2019-2020年高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題1學(xué)案 外研版選修6.doc
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2019-2020年高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題1學(xué)案 外研版選修6 一、語法一致原則 主語單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,即主語是單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語是復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 兩名學(xué)生在辦公室等你。 二、意義一致原則 謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況 (1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那個工人兼作家來自武漢。 (2)“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。 (3)one/every one/each/either/the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語。 Each of the students has a book.每個學(xué)生都有一本書。 (4)由every,any,some,no和one,thing,body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語。 Is everybody here today?今天每個人都在這兒嗎? (5)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們看起來確實難。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個好習(xí)慣。 Whatever was left was taken away.無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。 注意:what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式,若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What they need are books.他們需要的是書。 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 (1)由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黃油都賣完了。 (2)people,police,cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。 (3)一些常用做復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如goods,stairs,arms等作主語。 The goods are made in China.這些貨物都是中國制造的。 (4)由山脈、群島、瀑布等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。 (5)a number of/quantities of/a group of名詞作主語。 A number of other plants were found in America. 在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的其他植物。 謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定 (1)集體名詞class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主語,強調(diào)整體用單數(shù),指個體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中國人口很多,其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。 (2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時,謂語形式要根據(jù)其具體含義而定,這類詞有:means,works,pains,deer,fish,sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem,but none is effective.每種方法都試過,但沒有一個有效。 There are various means of municating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。 (3)“kind,sort,pair,type名詞”作主語,以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 The kind of paper is made of straw.這種紙是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out.一些種類的動物要滅絕了。 (4)all,none,some,any等不定代詞作主語,根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All is going on very well.一切順利。 All are present besides the professor.包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在。 (5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語,謂語動詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 A lot of students are ing to the meeting. 有很多學(xué)生要來開會。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 準(zhǔn)備這次會議需要做大量的工作。 三、就近一致原則 1由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不適合這份工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不適合這份工作嗎? 注意:“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名詞”置于主語后,謂語動詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Henry,rather than Jane and John,is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由亨利而不是由簡和約翰來承擔(dān)。 2由there,here引起的主語不止一個時,謂語通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。 Are there three books and one pen on your desk? 你的書桌上有三本書和一支鋼筆嗎? 1(xx年福建卷)Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water_. Ahave polluted Bis being polluted Chas been polluted Dhave been polluted 【解析】句意為:這湖水怎么這么難聞?因為大量的水已經(jīng)被污染了。本題考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致問題。water與pollute為被動關(guān)系,故排除A項;B表“正被污染”,故排除;large quantities of后加名詞,謂語動詞應(yīng)與quantities保持一致,故排除C項。 【答案】D 2(xx年陜西卷)Dr Smith,together with his wife and daughters,_visit Beijing this summer. Ais going to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to 【解析】當(dāng)主語后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語保持一致,故可排除B、D兩項;根據(jù)時間狀語this summer可知應(yīng)用一般將來時態(tài)。 【答案】A 3(xx年四川卷)The teacher together with the students_discussing Reading Skills that_newly published in America. Aare;were Bis;were Care;was Dis;was 【解析】 句意為:老師和同學(xué)們在討論美國剛出版的閱讀技巧一書。不難看出主句的主語是the teacher,together with the students是附加部分,而Reading Skills 是一個書名也應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 【答案】D 4(xx年湖南卷)Either you or one of your students_to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. Aare Bis Chave Dbe 【解析】句意為:要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。該題考查的是主謂一致,按照就近一致原則,one of your students的中心詞為one,謂語動詞該用單數(shù),在本句中is to do表示應(yīng)該(should)。 【答案】B 5(xx年江西卷)At present,one of the arguments in favor of the new airport_that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. Ais Bare Cwill be Dwas 【解析】句意為:目前,人們贊成建一座新機場的理由之一是它將給這個地區(qū)帶來很多的就業(yè)機會。本題考查動詞時態(tài),At presentNow是解題的關(guān)鍵。 【答案】A 6(xx年陜西卷)Did you go to the show last night? Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area_invited. Awere Bhave been Chas been Dwas 【解析】主語是every boy and girl,表示單數(shù)概念,故謂語動詞用單數(shù),且詢問昨晚的情況,有明確的過去時間,所以應(yīng)選擇was。 【答案】D 7(xx年浙江卷)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where_yet. Ahasnt been decided Bhavent decided Cisnt being decided Darent decided 【解析】本題考查主謂一致。when and where引導(dǎo)的從句或跟不定式連用時謂語動詞用單數(shù),再根據(jù)本題意思應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。 【答案】A 8(xx年湖南卷)We live day by day,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks_so small that a day is unimportant. Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been 【解析】此題考查主謂一致的基本用法。主語是time,后面of days and weeks是它的定語,所以謂語用單數(shù)。 【答案】A 9(xx年江西卷)A survey of the opinions of experts_that three hours of outdoor exercise a week_good for ones health. Ashow;are Bshows;is Cshow;is Dshows;are 【解析】本題考查主謂一致。第一空的主語是a survey,故用單數(shù)shows;第二空是不可數(shù)名詞exercise作主語,故用is。 【答案】B 10(xx年陜西卷)As a result of the serious flood,twothirds of the buildings in the area_. Aneed repairing Bneeds to repair Cneeds repairing Dneed to repair 【解析】此題考查主謂一致及“need”的特殊用法。twothirds of the buildings作主語,謂語動詞應(yīng)與the buildings保持一致,故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。need 此處意為“需要”,用法應(yīng)是need to be done/need doing。 【答案】A 1(xx屆東北三校聯(lián)考)Hi,what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube_asked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning. Ais Bwere Care Dwas 【解析】考查主謂一致。every.and every.結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,由此可以排除B、C兩項;根據(jù)前面的are to visit Water Cube的時態(tài)可知,A項正確。 【答案】A 2(xx屆錦州模擬)John as well as the other children who_no parents_good care of in the center. Ahave;is being taken Bhave;has taken Chas;is taken Dhas;have been taken 【解析】考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài),句意為:約翰同其他那些沒有父母的孩子一起在這個中心受到很好的照顧。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾other children所以謂語動詞應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù);名詞1as well as/besides/with/together with ect.名詞2時,謂語動詞要根據(jù)就遠原則由名詞1決定,所以第二空謂語動詞為單數(shù),約翰正在受到照顧,因此用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動形式。 【答案】A 3(xx屆東城檢測)The number of people,who have access to their own cars,_sharply in the past decade. Arose Bis rising Chave risen Dhas risen 【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。本句的主語是the number,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù);in the past decade表示時間從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,即“十年來”,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。 【答案】D 4(xx屆江西五校聯(lián)考)Professor Wang,together with his colleagues,_working on the project day and night to _the deadline. Aare;meet Bis;meet Care;satisfy Dis;satisfy 【解析】考查主謂一致和詞語搭配。當(dāng)主語后跟有together with,as well as等引導(dǎo)的詞組時,謂語動詞應(yīng)和主語保持一致,此處主語是Professor Wang,故謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式;meet the deadline表示“在截止日期前完成”。 【答案】B 5(xx屆泰安模擬)Large quantities of information,as well as some timely help_since the organization was built. Ahas offered Bhad been offered Chave been offered Dis offered 【解析】由as well as連接的復(fù)合主語并不影響謂語動詞的數(shù),“l(fā)arge quantites of名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。分析題目可知動作雖然發(fā)生在過去,但對現(xiàn)在還有影響,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 【答案】C 6(xx年鄭州一模)Buying clothes_a hard job because the clothes a person likes_not very often fit him or her. Aare;do Bis;does Care;does Dis;do 【解析】考查主謂一致。主句主語是動名詞短語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式is;從句的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞clothes,因此用do。 【答案】D 7(xx年江蘇南通質(zhì)檢)On the contrary,I think it is Truman,_you,_ to blame. Amore than;are Bless than;who are Crather than;that is Drather than;is 【解析】句意是:相反,我認(rèn)為是Truman而不是你該受到責(zé)備。題干包含一個強調(diào)句式,強調(diào)的是賓語從句的主語,所以謂語動詞要與Truman一致。此句表示選擇關(guān)系,所以要用rather than。 【答案】C 8(xx年合肥市高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Every student as well as teachers who_to visit the museum_asked to be at the school gate on time. Ais;is Bare;are Cis;are Dare;is 【解析】考查主謂一致。who,which,that作定語從句的主語時,其謂語的數(shù)取決于先行詞,所以第一空用復(fù)數(shù)are;主語后有as well as等時,謂語應(yīng)同其前面的主語保持一致,所以第二空用單數(shù)。 【答案】D 9(xx年湖南高三十二校聯(lián)考)An exhibiton of paintings_at the museum next week. Aare to be held Bare holding Cis holding Dis to be held 【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。hold的賓語是an exhibition,而不是paintings,所以應(yīng)該是被動語態(tài)。本句的主語是an exhibition,of paintings是介詞短語作后置定語,所以謂語動詞是單數(shù),再結(jié)合時間狀語next week可知是表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。be to do sth.通常表示按照計劃或安排將要發(fā)生某事,此處是被動形式。 【答案】D 10(xx年蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學(xué)情況調(diào)查一)_of the people on the Net_Chinas economy is among the strongest in the world. AFourfifth;believes BFourfifth;believe CFourfifths;believe DFourfifths;believes 【解析】本題考查分?jǐn)?shù)表達和主謂一致。4/5fourfifths。題干主語是(網(wǎng)絡(luò)上)4/5的人,是復(fù)數(shù),故謂語動詞用動詞原形。 【答案】C 11(xx年湖北部分重點中學(xué)高三第一次聯(lián)考)Many a writer of newspaper articles_to writing novels. Ahas turned Bhave turned Cbeing turned Dare going to turn 【解析】考查主謂一致?!癿any a可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”,謂語動詞用單數(shù),表示“許多”。 【答案】A 12(xx年北京海淀區(qū)高三第一學(xué)期期中考試)Each of the students working hard at their lessons_the book. So have I. Ais reading Bhas read Cread Dreads 【解析】答語So have I是完成時態(tài),由此很容易選出對應(yīng)的時態(tài),那就是B項(has read),表示“學(xué)生們看過了,我也看過了”。 【答案】B 13(xx年江蘇南通九校聯(lián)考)How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers Day? A gift together with many flowers_sent to me. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。若句子的主語是由together with,along with,with,as well as名詞或代詞來修飾時,謂語動詞與together with,along with,with,as well as前面的名詞或代詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。根據(jù)問句,此處用一般過去時。 【答案】C 14(xx年西安地區(qū)八校聯(lián)考)This kind of book_very useful but books of that kind_useless. Ais;is Bis;are Care;is Dare;are 【解析】第一空前主語是“這種書”,而第二空前主語是books。 【答案】B 15(xx屆臨汾檢測)_your brother or you to blame for the broken TV set? ABe BAre CIs DWere 【解析】本題的主語由or連接,與謂語動詞相近的主語your brother是第三人稱單數(shù),因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用is。 【答案】C- 1.請仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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