2019高中英語 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Section Ⅱ Learning about Language教案（含解析）新人教選修9.doc

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Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Ⅰ.高頻單詞點擊 1．swoop vi.　　　 突降；猛撲 2．parcel n. 小包；包裹 3．peck vt. & vi. 啄食 4．cliff n. 懸崖；峭壁 5．expedition n．遠征；探險(隊)→expeditionary adj.遠征的；探險的 6．pulsory adj. 必須做的；必修的 7．reform n．改革；革新 Ⅱ.重點短語必記 1．far away from　　　　　　 遠離 2．next to 僅鄰著 3．be determined to do sth. 決定做某事 4．set out 出發(fā)；動身 5．so as to 為了(做) 6．owing to 由于 7．be recognized as 被認定為 Ⅲ.常用句型必備 1．Once_there，it shook itself and threw Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest. 2．There_seemed_to_be_nowhere_to_hide but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it. 3．He had not_only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration，but_also a real concern for sailors health. Ⅳ.單元語法聚焦 The Predicate(謂語動詞) [單詞點擊] 1．swoop vi. 猛撲(常與down連用)；突降 The bird swooped down to the lake. 這只鳥猛撲到湖上。 The children swooped down to the pile of presents. 孩子們向那堆禮物沖了過去。 　 　 (1)The aircraft________________(俯沖) over the fields in search of its target. (2)We watch the hawk________________(撲向) its prey. 答案：(1)swooped down　(2)swoop on 2．pulsory adj.必須做的；必修的；被強迫的，義務的 Is English a pulsory subject？英語是必修科目嗎？ Education is pulsory in Britain. 在英國實行義務教育。 pulsory adj.強制的optional adj.可任選的 pel vt. 強迫opt vt.選擇 Chinese is a pulsory subject on this course；art is optional. 這個課程里，漢語是必修科目，美術是選修科目。 　 　 Education is________for all children in many countries. A．pulsive　　　　　　　　 B．pulsory C．demanded D．claimed 解析：選B　pulsive強迫性的；情不自禁的；作“強迫的”時，指一般的外力所迫使；demanded被強烈要求的，強調有權利或需要堅持得到，有時表現(xiàn)出一種跋扈專橫；claimed合理要求的，強調有權或宣稱有權得到所需要的；pulsory指法律或規(guī)章的強制性，義務教育是法律規(guī)定的。因此B項正確。 [短語精析] 1．be determined to do“決定/心做某事”，為系表結構，著重于有決心的狀態(tài)，可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 He is determined to bee a teacher. 他決心當一名教師。 I am determined to do better than Mike. 我決心比邁克做得更好。 determine to do sth.　　　　　 [動作]決定做某事 determine that ... 決定…… He determined to set out early.他決定早點動身。 　 　 He started working hard at his lessons，________to get the first place. A．determine B．determined C．determining D．to determine 解析：選B　此處為分詞短語作狀語，表示狀態(tài)。 2．set out出發(fā)，動身 They set out on the last stage of their journey. 他們動身踏上最后一段行程。 set out to do sth.　　　　　 開始做某事 set about doing sth. 開始做某事 She sets out to break the world record. 她一心努力打破世界紀錄。 　 　 He________on a pleasant journey tomorrow morning. A．will set about B．will set out C．will set up D．will set down 解析：選B　set about開始做某事；set out出發(fā)，動身；set up搭配，建起；set down寫下，放下。B項符合句意。 3．so as to為了…… He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他早起床是為了趕上早班車。 so as to，in order to (1)兩者均為動詞不定式作目的狀語時的特殊結構。so as to不能位于句首；in order to既可位于句首，也可位于句中或句末。 (2)兩者均可擴展為結果狀語從句，即so that從句或in order that從句。同樣so that從句不能位于句首。 (3)注意：so as to(以便，為了)，為目的狀語；so...as to(如此……以至于……)，為結果狀語。 　 　 We do morning exercises so as to build our body→ ①____________________build our body，we do morning exercises. ②We do morning exercises____________________ we could build our body. ③We do morning exercises____________________we could build our body. 答案：①In order to?、趕o that　③in order that 4．owing to由于，因為 They could not cross the river owing to the flood. 由于洪水，他們不能過河。 Owing to the immediate danger of war，there will be an extraordinary meeting of Parliament tonight. 由于即將發(fā)生的戰(zhàn)爭危險，今晚議會將召開特別會議。 表示“因為”的常見短語還有：because of, due to, thanks to, as a result of, on account of 　 　 Because of his careless driving，we had a bad accident. →________________his careless driving，we had a bad accident. 答案：Owing to 5．be recognized as被認定為 Bell is recognized as the first person to invent the telephone.貝爾被認定為發(fā)明電話的第一人。 recognize是“認出”以前know“認識”的人或物。 recognize sb./ones voice/handwriting 　　　　　　　　 認出某人/某人的聲音/字跡 recognize ones mistake　 承認某人的錯誤 recognize sb.as/to be... 承認某人是…… I have known him for ten years.But I didnt recognize him just now because he had changed so much. 我認識他十年了。但他變化太大了，我剛才沒有認出來。 　 　 We havent seen for a long time，and I didnt________you at the first sight. A．know　　　　　　　　 B．recognize C．hear D．listen 解析：選B　recognize為“認出”；know為“認識”。故B項符合此處句意。 [句型歸納] 1．Once_there，it shook itself and threw Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest. 一旦到了那兒，它就搖動全身并把塞繆爾扔向了約是它窩巢的那個方向。 once there是狀語從句once it was there的省略形式。在狀語從句中， 經常見到這種省略現(xiàn)象。若(時間、條件、地點、讓步、方式或比較等)狀語從句能夠滿足以下兩個條件，從句就可以使用省略形式： (1)恰當?shù)膹膶龠B詞。常用的有when，where，if，once，while，as，as if，though，whenever，than等； (2)從句主語與主句主語指的是相同的人或物，或者從句的主語是it，且從句謂語有be動詞。這時可以省略從句的主語和be動詞。 Ill go and pick you up if (it is) necessary. 如有必要，我開車去接你。 She picked up some English when (she was) in Washington.在華盛頓時，他學了些英語。 The conference went smoothly though (it was) not organized properly.盡管會議組織得不好，卻很順利。 When (she was) asked about her families，she began to weep.當問到她的家庭時，她開始抽泣。 　 　 When first________to the market，these products enjoyed great success. A．introducing B．introduced C．introduce D．being introduced 解析：選B　主句的主語與從句的主語都是these products，所以從句可用省略形式。主語與introduce之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，所以應用過去分詞。 2．There_seemed_to_be_nowhere_to_hide but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it. 似乎是沒有地方可以藏身，但是后來他注意到在他的左邊有一些水草并且他迅速地藏在了水草下面。 There seems/appears to be...看起來好像有…… There seems to be something wrong with it. 它好像有點兒毛病。 there be結構中可以加上一些詞表示特殊的意義，類似的還有： There must be...　　　　 一定有 There may be... 可能有 There happens to be... 碰巧有 There used to be... 過去常有 There is going to be... 將要有 There will be... 將會有 There is said/reported(/...)to be... 據(jù)說/報道(……)有…… What a pity my new puter doesnt work.There must be something wrong with it. 很遺憾，我的新電腦不好用了。它一定是壞了。 There happens to be a mistake.碰巧有一個錯誤。 there be句型中容易出錯的地方： (1)不能用has或have代替there be句型中的be。 (2)there being結構在句中作狀語，相當于一個狀語從句，因此主句中就不再用任何連詞。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. ＝There was no bus, so we had to walk home. 沒有公交車了，因此我們只好步行回家。 　 　 (1)There has a baby over there. ________________________________________________________________________ (2)There being no further business，so the chairman closed the meeting. ________________________________________________________________________ (3)There is report to be a number of the wounded on both sides. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(1)has改為is　(2)去掉so　(3)report改為reported 3．He had not_only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration，but_also a real concern for sailors health.他不但有杰出的航海和探險本領，而且真正關心水手的健康。 not only...but also“不但……而且……”，連接并列主語時，謂語動詞要和臨近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致；連接謂語動詞時，not前不可有助動詞；連接分句時，若not only位于句首，not only分句要用倒裝語序。 Not only you but also I am responsible for it. 不僅你而且我也有責任。 Not only was everything he had taken away from him，but also his citizenship.不僅他所有的一切都被帶走了，而且他的國籍也被沒收了。 　 　 ________ to help us, but he also wanted to lend us some money. A．Not only promised he B．Not only did he promise C．Not only he promised D．Not only he did promise 解析：選B　not only放在句子開頭連接分句時，not only所在的分句需要用部分倒裝。 謂 語 動 詞 謂語表述主語的行為動作或所處的狀態(tài)。謂語的中心詞是限定動詞，有人稱、數(shù)的變化。 1．及物動詞、不及物動詞和連系動詞 (1)需要跟賓語的動詞為及物動詞。及物動詞后面可以跟單賓語、雙賓語或者復合賓語(賓語＋賓語補足語)。 ①單賓語 He made the shortest speech Ive ever heard. 他做了我所聽過的最短的演講。 ②雙賓語 Mr.Schell wrote New York Times a letter the other day. 幾天前Schell 先生給《紐約時報》寫了一封信。 ③賓語＋賓語補足語(常用于使役動詞、感官動詞、介詞with，without，like以及其他部分動詞后面。) Have you found English difficult to speak? 你發(fā)現(xiàn)英語難說嗎？ The big pine tree stood there like an umbrella covering the house. 聳立在那邊的那棵大松樹像一把雨傘遮住了房子。 (2)不需要跟賓語的動詞是不及物動詞。 Donald was lying on the bed.Donald躺在床上。 All the leaves have fallen and winter is ing. 所有的樹葉都落了，冬天就要到來了。 ①幾個不及物動詞后加同源名詞時變成了及物動詞 They are living a peaceful life.他們過著平靜的生活。 He died a heroic death.他死得很英勇。 The girl laughed a merry laugh.女孩愉快地笑了。 He sighed a deep sigh.他深嘆了一口氣。 ②許多動詞往往既是不及物動詞又是及物動詞 (3)連系動詞雖然本身具有一定意思，但不能獨立作謂語，需要帶有表語才能構成謂語。 They have remained loyal to the government. 他們一直忠誠于政府。 His body was the color of bronze. 他的身體呈青銅色。 2．短語動詞 (1)動詞＋副詞 Please put on your coat.請穿上大衣。 (2)動詞＋介詞 The other day I came across a foreigner in the countryside.幾天前我在鄉(xiāng)下碰見了一個外國人。 (3)動詞＋副詞＋介詞 Please keep up with others.請跟上其他人。 3．情態(tài)動詞＋實義動詞 You should not have done so.你不該那樣做。 4．主謂一致 英語句子中的主語和謂語應在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。這被稱作主謂一致。它主要遵循三個原則：意義一致原則、語法一致原則和鄰近原則。這三個原則常常發(fā)生矛盾，但當發(fā)生沖突時，意義一致原則為優(yōu)先考慮的原則。 (1)語法一致原則 主語和謂語通常是從語法形式上取得一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采取單數(shù)形式；主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采取復數(shù)形式。 Mr.Black is a wellknown scientist on AIDS. 布萊克先生是著名的艾滋病科學家。 These books are intended for children under nine years old.這些書是專門為九歲以下的兒童設計的。 (2)意義一致原則 所謂意義一致原則是指謂語動詞的變化是以主語所表達的單、復數(shù)概念而定。 Three months has passed since you left.(three months被看作一個時間整體，表示單數(shù)概念。)你已離開三個月了。 The old are taken very good care of in our city.(the old指所有的老年人，指一類人，表示復數(shù)概念。)在我們城市老年人被照顧得很好。 (3)鄰近一致原則 鄰近一致原則是指謂語動詞的變化是以靠近謂語動詞的主語部分而定。 Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.(根據(jù)靠近謂語的主語he而定。)他父母和他本人都不是銀行職員。 Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident.(根據(jù)靠近謂語的主語his parents而定。)不是杰克而是他父母應為這個家庭事故受到責備。 1．(天津高考)My parents always ________ great importance to my getting a good education. A．have B．attach C．accept D．pay 解析：選B　考查固定搭配。句意：我父母一直認為我接受良好的教育非常重要。attach importance/value to是一個固定搭配，表示“認為……很重要/很有價值”。 2．(浙江高考)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to ________ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. A．share B．realize C．ignore D．cause 解析：選C　考查動詞辨析。句意：上周，我的頭被網(wǎng)球擊到，但是我盡力忽視疼痛，相信疼痛遲早會消失的。ignore“忽視，無視”。 3．(天津高考)The two countries are going to meet to ________ some barriers to trade between them. A．make up B．use up C．turn down D．break down 解析：選D　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這兩個國家即將會晤以消除他們之間的一些貿易障礙。由題干中的some barriers可知，這里指“消除”，故選break down。A項“組成；編造”；B項“用盡”；C項“拒絕”。 4．(福建高考)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can ________ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself. A．catch sight of B．get hold of C．take charge of D．make mention of 解析：選B　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：作為一名草根歌手，她讀了她能找到的一切與音樂有關的東西，還利用一切機會提高自己。catch sight of“看見”；get hold of“找到，得到，抓住”；take charge of“負責”；make mention of“提到”。根據(jù)句意可知是找到 (get hold of)一切與音樂有關的東西。 5．(福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A．were invited B．was invited C．have been invited D．has been invited 解析：選B　考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：那位著名的音樂家和他的學生被邀請在2012年臺北花博會的開幕式上演出。首先，結合句意可知應用一般過去時描述過去的行為；其次，as well as連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞應和前面的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，本句謂語應與the famous musician一致，用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故選B。 6．(江蘇高考)Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development. A．is B．are C．was D．were 解析：選A　考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。從題干可以看出本題的主語是students inner motivation，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)題中的generally可知應用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故選A。 Ⅰ.單項填空 1．(全國卷Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who ________ evening dress. A．wear B．wears C．has worn D．have worn 解析：選B　考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。who引導的定語從句所修飾的先行詞前有the only限制，所以從句用單數(shù)謂語動詞，再結合本句語意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。 2．(重慶高考)The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building ________ now. A．remains B．is remained C．is remaining D．has been remained 解析：選A　考查動詞。remain是不及物動詞，故沒有被動語態(tài)，排除B、D兩項，表示“存在”意義的狀態(tài)性動詞一般不用于進行時，所以此處用一般現(xiàn)在時。 3．(陜西高考)Ralph W．Emerson would always ________ new ideas that occurred to him. A．set off B．set about C．set up D．set down 解析：選D　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：愛默生經常寫下他想到的那些新主意。根據(jù)句意，表示“寫下，記下”，要用set down。set off“動身”，set about“開始做某事”，set up“建立”，均不符合句子的語境。故答案為D。 4．(江蘇高考)—Dad, I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. —I see.Ill go right away and ________. A．pay him back B．pay him off C．put him away D．put him off 解析：選B　考查動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，Oliver 不能勝任這份工作，因此父親決定付清工錢打發(fā)他走，pay sb.off表示“付清工資解雇某人”。pay sb.back“報復”；put sb.away“把某人送進監(jiān)獄或精神病院”；put sb.off“使某人分心”。 5．I called Hannah many times yesterday evening，but I couldnt get through.Her brother________on the phone all the time! A．was talking B．has been talking C．has talked D．talked 解析：選A　本題給出的時態(tài)依據(jù)應該是yesterday evening，因此待填的時態(tài)就應考慮過去時態(tài)，另外，此處表示talk的動作是持續(xù)不斷的，所以應用過去進行時。 6．Young couples in China rushed to register their marriage on Jan 3rd, 2014, because the pronunciation of the number “201413” in Chinese ________ “l(fā)ove you all my life”． A．stands out B．stands for C．looks out D．looks for 解析：選B　句意：年輕男女在2014年1月3日涌入婚姻登記處，因為數(shù)字201413的發(fā)音在漢語中代表“愛你一世一生”。stand out“突出；顯眼”；stand for“代表”；look out“往外看；注意”；look for“尋找”。 7．When he realized the police had spotted him，the man ________the exit as quickly as possible. A．made off B．made for C．made out D．made up 解析：選B　句意：當他意識到警察認出他時，他以最快的速度向出口走去。從the exit來判斷，是要表達向出口方向移動，那么make for(走向)最為合適。make off“逃走”，但不能直接接the exit；make out“假裝，認出”；make up“補充，虛構”。 8．The water________cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A．was felt B．felt C．is felt D．feels 解析：選B　feel在此處是系動詞，與其后的cool構成系表結構，不能用于被動句。由從句可知應用過去時。 9．—________Ted Greens new car? —No，when did you see it? —He________me a ride to the store yesterday. A．Have you seen；gave B．Do you see；gave C．Will you see；has given D．Did you see；has given 解析：選A　“你看到過Ted Green的新車嗎？”看似與現(xiàn)在無關，其實不然，它所隱含的意思是：“我現(xiàn)在知道新車的樣子?！惫蔬xA。 10．Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs. A．observe B．possess C．perform D．support 解析：選A　句意：盡管已經在國外居住了很多年了，但是許多中國人仍然遵循著中國傳統(tǒng)習俗。observe“遵循；遵守；觀察；慶?！?；possess“擁有”；perform“履行；表演；表現(xiàn)”；support“支持；支撐”。 Ⅱ.完形填空 The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world.__1__springs and streams sometimes means control，particularly in the __2__areas like the desert.The control is possible even without possession of large areas of __3__land.In the early days of the American West，gun fights were not __4__for the water resources.And laws had to be __5__to protect the water rights of the __6__and the use of the water resources accordingly. __7__is known to us all，there is not __8__water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes.Deciding on the __9__of water that will be used in any particular period __10__careful planning，so that people can manage and use water more __11__.Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water __12__the water supply forecast. The __13__water supply forecast is based more on the water from the __14__than from the below.Interest is __15__in the ways to increase rainfall by manmade methods，and to get water from the winter snow on mountain __16__.With special equipment，some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be __17__，and with the help of a repeater station，they send the __18__data to the base station.The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by __19__a button.In the near future，the forecast and use of water __20__probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains，not of water underground. 1．A.Using B．Holding C．Owning D．Finding 解析：選C　從后文可以看出：因為地球上的水資源不夠充分，所以凡是有泉水的地方就意味著控制。 2．A.dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文的desert可以推出是在干旱地區(qū)。 3．A.fine B．beautiful C．rich D．farming 解析：選C　與上文提到的desert一詞比較，可以確定這里應該選rich，表示富饒的土地。 4．A.unlawful B．unacceptable C．unpopular D．unmon 解析：選D　句子意思是：早期美國西部的人們?yōu)榱藸帄Z水源，時常會發(fā)生槍戰(zhàn)。 5．A.made B．designed C．signed D．written 解析：選A　這里指制定法律，law與make一詞搭配。 6．A.winners B．settlers C．fighters D．supporters 解析：選B　根據(jù)上下文的語境，這里指制訂法律保護移民者用水的權利以及按照規(guī)定使用水資源。 7．A.That B．It C．What D．As 解析：選D　as引導了一個定語從句，表示“正如，正像”。根據(jù)題意，只有D項符合語境。 8．A.plentiful B．enough C．any D．much 解析：選B　常識告訴我們，世界上水資源缺乏，不足以供人們隨便使用。plentiful意思是“綽綽有余”，所以只有enough適合題意。 9．A.type B．quality C．amount D．level 解析：選C　這里指水量，故選C。 10．A.requests B．requires C．means D．suggests 解析：選B　此處指用水量需要仔細計劃。故選B項。require“需要”。 11．A.effectively B．easily C．conveniently D．actively 解析：選A　從上文我們可以看出，因為水源不足，所以要計劃特殊時期的用水量，為的是更加有效地利用水。effectively意思是“有效的”。 12．A.leading to B．due to C．owing to D．according to 解析：選D　這里指農民需要根據(jù)供水預報來改變他們的用水量。according to根據(jù)。 13．A.correct B．further C．average D．early 解析：選A　這里指正確的供水預報。correct正確的。 14．A.clouds B．sky C．air D．above 解析：選D　the above指山上的積雪，the blow指地下水；從后文的“...depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains”也可以看出，應該選D項。 15．A.raising B．rising C．building D．lasting 解析：選B　指人們對人工增加降雨量的興趣在不斷增加。rise是不及物動詞，而raise是及物動詞。 16．A.rocks B．tips C．tops D．trees 解析：選C　可根據(jù)常識冬天雪會堆積在山頂，得出答案C；top頂部；tip意思是“尖，要點”。 17．A.taken care of B．made use of C．piled up D．saved up 解析：選B　這里指科學家正在研究利用山上的積雪的方法。make use of利用。 18．A.picked B．produced C．used D．gathered 解析：選D　這里指人們?yōu)榱死蒙缴系姆e雪，需要不斷地收集積累數(shù)據(jù)。 19．A.touching B．knocking C．pressing D．turning 解析：選C　press a button意思是“按鍵”，指操作員一按按鈕就可以獲得數(shù)據(jù)。 20．A.might B．can C．will D．should 解析：選C　由時間狀語“In the near future”可得出這里要用一般將來時。