2019高中英語 Unit 1 Nothing ventured nothing gained Section Ⅱ Learning about Language教案（含解析）新人教選修1 0.doc

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Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Ⅰ.高頻單詞點擊 1．freezing (adj.)冰凍的，嚴(yán)寒的→freeze (v.)使凍結(jié)，冷凍→frozen (adj.)冷凍的→freezer (n.)冷凍箱 2．stool (n.)凳子，大便 3．gratitude (n.)感激；感恩→grateful (adj.)感激的 4．punishment (n.)懲罰，懲處→punish(v.)懲罰，懲處 Ⅱ.常用句型必備 It_was_no_wonder_that Frank Wild，the kindest of men，describes“crying like a baby”when he saw Shackleton return at last with the rescue party. Ⅲ.單元語法聚焦 The Attribute (定語) [單詞點擊] 1．freezing (1)adj.凍結(jié)的；冰凍的；極冷的 freezing point冰點 Shut the window；I’m freezing！關(guān)上窗戶，我冷極了！ Don’t go out; it’s freezing outside! 別出去，外面冷極了！ (2)adv.冰凍一樣地 It’s freezing cold outside. 外面極為寒冷。 (3)n.結(jié)冰，冰結(jié) In the summer，large crops of fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling. 夏天收獲的大量水果可冷藏或裝瓶裝罐加以保存。 (4)freeze v．酷寒，使凍結(jié)，凍僵，毛骨悚然 Please freeze the fish and meat in order to prevent it from going rotten. 請把魚和肉冷凍起來以防止它們腐爛。 It froze hard last night.昨晚冷得厲害。 The story he told us froze me with terror. 他給我們講的故事把我嚇得毛骨悚然。 freezer n．　　　　　　　　 冰箱；冰庫；冷凍庫 frozen adj. 冷凍的 freezing，frozen (1)freezing表示天氣，態(tài)度等極冷的，冷淡的。 (2)frozen表示食品的冷凍或人的冷淡無情，如a frozen heart冷酷的心，frozen fish冷凍魚，常用來修飾名詞。 　 　 (1)What________ weather it is. (2)The match girl was ________ dead at night. (3)The smile________ on her face at the bad news. 答案：(1)freezing　(2)frozen　(3)froze 2．gratitude n．感激；感謝 out of gratitude　　　　　 出于感激，報恩地 with gratitude 感謝地，感激地 in gratitude for 為答謝…… He accepted her help with gratitude. 他心懷感激地接受了她的幫助。 He gave them a lovely bookcase in gratitude for their kindness. 他送給他們一個精致的書櫥以答謝他們的好意。 grateful adj.　　　　　　　 感激的 be grateful to sb.for sth. 因某事而感激某人 I’m really grateful to you for your kind offer. 對于您善意的幫助，我深表感激。 　　 (1)我感謝所有老師的幫助。 I am________________ all the teachers________their help. (2)他感激地朝他們笑了笑。 He smiled at them________________. 答案：(1)grateful to；for　(2)with gratitude 3．punishment n．懲罰，懲處 He was sent to his room as a punishment. 他被罰回到他的房間。 The punishment is too much for such a child. 對這樣一個孩子來說處罰太重了。 punish vt.　　　　 　 懲罰；粗魯?shù)貙Υ?；大量消? punish sb.with/by sth. 通過某事懲罰某人 punish sb.for sth. 因為某事懲罰某人 She was punished for telling a lie. 她因說謊而被處罰了。 　　 (1)The court should make the ________ fit the crime. (2)They have been ________ by law. 答案：(1)punishment　(2)punished [句型歸納] 　It_was_no_wonder_that Frank Wild，the kindest of men，describes“crying like a baby”when he saw Shackleton return at last with the rescue party. 難怪弗蘭克懷爾德——最友善的船員描述到，當(dāng)他看到沙克爾頓最終帶著救援隊返回時，他當(dāng)時“哭得像個孩子”。 It is no wonder/No wonder (that)＋句子這一結(jié)構(gòu)意為：難怪，并不奇怪，當(dāng)然 It is no wonder (that) he has passed the examination.難怪他考試及格了。 No wonder he is not hungry；he has been eating sweets all day.難怪他不餓，他整天在吃糖果。 wonder n． 奇跡，驚訝的事，v.想知道；使驚訝 do/work wonders 創(chuàng)造奇跡 wonder at/about (doing) sth. 對……感到驚訝 We all wondered at his rudeness. 我們沒想到他那么粗魯。 　 　 (1)難怪他總是考第一。 ________________________________________________________________________ (2)我想知道他在做什么。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(1)It’s no wonder that he always gets the first in the exams.　(2)I wonder what he is doing. 定　語 定語是用來說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的詞。可用來作定語的詞有形容詞、名詞或名詞所有格、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、詞組或合成詞、不定式(短語)、v.ing形式、過去分詞、介詞短語以及從句等。 1．形容詞作定語 He is an honest and hardworking boy. 他是一個誠實、勤勉的男孩。 (1)表語形容詞作定語時須后置，如alive，asleep，awake等。 people alive活著的人　the man awake醒著的那個人 (2)多個形容詞的排序為： 限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老。 顏色國籍出材料，作用類別往后靠。 a big old stone bridge一座大而老的石橋 (3)present，proper，left作定語時后置。 all the people present所有在場的人 (4)形容詞修飾不定代詞時須后置。 something necessary必要的東西 (5)復(fù)合形容詞作定語時，連字符連接的名詞必須是單數(shù)。 a twentymeterlong bridge一座20米長的橋 2．名詞作定語 They are women pilots.她們是女飛行員。 (1)woman，man作定語時，當(dāng)所修飾詞為單數(shù)時，它們用單數(shù)；當(dāng)所修飾詞為復(fù)數(shù)時，它們用復(fù)數(shù)，但boy，girl一律用單數(shù)。 (2)名詞作定語時，一般用單數(shù)，但某些常用復(fù)數(shù)的詞，當(dāng)它們用作定語時，也須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：arms production武器生產(chǎn)；clothes shop服裝商店；sales department營業(yè)部。 3．代詞作定語 His proposal is worth considering.他的建議值得考慮。 Whose book is this？這是誰的書？ 4．?dāng)?shù)詞作定語 The sun is 93,000,000 miles away. 太陽離我們九千三百萬公里。 基數(shù)詞作定語可以后置。 the year 2008,2008年 Room 315,315房間。 5．副詞作定語 She met me on her way home.她在回家的路上碰到我。 副詞作定語通常后置。 the window above上面的窗戶 the helicopter outside外面的直升飛機 6．介詞短語作定語 We’ll have a report on current affairs on Sunday morning.我們周日上午要聽形勢報告。 7．不定式(短語)作定語 That’s the teaching plan for you to discuss. 這就是供你討論的那份教學(xué)計劃。 不定式作定語表示將來的動作，且不定式作定語要后置；或者修飾其前有序數(shù)詞的名詞。 Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese to walk in space. 翟志剛是第一個在太空行走的中國人。 There are many problems to deal with. 有許多問題要解決。 8．v.ing形式作定語 a rising sun一顆冉冉升起的太陽 (1)v.ing作定語，一個詞時放在名詞前，短語作定語要后置。 the woman living in the next door住在隔壁的女人 (2)v.ing式作定語表示主動或正在進行的動作。 a crying child一個在哭泣的孩子 (3)v.ing式作定語表示名詞的功能。 a walking stick拐杖 9．過去分詞(短語)作定語 fallen leaves落葉 the stolen car那輛被盜汽車 過去分詞作定語表被動或已經(jīng)完成的動作。 boiled water開水 10．從句作定語 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，that，as，which及關(guān)系副詞when，where，why。 The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000.無家可歸的人數(shù)達到25萬。 This is the girl whose father is a professor. 這就是那個女孩，她父親是個教授。 China is a developing country，as is known to all. 眾所周知，中國是個發(fā)展中國家。 That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 那就是他為什么那么早就離開的原因。 1．(福建高考)With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) ________way of reaching target customers. A．temporary　　　　　　 　B．plex C．a(chǎn)ccurate D．efficient 解析：選D　考查形容詞辨析。句意：隨著網(wǎng)上購物變得越來越流行，網(wǎng)絡(luò)被看作是一種吸引目標(biāo)顧客的有效方法。temporary“暫時的”；plex“復(fù)雜的”；accurate“準(zhǔn)確的”；efficient“有效的，效率高的”。由increasingly popular“越來越受歡迎”可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種吸引目標(biāo)顧客有效的(efficient)方法。 2．(山東高考)There’s a note pinned to the door ________ when the shop will open again. A．saying B．says C．said D．having said 解析：選A　考查非謂語動詞。句意：釘在門上的一張便條上寫著商店何時再開張。根據(jù)語境可知所填詞要作后置定語修飾note。從邏輯關(guān)系上看，note與say之間是主動關(guān)系，所以選A項，在此用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。 3．(浙江高考)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her. A．to appoint B．a(chǎn)ppointing C．a(chǎn)ppointed D．having appointed 解析：選C　考查非謂語動詞。句意：身殘的阿米薩蒙，在學(xué)校由一個指定守護她的護士照料著。appointed在此充當(dāng)后置定語，修飾前面的nurse, appoint與nurse之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。 4．(重慶高考)We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year. A．which B．where C．when D．what 解析：選A　考查定語從句。因為先行詞指物，又因為從句的動詞set缺少必要的賓語，所以只能選A項；D項在從句中雖然可以作賓語但是不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 5．(江蘇高考)The book has helped me greatly in my daily munication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must. A．which B．when C．a(chǎn)s D．where 解析：選D　考查定語從句。本題的先行詞是work，使用關(guān)系副詞where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，相當(dāng)于in which。 Ⅰ.單項填空 1．The doctor did all ________he could to save the wounded soldier. A．which B．what C．不填 D．a(chǎn)bout 解析：選C　定語從句為he could，省去了動詞do。其先行詞為all，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that，不能用which。由于是作he could do的賓語，that被省略。 2．Many students signed up for the ________race in the sports meeting to be held next week. A．800metrelong B．800metreslong C．800 metre length D．800 metres length 解析：選A　題意為：許多學(xué)生都報名參加下周運動會中的800米賽跑?！皵?shù)詞－單數(shù)名詞－形容詞”構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，可用來作定語修飾名詞。 3．He hasn’t slept at all for three days.________he is tired out. A．There is no point B．There is no need C．It is no wonder D．It is no way 解析：選C　it is no wonder...難怪……；不奇怪……；there is no way...不可能……，……沒門兒；there is no point...……沒用，……無用的；there is no need...……沒有必要。 4．—How do you deal with the disagreement between the pany and the customers? —The key________the problem is to meet the demand________by the customers. A．to solving；making B．to solving；made C．to solve；making D．to solve；made 解析：選B　本題考查介詞和分詞短語作定語。 5．My wife has planted some________ roses in our garden. A．little red beautiful B．beautiful red little C．red little beautiful D．beautiful little red 解析：選D　根據(jù)形容詞作定語的排列順序，限定→描繪→大長高→形狀→年齡和新老→顏色→國籍→材料→作用→類別，可知三詞的排列順序應(yīng)為beautiful(描繪)→little(大小)→red(顏色)。 6．The actress had never experienced such a situation，________she was surrounded and questioned by many reporters. A．when B．where C．which D．that 解析：選B　situation作“情形，形勢”講時，是表地點的抽象名詞，且后面定語從句中缺狀語，因此應(yīng)選能用作地點狀語的關(guān)系副詞where。 7．There are 500________in my shoe factory. A．woman workers B．women worker C．women workers D．women’s workers 解析：選C　man與woman作定語時比較特殊，若修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，man與woman也變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。 8．He accepted the money given by the government with great________. A．gratitude B．grateful C．gratefully D．thankful 解析：選A　with gratitude感激地。 9．(北京高考)There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A．solving B．solved C．being solved D．to be solved 解析：選D　考查非謂語動詞。句意：在我們準(zhǔn)備長時間待在月球上之前仍舊有很多問題需要解決。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作定語。又根據(jù)語境可知此處表示沒有發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用不定式形式，同時solve和problems之間為動賓關(guān)系，因此用不定式的被動式，故選D項。 10．Close the window，please.It is ________ cold. A．freeze B．frozen C．freezing D．froze 解析：選C　freezing用作副詞，freezing cold非常冷。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Growing up is not always easy.When facing difficulties，courage and a spirit of independence can be more useful than crying for __1__！That’s what Hong Zhanhui’s story of __2__boy to man with family hardships tells us. Hong was born in 1982 in a poor family in Xihua County，Henan Province.When he was __3__11，his father became mentally ill and one day came back with an abandoned baby girl.A year later，Hong’s mother and younger brother both __4__home because of poverty and pressure from his sick father. Their burdens fell onto the 12yearold’s shoulders：to treat his father’s illness，to __5__the adopted sister Chenchen，and to go on to study. Hong didn’t __6__.Since a young age，he has worked in parttime jobs to feed his family.At the same time，he has studied at college.To take care of Chenchen，he worked hard to __7__ a room near his campus for her，and send her to school. After Hong’s story went public，people were __8__to tears by his unselfishness.Hard __9__his life was，Hong didn’t abandon his father and the adopted __10__，because they needed his help.With his hardwon money，he even aided other students __11__against misfortunes. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness，Hong’s deeds __12__us of what we usually neglect：love and care for others.Without these，__13__of us could survive. Hong __14__ donations from others.He said he felt encouraged by kind offers，but he could __15__ his own work.Short of money to buy food，the boy climbed tall trees to get birds’ eggs for his baby sister.He walked two hours at weekends to buy different things to __16__ around his school to earn money.Through his hard life，the boy developed __17__against misfortune that made him a hero in people’s eyes. Hong’s story shows that with love and willpower，no hardship can __18__a person but himself.So when facing difficulties，don’t __19__ about bad luck.Consider what more you could do for your family and society __20__ you’ll find the world smiling back. 1．A．money　　　　　　　 　B．food C．clothes D．help 解析：選D　一面對困難當(dāng)然是哭著尋求幫助了。 2．A．caring B．growing C．moving D．turning 解析：選B　由后文的to man可知這里指的是洪戰(zhàn)輝從一個成長中的男孩到一個男子漢的經(jīng)歷。 3．A．only B．a(chǎn)lready C．ever D．still 解析：選A　only說明他的年齡小，只有12歲。 4．A．stayed B．went C．sold D．left 解析：選D　由下文的生活重?fù)?dān)落在了洪戰(zhàn)輝的肩上可知，母親帶著弟弟離開了貧窮的家。 5．A．bring up B．turn to C．stick to D．devote to 解析：選A　bring up“養(yǎng)育，撫育”，洪戰(zhàn)輝擔(dān)起了撫養(yǎng)妹妹的任務(wù)。 6．A．give away B．give up C．run out D．turn down 解析：選B　盡管困難，但是不放棄(give up)。 7．A．build B．rent C．buy D．paint 解析：選B　為了照顧妹妹，他租了學(xué)校附近的一間房子。rent租用，租借。 8．A．encouraged B．moved C．inspired D．made 解析：選B　moved to tears“感動地流淚了”。 9．A．a(chǎn)s B．because C．unless D．while 解析：選A　as“盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而且倒裝。 10．A．brother B．daughter C．sister D．uncle 解析：選C　由上文可知是他的養(yǎng)妹。 11．A．struggling B．leaning C．standing D．turning 解析：選A　struggle against“與……抗?fàn)帯?，幫助其他同學(xué)與misfortune抗?fàn)帯? 12．A．left B．remembered C．reminded D．told 解析：選C　remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事。而tell sb.of sth.給某人講述某事，顯然是C符合語境。 13．A．a(chǎn)ny one B．every one C．none D．no one 解析：選C　沒有關(guān)心和愛護，任何人都不可能生存下去。no one不和of連用。 14．A．threw away B．turned out C．gave off D．turned down 解析：選D　turned down“拒絕”；threw away“扔掉”；turned out“結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)”；gave off“發(fā)出”，由下文沒有錢可知他拒絕了捐款。 15．A．depend on B．stick to C．refer to D．turn to 解析：選A　depend on依靠自己的工作。 16．A．show B．eat C．sell D．share 解析：選C　為了掙點錢，他周末去很遠(yuǎn)的地方買來東西，在校園里賣。 17．A．a(chǎn) chance B．a(chǎn)n ability C．a(chǎn) spirit D．a(chǎn) belief 解析：選B　developed an ability against misfortune培養(yǎng)了抵抗不幸的能力。 18．A．bury B．defeat C．win D．knock 解析：選B　擁有愛和意志力，沒有任何事情能把自己打倒。 19．A．worry B．care C．plain D．joke 解析：選C　plain about“抱怨”。 20．A．a(chǎn)nd B．when C．while D．until 解析：選A　祈使句加and句型，表示順承關(guān)系。