(qū)警示1幾種基本時(shí)態(tài)易混點(diǎn)（2011·江蘇高考）I hear you _ in a pub.What's it like?Well，it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind.Aare workingBwill workCwere working Dwill be working【錯(cuò)混透析】A句意：我聽說你在酒吧里上班，這份工作怎么樣？咳，這是份辛苦活，我總感到累，不過我不介意。對(duì)話所用的現(xiàn)在時(shí)表明現(xiàn)在還在酒吧里上班，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)描述現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。故選A項(xiàng)?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】對(duì)于考查基本時(shí)態(tài)的題目，試題的設(shè)置多以考生普遍感到困惑的幾組時(shí)態(tài)來相互干擾。這就要求考生必須明確這些時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法以及它們之間的區(qū)別，然后結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或題干中其他部分提供的時(shí)間信息作出最佳選擇。2隱含時(shí)間的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（2012·四川高考）Goodbye，John.Come back again sometime.Sure._.AI did BI doCI shall DI will【錯(cuò)混透析】D第一句話是告別時(shí)的用語(yǔ)，并邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方抽時(shí)間再回來，該題雖然沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但顯然回來的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是將來才發(fā)生的，因此選用I will。該題易誤選C項(xiàng)，雖然will和shall都可表示將來，但是will含有“愿意”的意味?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】平時(shí)人們交流時(shí)，并不是每一句話都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而高考試題為了增加難度，考查時(shí)態(tài)的題目更是常常不出現(xiàn)明確的時(shí)間，有效信息越來越隱蔽。解答這類題目時(shí)，要仔細(xì)體會(huì)上下文或具體的語(yǔ)境，確定動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，從而確定用什么時(shí)態(tài)。3時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)綜合考查的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（2012·上海高考）Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little.Awill teach BteachCare taught Dwill be taught【錯(cuò)混透析】C句意：誠(chéng)實(shí)為上策嗎？我們小時(shí)候就是這樣被人教的。根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可判斷主句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，同時(shí)主語(yǔ)we與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞teach是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該題易忽視語(yǔ)態(tài)而誤選B項(xiàng)?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】高考對(duì)于語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查，往往是設(shè)置語(yǔ)境，把時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行考查。首先應(yīng)判斷句子主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系，是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)；然后判斷謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生的時(shí)間，最后作出選擇。1（2012·北京西城一模）Did you happen to hear the recent news?Yes，Alice _ the gold medal in the speech contest，which I find hard to believe.Awins BwonChad won Dwill win2（2012·南昌一模）Has your son come back from abroad for the winter vacation?Yes.But he stayed at home for only a week.Now he _ back to college.Awent Bhas goneCwas going Dwill go3I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.Ahave told；washesBwas told；washedChave been told；washesDhave been told；is washed4I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone _ it.Was it you?Ahas done Bhad doneCwould do Dwill do5（2012·杭州重點(diǎn)中學(xué)模擬）I _ glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.They make me look like a bookworm.Ahave worn Bhave been wearingChave been worn Dwas wearing6Why do you want to work for our company?This is the job that I _ for.Alooked Bam to lookChad looked Dhave been looking7Was Peter there when you arrived?Yes，but he_ soon afterwards.Ahad left BleftCwill leave Dleaves8The novel written by the author _ best，but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he _ in the literary world.Aselling；was playing Bsells；was to playCsold；had played Dsells；is playing9（2012·江蘇南通通州區(qū)檢測(cè)）Henry，who hurried home before dark so he could go for a run，_ to wear his safety belta mistake 75% of the US population make every day.Aforgets Bhave forgotChad forgotten Dwill forget10（2012·東北三校聯(lián)考）Look! How long _ like this?Three days! It's common here that rain _ without stopping these days of the year.Ahas it rained；is pouringBhas it been raining；poursCis it raining；is pouringDdoes it rain；pours11Does your Dad quit smoking，Jenny?Yes，but he _ for almost ten years.Asmoked Bwas smokingCsmokes Dhad smoked12（2012·河北冀州中學(xué)一模）Tom，can you answer my question?Er，I'm very sorry，Miss Evens.I _ about something else.Ahad thought Bwas thinkingCwill think Dhave thought13（2012·河南開封一模）It was only after some progress _ in the use and development of electricity that men began to realize the importance and possibilities of magnetism.Ahad been madeBwould have been madeChas been madeDwas made14You've failed to do what you _ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you.Awill expect Bwill be expectedCexpected Dwere expected15（2012·吉林重點(diǎn)中學(xué)一模）Thank goodness；you are here! What _ you?Traffic jam.Akeeps Bis keepingChad kept Dkept參考答案 六、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)命題調(diào)研·明晰考向真題試做1C考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。show意為“顯示，顯現(xiàn)”，此處祖母說的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：祖母過去常說“人生就像在雪中行走一樣，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉紩?huì)留下痕跡”。2C考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。前一個(gè)分句用了過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，是相對(duì)于另一過去情況而言的，所以后一個(gè)分句應(yīng)選一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。3C考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：到你看完這本書的時(shí)候，你的飯也就涼了。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)，故主句用一般將來時(shí)。4B考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：你聽說市場(chǎng)上發(fā)生的大火了嗎？聽說了。幸運(yùn)的是，沒有人受傷。根據(jù)句意可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去且hurt是及物動(dòng)詞，與主語(yǔ)存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)形式。5A考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。but連接兩個(gè)并列的分句，根據(jù)but后面的句子可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；句子的主語(yǔ)letters與put存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且letters為復(fù)數(shù)，故用were。創(chuàng)新模擬·預(yù)測(cè)演練1B根據(jù)句意可知，愛麗絲在演講比賽中獲得金牌應(yīng)該是過去的事情，所以應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)，答案為B項(xiàng)。2B根據(jù)句意可知，說話人的兒子寒假只在家里待了一周的時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回到大學(xué)去了，所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，答案為B項(xiàng)。3C根據(jù)句意判斷I與tell為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可排除A項(xiàng)；wash well意為“易洗”，wash不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且說明的是一般情況，所以答案為C項(xiàng)。4B句意：我剛要打算去修剪玫瑰叢，但是卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有人早就剪了。是你剪的嗎？由句意可知，do這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在cut之前，且cut發(fā)生在過去，所以do這個(gè)動(dòng)作表示“過去的過去”，故要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，只有B項(xiàng)正確。5B根據(jù)句中since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知，主句要用完成時(shí)，且動(dòng)詞wear “佩戴”和主語(yǔ)I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。另外，根據(jù)句意可知，說話人從小學(xué)就戴眼鏡，這個(gè)行為一直在持續(xù)，所以應(yīng)該用完成時(shí)的進(jìn)行時(shí)，答案為B項(xiàng)。6D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境推測(cè)這很可能是工作面試時(shí)的對(duì)話，根據(jù)對(duì)話的時(shí)態(tài)判斷應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示“到現(xiàn)在為止一直在做某事”。答語(yǔ)句意為“這是我一直在找的工作”。7B根據(jù)句意可知，皮特之后離開是過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)，答案為B項(xiàng)。8Bbut之前為一個(gè)并列的分句，所以應(yīng)選謂語(yǔ)形式，排除A項(xiàng)，sell best意為“最暢銷”；but后面的分句有具體的過去時(shí)間，可排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。答案為B項(xiàng)，第一個(gè)空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)說明現(xiàn)在的情況；第二個(gè)空用過去將來時(shí)表示過去人們沒有想到將會(huì)如此。9C根據(jù)句意可知，忘記戴安全帶是亨利駕車回家之前的事情，且定語(yǔ)從句用的是過去時(shí)，所以這里應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)，答案為C項(xiàng)。10B根據(jù)第一句中的Look！可知，雨還在下，且這里需要強(qiáng)調(diào)“像這樣雨已經(jīng)下了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？”，所以第一空應(yīng)該用完成時(shí)的進(jìn)行時(shí)；第二空所在的句子中的common提示，這里要表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的行為，所以應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案為B項(xiàng)。11A根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的Yes可知，說話人的父親已經(jīng)戒煙了，所以他吸煙的行為應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過去，用過去時(shí)，且smoke可以表示延續(xù)性或經(jīng)常性的行為，所以不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，答案為A項(xiàng)。12B湯姆在伊萬斯小姐問問題的時(shí)候正在思考別的事情，所以他無法回答這個(gè)問題。由此可知，這里應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，答案為B項(xiàng)。13A根據(jù)句意可知，“在電的使用和開發(fā)上取得進(jìn)步”發(fā)生在“意識(shí)到磁力學(xué)發(fā)展的重要性和可能性”之前，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)，答案為A項(xiàng)。14D根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系判斷you與expect為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示“你被期望”，排除A、C項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)時(shí)間推理，你沒有做的是“老師以前期望的”，而不是“將來期望的”，所以答案為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。15D根據(jù)句意可知，導(dǎo)致說話人晚到的原因是交通阻塞，且發(fā)生在過去，所以答案為D項(xiàng)。