2019高中英語 Unit 3 Fairness for all Section Ⅱ Learning about Language教案（含解析）新人教選修1 0.doc

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Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Ⅰ.高頻單詞點擊 1．brief (adj.)簡短的，短暫的→briefly (adv.)簡潔地，短暫地 2．discrimination (n.)歧視→discriminate (v.)歧視 Ⅱ.重點短語必記 1．play a very important role in_(doing) sth. 　　　　　　　　　　　　 在(做)中起重要作用 2．reach an agreement 達成協(xié)議 3．succeed_in(doing) sth. 成功做了某事 4．be set in 以……為背景 5．deal with 論述，處理 6．now that 既然 7．speak up 大聲說出來 Ⅲ.常用句型必備 1．Here you can take my copy now_that I’ve finished with it. 2．He had none today，nor_would_he have any the next day. Ⅳ.單元語法聚焦 The Tenses(時態(tài)) [單詞點擊] 　brief adj.簡短的，短暫的；簡單的 n．任務；摘要；辯護律師 v．介紹情況；下達命令 There is a brief meeting tomorrow.明天有個短會。 briefly adv.　　　　 短暫地，簡短地 簡而言之 in brief 簡單地說；簡明扼要的 To put it briefly，the meeting was a disaster. 簡而言之，那次會議就是一次災難。 To be brief (with you)，we can’t accept such harsh terms. 簡單地(對你)說，我們不能接受這樣苛刻的條件。 In brief he was careless.簡單地說，他粗心大意。 in brief，in short (1)in brief著重于重點突出，不拖泥帶水。 (2)in short多用來在較長敘述之后長話短說，帶有“綜上所述”的意思。 　 (1)There is not much time left，so I’ll tell you about it in ________________. (2)Let me tell you ________ what happened. 答案：(1)brief　(2)briefly [短語精析] 1．succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事 He succeeded in getting a place at art school. 他被藝術(shù)學校錄取了。 Nanjing succeeded in hosting the 2014 Youth Olympics. 南京成功舉辦了2014年青奧會。 succeed succeed to the throne　　　　　 繼承王位 successful adj. 成功的，有成就的 be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事 success n．[U]成功；[C]成功的人或事 Who will succeed to the estate？誰將繼承那筆遺產(chǎn)？ Who succeeded Kennedy as President? 接替肯尼迪任總統(tǒng)的是誰？ 　　 　 They managed to save the drowning child. ＝________________________________________________________________________ ＝________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(1)They succeeded in saving the drowning child. (2)They were successful in saving the drowning child. 2．be set in以……為背景 The story was set in Shanghai in the 1930s. 這個故事以二十世紀三十年代的上海為背景。 The film records the life of farmers set in the first world war. 這部電影記錄了以一戰(zhàn)為背景的農(nóng)民的生活。 set about開始(某工作)，著手做某事(doing sth.) set free　　　　　　 釋放 set off 開始，啟程(for)，爆炸，燃放 set out 出發(fā)上路；開始做(to do sth.) set up 設置；建立 set aside 把……放在一邊；擱置，留出 They have set off for Shanghai. 他們已出發(fā)到上海去了。 I set aside my overcoat and took out my summer clothes.我把大衣放起來，取出了夏天的衣服。 　 　 (1)The family have set ________ some money for the journey. (2)The doctors set ________ saving the injured the moment they arrived. (3)Don’t set ________ the fireworks in the city. (4)They set ________ for Tianjin the next day. (5)A new government was set ________ after the civil war. 答案：(1)aside　(2)about　(3)off　(4)out　(5)up [句型歸納] 1．Here you can take my copy now_that I’ve finished with it.既然我已讀完，你可以拿我這本。 now that由于，既然，表示原因，引導原因狀語從句，口語中that可以省去。 Now that you have grown up，you must stop this childish behavior. 你既然已長大，就不要再有這種孩子氣的行為。 Now that you are an adult，you should think about your future carefully.既然你已是個成年人了，你應該仔細地考慮一下你的將來。 　 　 ____________________________________(既然他這么粗魯?shù)貙ξ覀?，I think we have to punish him. 答案：Now that he is so rude to us 2．He had none today，nor would he have any the next day.他今天沒有午餐，接下來的任何一天也不會有。 nor would he...是nor引起的表示部分倒裝的句子。 否定副詞或含有否定詞的介詞短語置于句首時，主句須用部分倒裝。如：seldom，never，little，hardly，not，nowhere，no sooner，in no way，by no means等。 We didn’t know the news；nor did we care about it. 我們不知道這一消息，我們也不在乎它。 Never have I seen such a good film. 我從未看過這么好的電影。 By no means should he be left alone. 他絕不該被單獨留下。 　 　 (1)You can find such a beautiful place nowhere else. __________________________ such a beautiful place. (2)He knew little of the matter. ______________________________ of the matter. (3)I could hardly say anything at that moment. ____________________ say anything at that moment. 答案：(1)Nowhere else can you find (2)Little did he know (3)Hardly could I 時　態(tài) 一、英語中動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種?，F(xiàn)以動詞write為例將英語的16種時態(tài)列表如下： 時態(tài) 一般 進行 完成 完成進行 現(xiàn)在 write/ writes am/is/are /writing has/have been written has/have been writing 過去 wrote was/were/ writing had written had been writing 將來 shall/will write shall/will be writing shall/will have written shall/will have been writing 過去將來 should/ would write should/ would be writing should/would have written should/would have been writing 二、時態(tài)的考查是高考的熱點，根據(jù)教學大綱，高考主要考查8種時態(tài)的形式和用法，詳見下表： 時態(tài) 表示 例句 注意 一般現(xiàn)在時 現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作 I read English every morning. ▲時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時代替一般將來時。如： I won’t go swimming if it rains. ▲here，there，now，then等開頭的倒裝句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代 替現(xiàn)在進行時。 如：Look！Here es the bus. 客觀真理、普遍公理、科學事實 The sun rises in the east.　　　 現(xiàn)有的興趣、愛好或能力，或者現(xiàn)存的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài) He likes playingfootball.　　　 The situation is encouraging.　 介紹故事梗概、劇情，用于新聞標題 Yang meets journalists. 按時刻表將要發(fā)生的動作(只限于少數(shù)動詞，如：e，go，leave，arrive，begin，start，take off，return，stop，open，close等)　　　　　 The train leavesat 4∶30 p．m.. The meeting startsthis afternoon. 一般過去時 過去經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或狀態(tài) He often cried when he was a boy.　　　 ▲時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中要用一般過去時代替過去將來時如：He said that if I went there，he would go too. ▲表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，也可用“used to　do...”和“would do...”　The old man used to climb the hill behind his house. 過去某時的動作或狀態(tài)　　　 I went to the bank just now. 用于I didn’tknow...或I forgot...，表示事先不知道 或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記 得的事情　　 I didn’t_know youwere here.　　 Sorry，I forgot tobring my book. 一般將來時 現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)　　　 Tom will e next week. He will be here tomorrow. ▲幾種常見將來時表達的區(qū)別： 1．be going to表示打算最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，或有某種征兆要發(fā)生某事，不用于有if條件句的主句中?！　? I will go fishing if it is fine. It is going to rain.　 2．be to do sth. 表按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還表示吩咐，命令，禁止，注定等。 No one is to leave without the permission of the police. 3．be about to do不與具體的時間狀語或狀語從句連用。 The petition is about to start. 4．will/shall表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定。 事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢 Oil will float in water.　　 Fish will die without water. 對將來某個動作的安排、計劃　 He is going to speak on TV this evening. 現(xiàn)在進行時 此時此刻正在發(fā)生的動作　　　 I’m studying English now. ▲不宜用進行時的動詞：　　 感覺類：look，smell，feel，sound，taste，see，hear 情感類：like，love，prefer，admire，hate，fear 心態(tài)類：wish，hope，expect，want，need，believe，think，understand，agree，know，remember，forget 所有類：have，contain，own，hold(容納)，belong to 現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作　　　　 We are building our socialism. 與always，forever，constantly， continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩，但并非強調(diào)動作正在進行 He is always helping others. She is always forgetting something. 按計劃、安排近期發(fā)生的動作 (只限于e，go，leave，arrive， start，move，sail，fly，travel，stay等) A foreigner is ing to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 過去進行時 過去某一時刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動作 He was watching TV this time yesterday.　 It was raining the whole morning. ▲過去進行時可用來描繪故事發(fā)生的背景：　　 The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 與always，forever，constantly， continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩 rade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself. 過去計劃、安排好的將來動作(只限于e，go，leave，arrive， start，move，sail，fly，travel，stay等)　　　　　 He said he was leaving the next day. I was told the train was starting soon. 過去將來時 過去某一時刻后將要發(fā)生的過去動作或過去的意圖、打算(主要用于賓語從句中) She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would e. ▲把一般將來時中的助動詞變成過去式，便成了過去將來時的表達形式 現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)已完成或剛剛完成且對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作 I have finished my homework. ▲沒有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截止“現(xiàn)在”為止的時間狀語不能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用 ▲短暫性動詞的肯定式不能與時間段連用　　　 ▲“in the past/last＋時間段”要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用　　　　　 ▲have gone to 表示人在所指地方的路上或已在所指地方；have been to表示人曾到過所指的地方，但現(xiàn)在不在所指的地方了 發(fā)生在過去的動作，但已成為現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗 We’ve all played with snow and ice.　　　　　 始于過去持續(xù)至今，也許延于將來的動作或狀態(tài) He’s lived here since 2000. I’ve taught English for 15 years. 將來某時先要做完的動作(只限于時間和條件狀語從句) Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 到目前為止的一段時間，多少次或第幾次干某事 He’s been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 過去完成時 過去某時間前已發(fā)生的動作或情況 Marx had learned some English before he came to London. ▲過去完成時必須以過去某一時刻為基點，即“過去的過去”。因此只有在和過去某時或某動作相 比較時才用到它 ▲before，after 本身“前”“后”明顯，因此可用一般過去時代替過去完成時?；蛲恢髡Z連續(xù)幾個動作時，只用一般過去時即可。 如：He (had) left before I arrived. 過去某動作前已發(fā)生的另一動作 The train had left when I got to the station. 始于過去持續(xù)至過去另一時間，也許延續(xù)下來的動作 He said he had been in the Party for 10 years. 過去未曾實現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希 望(只限于think，want，plan，mean，intend，hope，expect，suppose等動詞)　　 I had planned to see you yesterday，but the rain　　 prevented me.　 三、與動詞時態(tài)連用的固定句式 1．This/It is the first/second...time＋that從句。that從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，如果把前邊的is改為was，則that從句用過去完成時。 This is the first time I have e here. 這是我第一次來這兒。 It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 這是他第三次犯同樣的錯誤。 2．It is/has been＋一段時間＋since從句。since從句中一般用過去時，如果將前邊的is改為was，則since從句中用過去完成時。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我們有十年沒有像這樣玩得高興了。 3．be about to do...when...意為“即將……(這時)突然……”。 I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我剛要出去這時電話鈴響了。 4．be (was/were)＋doing...when...意為“正在干……(這時)突然……”。 They were reading when Tom shouted in pain. 他們正在閱讀這時湯姆疼得大叫起來。 5．Hardly had...done...when...；No sooner had...done...than... when和than從句里用一般過去時，表示“剛剛……就……”。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.我剛到家大雨就傾盆而下了。 6．It＋be＋一段時間＋before從句 這個句式分兩種情況：如果主句用將來時，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來時，意為多長時間以后即將發(fā)生某事；如果主句用過去時，從句也用過去時，意為多長時間后發(fā)生了某事。 It won’t be long before he succeeds.(＝He will succeed soon.)他不久就會成功。 1．(山東高考)They made up their mind that they ________ a new house once Larry changed jobs. A．bought B．would buy C．have bought D．had bought 解析：選B　考查時態(tài)。句意：他們下定決心，一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買所新房子。根據(jù)主句中的關鍵詞made可知該題的語境是發(fā)生在過去的；同時once引導的條件狀語從句中的changed這一動作還未發(fā)生，用的是一般過去時表示過去將來時的用法，所以主句應該用過去將來時，即would buy。 2．(北京高考)—What time is it? —I have no ideA． But just a minute, I ________ it for you. A．check B．checked C．will check D．would check 解析：選C　考查時態(tài)。句意：“幾點了？”“我不知道。稍等，我?guī)湍憧匆幌??！庇蒵ust a minute可知，下文表示臨時的決定，應用一般將來時，故選C項。 3．(湖南高考)Whenever you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view. A．bought B．have bought C．will buy D．buy 解析：選D　考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：無論何時你購買禮物，你都應該從接收者的角度去考慮(這個禮物是否合適)。根據(jù)句意可知，該句敘述的是一般的客觀情況，故此處的時間狀語從句中應用一般現(xiàn)在時。 4．(江蘇高考)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? —Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms. A．cover B．will cover C．have covered D．covered 解析：選C　考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)兩人的對話及句中的in a variety of forms可知，媒體已經(jīng)以多種形式對南京青年奧運會進行了報道，因此選擇C。 5．(北京高考)—Hi, let’s go skating. —Sorry, I’m busy right now. I________ in an application form for a new job. A．fill B．have filled C．a(chǎn)m filling D．will fill 解析：選C　考查時態(tài)。句意：“嗨，我們?nèi)セ??！薄皩Σ黄?，我現(xiàn)在很忙。我正在填一份新工作的申請表?！庇纱鹁渲械臅r間狀語right now和上下文語境可知，此處表示正在發(fā)生的事，應用現(xiàn)在進行時，故選C項。 Ⅰ.單項填空 1．My uncle ________ part of his salary for three years and then he bought a boat. A．set off B．set aside C．set back D．set down 解析：選B　句意：三年來我叔叔每月省出一部分工資，然后買了一艘船。set aside“省出，留出(錢或時間)”，符合題意。set off“動身，啟程”；set back“使耽擱”；set down“寫下，記下”。 2．Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments did they succeed ________ the problem. A．to have solved B．in solving C．to solve D．solving 解析：選B　succeed in doing sth.成功做了某事。 3．She ought to stop work.She has a headache because she ________ all day long. A．has been reading B．had read C．is reading D．read 解析：選A　句意：她現(xiàn)在頭疼因為她已經(jīng)讀了一整天了。前一句用了一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)；第二句強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止一直在讀書，所以用了現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。 4．—I’d like to call on you at 10 a．m. tomorrow. —I’m sorry，by then I ________ my guests in my office. A．meet B．will meet C．will be meeting D．a(chǎn)m meeting 解析：選C　句意：“明天上午10點我想去拜訪你。”“抱歉，那個時候我將正在辦公室接待客人?！备鶕?jù)時間狀語at 10 a．m.tomorrow判斷“接待客人”是將來某時正在進行的動作，故用將來進行時。 5．Nobody has any idea that how long it will be before the hostages ________. A．a(chǎn)re released B．will be released C．a(chǎn)re to be released D．has been released 解析：選A　考查句型“It will be＋一段時間＋before從句”，從句中謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，且此處表被動，應用被動語態(tài)。 6．—It is hard to find a job today. —I might at least get some work experience ________ I don’t get a good job. A．so that B．in case C．now that D．even if 解析：選D　考查狀語從句。句意：雖然我沒有得到好工作，但我至少能獲得一些工作經(jīng)驗。even if“雖然，盡管”，引導讓步狀語從句。so that“結(jié)果，為了”，in case“萬一”引導條件狀語從句，now that“既然”引導原因狀語從句。 7．Where were you at lunch time？I ________ a seat for you in the dining hall. A．saved B．was saving C．have saved D．had saved 解析：選B　句意：午飯的時候你在哪兒呢？我在餐廳給你留了個座位。強調(diào)過去某個時間段或某一時刻進行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)時，用過去進行時態(tài)。 8．No one can deny the role women played ________ the development of society. A．in B．to C．a(chǎn)t D．with 解析：選A　play the/a role in (doing) sth.“在某事上起著作用”。句意：沒人否認婦女在社會的發(fā)展中所起的作用。 9．—Where have you been recently? —I ________ in Hangzhou on business for a week last month. A．have been B．was C．had been D．had gone 解析：選B　由句中l(wèi)ast month可知用過去時。 10．The other day，not until two o’clock in the morning ________ home drunk. A．returned he B．he returned C．did he return D．had he returned 解析：選C　not until用于句首，句子要部分倒裝，由the other day可知要用過去時。 Ⅱ.完形填空 John Johnson was born in a black family in Arkansas city in 1918.His father died in an accident when John was six.He was __1__ high school age，but his hometown __2__ no high school for blacks. __3__ he had a strongwilled，caring mother.John __4__ that his mother told him many times，“Son，you can __5__ everything you really want to be if you just __6__.” She told him not to depend on others，__7__ his mother.“You have to earn success.” said she，“All the people who work hard __8__ succeed，but the only people who __9__ succeed are those who works hard.” These words came from a woman with less than a third grade __10__. She also knew that __11__ and hard work couldn’t __12__ everything.So she worked hard as a cook for two years to save enough to take her son to Chicago. Chicago in 1933 was not the promising __13__ that black southerners were __14__ for.John’s mother and stepfather could not find work.But here John could go to school，and here he learned the __15__ of words as editor of the newspaper and yearbook at Du Sable High School.His wish was to __16__ a magazine for the blacks. While others __17__ him，John’s mother offered him more words to live by，“Nothing beats a failure but a __18__.” She let him pawn (典當) her furniture to get ＄ 500 he needed to start the Negro magazine. It is __19__ that difficulties and failure followed John closely __20__ he became very successful.He always keep his mother’s words in mind，“Son，failure is not in your vocabulary.” 1．A．reaching B．getting C．in D．of 解析：選A　reach high school age到上高中的年齡，get to或at the age才正確。 2．A．got B．set C．offered D．gave 解析：選C　offer sth.for sb.為某人提供某物。 3．A．Therefore B．First C．Fortunately D．Otherwise 解析：選C　有一個如此好的母親，當然是幸運的事。 4．A．remembered B．knew C．learned D．understood 解析：選A　對母親說過多次的話當然是記得。 5．A．be B．take C．get D．have 解析：選A　由后面的want to be可知，意為：如果你努力了，你想是什么就是什么。 6．A．work B．succeed C．do D．go 解析：選C　句意：如果去做，do此處意義比其余三項要廣泛，指一切努力。 7．A．including B．except C．besides D．but 解析：選A　including包括，母親告訴兒子，誰也不依靠，包括母親。 8．A．don’t B．wouldn’t C．can D．will 解析：選A　部分否定，并非所有努力的人都能成功。由work可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。 9．A．may B．do C．should D．might 解析：選B　do＋動詞原形，表示強調(diào)，“真正成功的”。 10．A．lesson B．education C．class D．pupil 解析：選B　third grade education三年的教育。由grade可知為教育。 11．A．believing B．practice C．experience D．knowledge 解析：選A　由下文失敗多次仍然堅持，那就是堅信自己，故用believing。 12．A．make B．bee C．mean D．bring 解析：選C　mean“意味著”。 13．A．land B．spot C．center D．town 解析：選A　the promising land“有希望的地方，樂土，樂園”。 14．A．going B．seat C．naming D．looking 解析：選D　look for“尋找”。此處指黑人們在尋找自己的樂園。 15．A．value B．cost C．strength D．power 解析：選D　power力量。他了解到報紙編輯所說的話是非常有影響力的。 16．A．lend B．publish C．sell D．set 解析：選B　publish a magazine出版一份雜志。 17．A．watched B．a(chǎn)dmired C．respected D．discouraged 解析：選D　母親鼓勵，當然其他人在阻止他，discourage“使泄氣”。 18．A．try B．success C．hero D．hope 解析：選A　此處是母親鼓勵他去試一下；“努力就會成功?！眛ry努力，嘗試。 19．A．possible B．natural C．obvious D．strange 解析：選B　開創(chuàng)一份事業(yè)，困難和失敗是理所當然的，natural“自然”。 20．A．until B．though C．because D．a(chǎn)fter 解析：選A　“until”直到……為止。