高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測(cè)試 第一篇 第二章 語法填空 第二節(jié) 專題二 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件

第二章語法填空第二章語法填空第二節(jié)有提示詞的解題技巧第二節(jié)有提示詞的解題技巧專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)（續(xù)上）（續(xù)上）非謂語動(dòng)詞分為不定式、非謂語動(dòng)詞分為不定式、Ving形式和形式和Ved形式三形式三種，在句子中可充當(dāng)除謂語外的其他成分。語法填空種，在句子中可充當(dāng)除謂語外的其他成分。語法填空?？疾槠湓诰渥又谐洚?dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定?？疾槠湓诰渥又谐洚?dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語的用法語和狀語的用法。1作主語。作主語。(1)不定式作主語常表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)聿欢ㄊ阶髦髡Z常表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作；的動(dòng)作；Ving形式則表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的形式則表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為。行為。(2)不定式作真正的主語常用的幾種情況：在不定式作真正的主語常用的幾種情況：在it is necessary/important/.(for sb.)to do sth.句型中；句型中；it is kind/foolish/.(of sb.)to do sth.句型中；在句型中；在it takes sb.time to do sth.句型中句型中。二、難點(diǎn)提示二、難點(diǎn)提示2作賓語。作賓語。(1)只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有want，wait，offer，long，fail，hope，expect，ask，decide，determine，manage，agree，afford，arrange，promise，pretend等。等。(2)只接只接Ving形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞及詞組有形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞及詞組有mind，miss，enjoy，excuse，prevent，practice，suggest，keep(on)，avoid，admit，appreciate，risk，resist，finish，forbid，imagine，consider，deny，stand，propose等。等。(3)接不定式和接接不定式和接Ving形式作賓語表示不同意思的形式作賓語表示不同意思的動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞有remember，forget，regret，try，mean，stop。3作賓語補(bǔ)足語。作賓語補(bǔ)足語。(1)一般來說，不定式表示主動(dòng)、將來的動(dòng)作；一般來說，不定式表示主動(dòng)、將來的動(dòng)作；Ving形式表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；形式表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；Ved形式表形式表示被動(dòng)、已完成的動(dòng)作。示被動(dòng)、已完成的動(dòng)作。(2)在在see，hear，notice，observe等感官動(dòng)詞和等感官動(dòng)詞和have，make等使役動(dòng)詞后，用等使役動(dòng)詞后，用Ving形式作賓語補(bǔ)足形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用不定式語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用不定式(往往省略往往省略to)表示動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，動(dòng)作的全過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束；用作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，動(dòng)作的全過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束；用Ved形式表形式表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。例如：例如：I saw him go upstairs.(看見動(dòng)作全過程看見動(dòng)作全過程)I saw him going upstairs.(看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)I saw him carried to the ambulance.(看見一個(gè)被看見一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生)4作定語。作定語。Ving形式作定語表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；形式作定語表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；Ved形式作形式作定語表示被動(dòng)或完成；不定式作定語常表示將來的動(dòng)定語表示被動(dòng)或完成；不定式作定語常表示將來的動(dòng)作。作。例如：例如：The workers building the bridge came from all over the country.The novels written by Moyan are popular，attracting more and more readers.The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.5作狀語。作狀語。(1)不定式作狀語通常表示目的或結(jié)果，或者在不定式作狀語通常表示目的或結(jié)果，或者在表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞表語后作原因狀語，表示引起表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞表語后作原因狀語，表示引起這種情緒變化的原因。這種情緒變化的原因。例如：例如：Im sorry not to have come on Tuesday. (2)Ving形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是主句的形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是主句的主語；主語；Ved形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯賓語是主句的主形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯賓語是主句的主語。語。例如：例如：Using the book，I find it useful.Used for a long time，the book looks old.技巧一、如果句中有謂語技巧一、如果句中有謂語，則用非謂語動(dòng)詞則用非謂語動(dòng)詞如果句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，則如果句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，則所給動(dòng)詞要用非謂語形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞，需要確定用動(dòng)所給動(dòng)詞要用非謂語形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞，需要確定用動(dòng)詞不定式、詞不定式、Ving形式還是形式還是Ved形式。確定的方法有：形式。確定的方法有：1作主語或賓語，通常用是作主語或賓語，通常用是Ving形式表示習(xí)慣或形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。例例 1 A s a c h i l d ， h e w a s e n t h u s i a s t i c about_(design)complicated toys.三、解題技巧三、解題技巧 作介詞作介詞about的賓語的賓語，只能用動(dòng)名詞只能用動(dòng)名詞designing。解析：解析：答案：答案：designing2作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語或形容詞后的狀語，一作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語或形容詞后的狀語，一般用動(dòng)詞不定式。般用動(dòng)詞不定式。例例2 So_(do)better in reading comprehension，we should learn the knowledge of writing，study how questions are designed and the relationship between questions and the reading materials. 此處此處do在句子開頭作目的狀語在句子開頭作目的狀語，且相對(duì)句且相對(duì)句子的主語來說是主動(dòng)的子的主語來說是主動(dòng)的，因此填不定式因此填不定式to do。解析：解析：答案：答案：to do例例 3 S h e w i s h e d t h a t h e w a s a s easy_(please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. 在形容詞后作狀語在形容詞后作狀語，只能用動(dòng)詞不定式只能用動(dòng)詞不定式，且用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義且用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，故填故填to please。解析：解析：答案：答案：to please3分詞作表語時(shí)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：分詞作表語時(shí)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：sth.is Ving.sb.is Ved.例例4The story was _(touch) and we were greatly _(touch) by it. 前一空的主語是前一空的主語是story，故填故填touching；后一空主語是后一空主語是we，故填故填touched。解析：解析：答案：答案：touching，touched4分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，需根據(jù)賓語和分詞的關(guān)系確定分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，需根據(jù)賓語和分詞的關(guān)系確定分詞形式。賓語是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用分詞形式。賓語是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用Ving形式；形式；賓語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用賓語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用Ved形式。形式。例例5 I noticed a man_(sit)at the front. 句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞noticed，且且sit前沒有并列前沒有并列連詞連詞，因此因此sit是非謂語動(dòng)詞；由固定句式是非謂語動(dòng)詞；由固定句式notice sb.doing/do sth.(注意到某人在做注意到某人在做/做了某事做了某事)可知填可知填sitting或或sit，但根據(jù)文中提供的情境但根據(jù)文中提供的情境，不難推出作者不難推出作者“注意到注意到”時(shí)時(shí)，那個(gè)人是那個(gè)人是“正坐在正坐在”作者前面的作者前面的，故填故填sitting。解析：解析：答案：答案： sitting例例6 I heard the song _(sing)many times. 賓語賓語song是分詞的承受者是分詞的承受者，用過去分用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)。填入詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)。填入sung。解析：解析：答案：答案： sung5分詞作狀語時(shí)，根據(jù)分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系確分詞作狀語時(shí)，根據(jù)分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系確定分詞形式。主語若是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用定分詞形式。主語若是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用Ving形形式；主語若是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用式；主語若是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，用Ved形式。形式。例例7 _(follow)by many fans，the singer walked out of the hall. 句子的主語句子的主語singer是是follow的承受者的承受者，用過去分詞用過去分詞，填入填入Followed。解析：解析：答案：答案： Followed例例8 _(follow)the famous singer，the crazy fans walked out of the hall. 句子主語句子主語the crazy fans是分詞動(dòng)作是分詞動(dòng)作follow的執(zhí)行者的執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，填入，填入Following。解析：解析：答案：答案： Following技巧二、有時(shí)給出的動(dòng)詞既不是謂語形式也不是技巧二、有時(shí)給出的動(dòng)詞既不是謂語形式也不是非謂語形式非謂語形式，這時(shí)需要進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換這時(shí)需要進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換例例 But Jane knew from past experience that her_(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 提示詞提示詞choose是動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞，但在賓語從句中但在賓語從句中作主語作主語，且在形容詞性物主代詞后，故用名詞，且在形容詞性物主代詞后，故用名詞choice。解析：解析：答案：答案： choice(一一)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1For example, the proverb, “Plucking up a crop_(help) it grow”， is based on the following story.2While she was getting me _(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.3We must also consider the reaction of the person_(receive) the gift.u即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練to helpsettledreceiving4With the problem_(solve), I felt proud of my achievement.5I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_(complete) the rest.6There, _(place) neatly beside the empty dish, were two nickels and five penniesher tip! 7_(compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15，000, or a rise of 13%.solvedto completeplacedCompared 8Storms swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday，_(destroy) homes and other buildings.9 W e m u s t p r a c t i s e s p e a k i n g and_(write) the language whenever we can.1 0 B u t i t i s n o t e n o u g h only_(memorize) rules from a grammar book.destroyingwritingto memorize(二二)閱讀下列短文，用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填閱讀下列短文，用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?？?。When a baby is in danger，its mother will be crazy and worried.This is something anyone can relate to，even though we are talking about a mother elephant 1._(separate)from her child.A video 2._(record) the reunion between the elephant and her 8monthold baby in Kenya was one of the most impressive scenes. The baby fell inside a manmade hole and was unable to climb out，separatedrecording according to the video 3._(release) by the Amboseli Trust for Elephants.Despite the best efforts 4._(make)by her desperate mother，the baby seemed helpless until a team of workers rushed 5._(help)They had to drive the overprotective mother away first，so that they could get close enough 6._(rescue)the baby with ropes and a vehicle.releasedmadeto helpto rescue Luckily，the workers managed 7._(pull)the baby to safety.What followed was a 8._(touch)scene.As soon as the baby was freed，it ran away across the plain.In the distance，the cries of her mother could be heard as she came 9._(run)from the opposite direction.The two were reunited，10._(hug) each other with their trunks.to pulltouchingrunninghugging